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Uluslararası Hukuk, Düzenlemeler ve Uygulamalar Kapsamında Türkiye’de Siyasetin Finansmanı

Year 2017, Volume: 37 Issue: 2, 874 - 910, 15.12.2017

Abstract

Siyasetin finansmanı hem demokratik siyasal düzen hem de siyasette etik açısından çok büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Siyaset-para ilişkilerinin yasama sürecinde büyük çıkar çatışmalarına yol açabileceği bilincinden yola çıkarak siyasetin finansmanı konusunda uluslararası düzenlemelere uygun çağdaş bir sistemin kurulması gerekliliği göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu bilinçle, bu Makale’de siyasetin finansmanı ile ilgili genel kavramlara yer verilmekte, uluslararası hukuk, düzenlemeler ve uygulamalar incelenmekte ve Türkiye’de siyasetin finansmanı ile ilgili sorunlar tespit edilmektedir. Aynı zamanda, bu Makale’de Türkiye’de siyasetin finansmanıyla ilgili bir mevzuat çalışması değerlendirilmesi yapılmakta ve sonuç olarak yasal altyapı kurulması için tavsiyelerde bulunulmaktadır.

References

  • CARLSON, Jeffrey; From Discourse to Action: Avoiding Pitfalls in Political Finance Disclosure Initiatives, IFES Political Finance White Paper Series, 2004
  • CORRADO, Anthony; Money and Politics: A History of Federal Campaign Finance Law, in Anthony CORRADO/ Thomas E. MANN/ Daniel R. ORTIZ/ Trevor POTTER (eds.), The New Campaign Finance Sourcebook, Brookings Institution Press, 2005
  • DUVERGER, Maurice; Political Parties, Science Editions, 1963 (translated by Ergun Özbudun, Siyasi Partiler, Bilgi Yayınevi, 1993)
  • EMERY, Fred; Watergate: The Corruption of American Politics and Fall of Nixon, Touchstone, New York, NY, 1994
  • EWING, Keith/ Jacob ROWBOTTOM/ Joo-Cheong THAM (eds.); The Funding of Political Parties: Where Now?, Routledge, London and New York, 2012
  • FALGUERA, Elin/ Samuel JONES/ Magnus OHMAN, (eds.); Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns, Stockholm, 2014, (online) https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/funding-of-political-parties-and-election-campaigns.pdf.
  • GENÇKAYA, Ömer Faruk/ Umut GÜNDÜZ/ Damla CİHANGİR-TETİK; Political Finance and Transparency, Transparency International Turkey, Altan Matbaacılık, January 2016 (online) http://www.seffaflik.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Siyasetin-Finansman%C4%B1-EN.pdf
  • GENÇKAYA, Ömer Faruk; Cumhurbaşkanı Seçim Kampanyasının Finansmanı Raporu: Adiliyet, Şeffaflık ve Hesap Verilebilirlik, Demokrasi Barometresi Analiz Raporu No:1, Denge ve Denetleme Ağı, 2014
  • GENÇKAYA, Ömer Faruk; Siyasi Partilere ve Adaylara Devlet Desteği, Bağışlar ve Seçim Giderlerinin Sınırlanması, in Ali Çarkoğlu, Tarhan Erdem, Mehmet Kabasakal (eds.), Türkiye’de Yeni Bir Parti Sistemine Doğru: Siyasi Partiler Kanunu, Parti Örgütleri ve Parti İçi Demokrasiden Beklentiler, TESEV Yayınları. 2000
  • HEIDENHEIMER, Arnold J./ Michael JOHNSTON; Political Corruption, Routledge, New York, third edition, 2017 ISSACHAROFF, Samuel; On Political Corruption, 124 Harvard Law Review, 2010
  • JOHNSTON, Michael; Political Corruption and Public Policy in America, Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., 1982
  • KAHRAMAN, Mehmet; Cumhurbaşkanının Halk Tarafından Seçilmesi ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçim Kanunu, SÜ İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2014
  • KARAKAŞ, Mehmet; Siyasetin Finansmanı: Sürdürülebilir Bir Demokrasinin Aracı, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, 2015
  • KATZ, Richard S.; Democracy and the Legal Regulation of Political Parties, Paper Prepared for The USAID Conference On, Changes in Political Parties: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., 1 October, 2004, (online) https://tr.scribd.com/document/190180368/Democracy-and-the-Legal-Regulation-of-Political-Parties.
  • KATZ, Richard S. / William CROTTY (eds.), Handbook of Party Politics. London, UK, Sage, 2006
  • MUTLU, Abdullah; Kurumsallaşmış Demokrasilerdeki Siyasi Partiler Sistemi ile Ülkemizdeki Siyasi Partiler Sisteminin Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirmesi ve Özgün Model Arayışları, İçişleri Bakanlığı, Araştırma, Planlama ve Koordinasyon Kurulu Başkanlığı Uzmanlık Tezi, April 2005, (online), http://www.icisleri.gov.tr/_Icisleri/WPX/apktez1.doc
  • NASSMACHER, Karl-Heinz; Structure and Impact of Public Subsidies to Political Parties in Europe, in Herbert E. Alexander (ed.) Comparative Political Finance in the 1980s, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989
