Book Review
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Okuma ve Okuyamamanın Nörolojik Hikayesi

Year 2017, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 73 - 81, 03.12.2017

Abstract








Harvard Üniversitesi’nde doktora eğitimini tamamladıktan sonra Tuft Üniversitesi bünyesinde
yönettiği Okuma ve Dil Araştırmaları Merkezi’nde dil ve okuma gelişimini aydınlatmaya yönelik
çalışmalar yürüten Profesör Maryanne Wolf, okumanın tarihteki en kayda değer icatlardan biri olduğunu
söyler. “Okuyan Beynin Bilimi ve Hikayesi: Proust ve Mürekkep Balığı” isimli kitabında Wolf, okumanın
öyküsünü anlatırken bizi beyinin kıvrım ve yolakları arasında uzun bir yolculuğa davet etmekte ve okuma
ediniminin nörolojik alt yapısına ilgi duyan ve sinir bilim terminolojisine aşina okuyucuların sorularına
doyurucu cevaplar sunmaktadır. Yazar okumanın hikayesini anlatmak için beyindeki sinir hücreleri
arasında kurulan ileti yollarında bir keşif gezisine çıkmaktadır. Sinir hücrelerinin çalışma ilkesine yönelik
çok önemli bilgiler 1950’li yıllarda Hodgkin ve Huxley tarafından mürekkep balıklarının dev aksonları
üzerinde yapılan incelemeler sayesinde keşfedilmiştir. Tam da bu nedenle yazar nöronların çalışma
mekanizmasının anlaşılması adına önemli bir hizmette bulunan Mürekkep balığına bir v
efa borcu olarak
kitabın başlığında yer vermiştir. Kitabın başlığında yer alan diğer bir kahraman ise okuma eylemini, adeta
bir çeşit entellektüel “mabet” olarak değerlendiren Fransız Romancı Proust’tur. Wolf okumanın
hikayesine dolaylı yollardan da olsa ışık tutan Mürekkep balığını ve okumanın kıymetini derinlemesine
farketmişProust’ubuhikayeninsembolikkahramanlarıolarakelealmıştır. Elinizdekibumetin,Wolf’un
“Okuyan Beynin Bilimi ve Hikayesi: Proust ve Mürekkep Balığı” kitabında ele aldığı okumanın bilimsel
ve nörolojik hikayesinin tümünü kapsama kaygısı taşımayan ancak bu öyküdeki kritik mesajlara ışık
tutmayı amaçlayan bir değerlendirme yazısıdır. 





















References

  • Bolger, D., Perfetti, C., & Schneider, W. (2005). Cross-cultural effect on the brain revisited: Universal structures plus writing system variation. Human Brain Mapping, 25, 92-104.
  • Miller, J. F., Heilmann, J., Nockerts, A., Iglesias, A., Fabiano, L., & Francis, D. (2006). Oral language and reading in bilingual children. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 21(1), 30–43.
  • Rowe, M.L. (2012). A longitudinal investigation of the role of quantity and quality of child-directed speech in vocabulary development. Child Development, 83, 1762-1774.
  • Shaywitz, S. E., Shaywitz, B. A., Pugh, K.R., Fulbright, R.K., Constable, R.T., Mencl, W.E., Shankweiler, D.P., Liberman, A.M., Skudlarski, P., Fletcher, J.M., et al. (1998). Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 2636–2641.

The Neurological Story of Reading and Reading Difficulties

Year 2017, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 73 - 81, 03.12.2017

Abstract








Professor Maryanne Wolf, who completed her doctoral studies at Harvard University, administers
Tuft University’s Center for Reading and Language Studies, where she conducts studies to explain the
development of language and reading. She says that reading is one of the most remarkable inventions in
history. In her book "Proust and The Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain: " Wolf tells the
story of reading and invites us to a long journey along the folds and pathways of the brain and presents
satisfying answers to the questions of readers who are familiar with the neuroscience terminology and
interested in the neurological background of reading acquisition. The author goes on an exploration trip
through the neural pathways established among nerve cells in order to tell the story of reading. Hodgkin
and Huxley discovered very important information on the working principle of nerve cells in the 1950s
by means of their researches on the giant axons of the squid. For this very reason, the writer has included
“the squid” in the title of her book, to thank to the squid due to its important contributions for
understanding the working mechanism of neurons. Another hero in the title of the book is the French
novelist Proust, who regards reading as a sort of intellectual "shrine". Wolf treated Proust who was deeply
aware of the value of reading and the Squid that illuminated the story of the reading, albeit indirectly, as
the symbolic heroes of this story. This text in your hand does not intent to present a complete coverage
of the Wolf’s book ("Proust and The Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain") on the scientific
and neurological story of reading. Rather, this writing is a review essay that aims to shed light on the
important messages in the book. 




References

  • Bolger, D., Perfetti, C., & Schneider, W. (2005). Cross-cultural effect on the brain revisited: Universal structures plus writing system variation. Human Brain Mapping, 25, 92-104.
  • Miller, J. F., Heilmann, J., Nockerts, A., Iglesias, A., Fabiano, L., & Francis, D. (2006). Oral language and reading in bilingual children. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 21(1), 30–43.
  • Rowe, M.L. (2012). A longitudinal investigation of the role of quantity and quality of child-directed speech in vocabulary development. Child Development, 83, 1762-1774.
  • Shaywitz, S. E., Shaywitz, B. A., Pugh, K.R., Fulbright, R.K., Constable, R.T., Mencl, W.E., Shankweiler, D.P., Liberman, A.M., Skudlarski, P., Fletcher, J.M., et al. (1998). Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 2636–2641.
There are 4 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Book Review
Authors

Sevcan Ayaş Köksal

Publication Date December 3, 2017
Submission Date October 24, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 37 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ayaş Köksal, S. (2017). The Neurological Story of Reading and Reading Difficulties. Studies in Psychology, 37(1), 73-81.
AMA Ayaş Köksal S. The Neurological Story of Reading and Reading Difficulties. Studies in Psychology. December 2017;37(1):73-81.
Chicago Ayaş Köksal, Sevcan. “The Neurological Story of Reading and Reading Difficulties”. Studies in Psychology 37, no. 1 (December 2017): 73-81.
EndNote Ayaş Köksal S (December 1, 2017) The Neurological Story of Reading and Reading Difficulties. Studies in Psychology 37 1 73–81.
IEEE S. Ayaş Köksal, “The Neurological Story of Reading and Reading Difficulties”, Studies in Psychology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 73–81, 2017.
ISNAD Ayaş Köksal, Sevcan. “The Neurological Story of Reading and Reading Difficulties”. Studies in Psychology 37/1 (December 2017), 73-81.
JAMA Ayaş Köksal S. The Neurological Story of Reading and Reading Difficulties. Studies in Psychology. 2017;37:73–81.
MLA Ayaş Köksal, Sevcan. “The Neurological Story of Reading and Reading Difficulties”. Studies in Psychology, vol. 37, no. 1, 2017, pp. 73-81.
Vancouver Ayaş Köksal S. The Neurological Story of Reading and Reading Difficulties. Studies in Psychology. 2017;37(1):73-81.

Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies In Psychology / ISSN- 1304-4680