  • NASSMACHER, Karl-Heinz; The Funding of Party Competition: Political Finance in 25 Democracies, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 2009
  • OECD Report, Financing Democracy: Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns and the Risk of Policy Capture, OECD Publishing, Paris, (2016), (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264249455-en.
  • Office of Democracy and Governance, Money in Politics Handbook: A Guide To Increasing Transparency in Emerging Democracies, Technical Publication Series, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, 2003, (online) www.u4.no/recommended-reading/money-in-politics-handbook-a-guide-to-increasing-transparancy-in-emerging-democracies/
  • OHMAN, Magnus; Political Finance Regulations Around the World: An Overview of the International IDEA Database, Trydells Forum, Sweden, 2012, p. 11-45. (online) http://www.idea.int/political-finance.
  • OLSON, Keith W.; Watergate: The Presidential Scandal That Shook America, University Press of Kansas, 2003
  • ÖZKAN, Azzem; Ülkemiz Siyasi Partilerinde Muhasebe Kayıt Düzeni ve Denetimi, Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, Yıl 2, Sayı 7, 2002
  • PALTIEL, Khayyam Z.; Political Finance, in Vernon BOGDONAR (ed.), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Institutions, Blackwell Publishing, 1987
  • PINTO-DUSCHINSKY, Michael; Financing Politics: A Global View, Journal of Democracy 13(4), October 2002
  • PORTA, Donatella Della; A Judges’ Revolution, Political Corruption and the Judiciary in Italy, European Journal of Political Research 39 (1), January, 2001
  • ROBINSON, Mark (ed.); Corruption and Development, Frank Cass Publishers, London, 1998
  • ROSE-ACKERMAN, Susan; Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, Reform, Cambridge University Press, 1999
  • SAKA, Abdulkadir; Siyasi Partiler Hukuku Açısından Siyasi Partilerin Finansmanı, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2013
  • SCARROW, Susan E.; Political Finance in Comparative Perspective, Annual Review, Political Science, V. 10, 2007
  • SPECK, Bruno Wilhelm; Money in Politics: Sound Political Competition and Trust in Government, OECD, Paris, 14-15 November 2013
  • TACAR, Pulat; Siyasetin Finansmanı, Doruk Yayınları, Ankara, 1997
  • TARAKTAŞ, Abdurrahman/ Canatay HACIKÖYLÜ; Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçiminde Adaylara Yapılan Bağış ve Yardım Uygulamasının Değerlendirilmesi, Uluslararası Antalya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 3, Sayı: 5, Haziran 2015
  • USAID, Foreign Aid in The National Interest: Promoting Freedom, Security and Opportunity, 2002. (online) pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pdabv901.pdf.
  • UZUN, Cem D.; Siyasi Partilerin Finansmanı, Seta Analiz, Sayı:110, Kasım 2014
  • WALDMAN, Michael; Political Accountability, Campaign Finance, and Regulatory Reform, 18 North Carolina Banking Institute, 2013
  • WALECKI, Marcin; Challenging the Norms and Standards of Election Administration: Political Finance Standards, IFES, 2005
  • WALECKI, Marcin; Political Money and Corruption, IFES Political Finance White Paper Series, 2004, (online) Walecki IFES White Paper on Political Money and Corruption.pdf.
  • YÜKSEL, Cüneyt; Devlette Etik: Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Kamu Yönetiminde Etik, Yasal Altyapı ve Uluslararası Uygulamalar, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, Istanbul, 2010
  • YÜKSEL, Cüneyt; An International Comparison of Legislative Ethics, Annales de la Faculte de Droit d’Istanbul, V. 38, No: 55, 2006

Political Finance in Turkey Within the Context of International Law, Regulations and Practices

Year 2017, Volume: 37 Issue: 2, 874 - 910, 15.12.2017

Abstract

Political finance bears considerable importance both in terms of democratic political order and in terms of ethics in politics. Based on the premise that relations between politics and money can lead to serious conflicts of interest in legislative processes, it must be born in mind that there is need for establishment of a contemporary system suitable for international law, regulations and practices on political finance. Therefore, this Article deals with the general concepts and practices on political finance. It examines international law, regulations and practices and identifies the problems related to the political finance in Turkey. Finally, the Article concludes with the recommendations for establishing a legal infrastructure of political finance in Turkey. 

References

  • CARLSON, Jeffrey; From Discourse to Action: Avoiding Pitfalls in Political Finance Disclosure Initiatives, IFES Political Finance White Paper Series, 2004
  • CORRADO, Anthony; Money and Politics: A History of Federal Campaign Finance Law, in Anthony CORRADO/ Thomas E. MANN/ Daniel R. ORTIZ/ Trevor POTTER (eds.), The New Campaign Finance Sourcebook, Brookings Institution Press, 2005
  • DUVERGER, Maurice; Political Parties, Science Editions, 1963 (translated by Ergun Özbudun, Siyasi Partiler, Bilgi Yayınevi, 1993)
  • EMERY, Fred; Watergate: The Corruption of American Politics and Fall of Nixon, Touchstone, New York, NY, 1994
  • EWING, Keith/ Jacob ROWBOTTOM/ Joo-Cheong THAM (eds.); The Funding of Political Parties: Where Now?, Routledge, London and New York, 2012
  • FALGUERA, Elin/ Samuel JONES/ Magnus OHMAN, (eds.); Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns, Stockholm, 2014, (online) https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/funding-of-political-parties-and-election-campaigns.pdf.
  • GENÇKAYA, Ömer Faruk/ Umut GÜNDÜZ/ Damla CİHANGİR-TETİK; Political Finance and Transparency, Transparency International Turkey, Altan Matbaacılık, January 2016 (online) http://www.seffaflik.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Siyasetin-Finansman%C4%B1-EN.pdf
  • GENÇKAYA, Ömer Faruk; Cumhurbaşkanı Seçim Kampanyasının Finansmanı Raporu: Adiliyet, Şeffaflık ve Hesap Verilebilirlik, Demokrasi Barometresi Analiz Raporu No:1, Denge ve Denetleme Ağı, 2014
  • GENÇKAYA, Ömer Faruk; Siyasi Partilere ve Adaylara Devlet Desteği, Bağışlar ve Seçim Giderlerinin Sınırlanması, in Ali Çarkoğlu, Tarhan Erdem, Mehmet Kabasakal (eds.), Türkiye’de Yeni Bir Parti Sistemine Doğru: Siyasi Partiler Kanunu, Parti Örgütleri ve Parti İçi Demokrasiden Beklentiler, TESEV Yayınları. 2000
  • HEIDENHEIMER, Arnold J./ Michael JOHNSTON; Political Corruption, Routledge, New York, third edition, 2017 ISSACHAROFF, Samuel; On Political Corruption, 124 Harvard Law Review, 2010
  • JOHNSTON, Michael; Political Corruption and Public Policy in America, Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., 1982
  • KAHRAMAN, Mehmet; Cumhurbaşkanının Halk Tarafından Seçilmesi ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçim Kanunu, SÜ İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2014
  • KARAKAŞ, Mehmet; Siyasetin Finansmanı: Sürdürülebilir Bir Demokrasinin Aracı, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, 2015
  • KATZ, Richard S.; Democracy and the Legal Regulation of Political Parties, Paper Prepared for The USAID Conference On, Changes in Political Parties: United States Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., 1 October, 2004, (online) https://tr.scribd.com/document/190180368/Democracy-and-the-Legal-Regulation-of-Political-Parties.
  • KATZ, Richard S. / William CROTTY (eds.), Handbook of Party Politics. London, UK, Sage, 2006
  • MUTLU, Abdullah; Kurumsallaşmış Demokrasilerdeki Siyasi Partiler Sistemi ile Ülkemizdeki Siyasi Partiler Sisteminin Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirmesi ve Özgün Model Arayışları, İçişleri Bakanlığı, Araştırma, Planlama ve Koordinasyon Kurulu Başkanlığı Uzmanlık Tezi, April 2005, (online), http://www.icisleri.gov.tr/_Icisleri/WPX/apktez1.doc
  • NASSMACHER, Karl-Heinz; Structure and Impact of Public Subsidies to Political Parties in Europe, in Herbert E. Alexander (ed.) Comparative Political Finance in the 1980s, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989
  • NASSMACHER, Karl-Heinz; The Funding of Party Competition: Political Finance in 25 Democracies, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 2009
  • OECD Report, Financing Democracy: Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns and the Risk of Policy Capture, OECD Publishing, Paris, (2016), (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264249455-en.
  • Office of Democracy and Governance, Money in Politics Handbook: A Guide To Increasing Transparency in Emerging Democracies, Technical Publication Series, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, 2003, (online) www.u4.no/recommended-reading/money-in-politics-handbook-a-guide-to-increasing-transparancy-in-emerging-democracies/
  • OHMAN, Magnus; Political Finance Regulations Around the World: An Overview of the International IDEA Database, Trydells Forum, Sweden, 2012, p. 11-45. (online) http://www.idea.int/political-finance.
  • OLSON, Keith W.; Watergate: The Presidential Scandal That Shook America, University Press of Kansas, 2003
  • ÖZKAN, Azzem; Ülkemiz Siyasi Partilerinde Muhasebe Kayıt Düzeni ve Denetimi, Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, Yıl 2, Sayı 7, 2002
  • PALTIEL, Khayyam Z.; Political Finance, in Vernon BOGDONAR (ed.), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Institutions, Blackwell Publishing, 1987
  • PINTO-DUSCHINSKY, Michael; Financing Politics: A Global View, Journal of Democracy 13(4), October 2002
  • PORTA, Donatella Della; A Judges’ Revolution, Political Corruption and the Judiciary in Italy, European Journal of Political Research 39 (1), January, 2001
  • ROBINSON, Mark (ed.); Corruption and Development, Frank Cass Publishers, London, 1998
  • ROSE-ACKERMAN, Susan; Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, Reform, Cambridge University Press, 1999
  • SAKA, Abdulkadir; Siyasi Partiler Hukuku Açısından Siyasi Partilerin Finansmanı, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2013
  • SCARROW, Susan E.; Political Finance in Comparative Perspective, Annual Review, Political Science, V. 10, 2007
  • SPECK, Bruno Wilhelm; Money in Politics: Sound Political Competition and Trust in Government, OECD, Paris, 14-15 November 2013
  • TACAR, Pulat; Siyasetin Finansmanı, Doruk Yayınları, Ankara, 1997
  • TARAKTAŞ, Abdurrahman/ Canatay HACIKÖYLÜ; Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçiminde Adaylara Yapılan Bağış ve Yardım Uygulamasının Değerlendirilmesi, Uluslararası Antalya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 3, Sayı: 5, Haziran 2015
  • USAID, Foreign Aid in The National Interest: Promoting Freedom, Security and Opportunity, 2002. (online) pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pdabv901.pdf.
  • UZUN, Cem D.; Siyasi Partilerin Finansmanı, Seta Analiz, Sayı:110, Kasım 2014
  • WALDMAN, Michael; Political Accountability, Campaign Finance, and Regulatory Reform, 18 North Carolina Banking Institute, 2013
  • WALECKI, Marcin; Challenging the Norms and Standards of Election Administration: Political Finance Standards, IFES, 2005
  • WALECKI, Marcin; Political Money and Corruption, IFES Political Finance White Paper Series, 2004, (online) Walecki IFES White Paper on Political Money and Corruption.pdf.
  • YÜKSEL, Cüneyt; Devlette Etik: Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Kamu Yönetiminde Etik, Yasal Altyapı ve Uluslararası Uygulamalar, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, Istanbul, 2010
  • YÜKSEL, Cüneyt; An International Comparison of Legislative Ethics, Annales de la Faculte de Droit d’Istanbul, V. 38, No: 55, 2006
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cüneyt Yüksel This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 37 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yüksel, C. (2017). Political Finance in Turkey Within the Context of International Law, Regulations and Practices. Milletlerarası Hukuk Ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni, 37(2), 874-910.
AMA Yüksel C. Political Finance in Turkey Within the Context of International Law, Regulations and Practices. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni. December 2017;37(2):874-910.
Chicago Yüksel, Cüneyt. “Political Finance in Turkey Within the Context of International Law, Regulations and Practices”. Milletlerarası Hukuk Ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni 37, no. 2 (December 2017): 874-910.
EndNote Yüksel C (December 1, 2017) Political Finance in Turkey Within the Context of International Law, Regulations and Practices. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni 37 2 874–910.
IEEE C. Yüksel, “Political Finance in Turkey Within the Context of International Law, Regulations and Practices”, Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 874–910, 2017.
ISNAD Yüksel, Cüneyt. “Political Finance in Turkey Within the Context of International Law, Regulations and Practices”. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni 37/2 (December 2017), 874-910.
JAMA Yüksel C. Political Finance in Turkey Within the Context of International Law, Regulations and Practices. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni. 2017;37:874–910.
MLA Yüksel, Cüneyt. “Political Finance in Turkey Within the Context of International Law, Regulations and Practices”. Milletlerarası Hukuk Ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni, vol. 37, no. 2, 2017, pp. 874-10.
Vancouver Yüksel C. Political Finance in Turkey Within the Context of International Law, Regulations and Practices. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni. 2017;37(2):874-910.