Türkiye’de Kentsel Alanda Ev Sahibi Topluluklar ve Suriyeli Mülteciler Arasında Yaşanan Sosyoekonomik Uyuşmazlıkta Siyasal Güvenin Rolü

Year 2020, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 579 - 597, 30.09.2020

Halil Pak Zeliha Aslı Elitsoy

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0094

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin kentsel alanlarında yaşayan ev sahibi topluluklar ile Suriyeli mülteciler arasında yaşanan sosyoekonomik uyuşmazlık araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı ev sahibi topluluk üyelerinin kişisel ekonomik tatmin düzeyleri ve mültecilere yönelik sosyoekonomik tehdit algıları arasındaki ilişkide siyasal güvenin aracı rolünü keşfetmektir. Kesitsel anket çalışması yaklaşımıyla ve kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle başta İstanbul, Ankara ve İzmir olmak üzere Türkiye’nin farklı kentsel bölgelerinde yaşayan 243 yerel sakinden çevrimiçi anket programı yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Türkiye’nin siyasal, sosyal ve ekonomik kültürü ve geçmiş çalışmalar göz önünde bulundurularak, bu araştırmanın amaçları doğrultusunda algılanan sosyoekonomik tehdit algısı, kişisel ekonomik tatmin düzeyi, siyasal güven ve kamusal hizmetlerden memnuniyet değişkenleri için ölçüm araçları tasarlanmıştır. Demografik form aracılığıyla da katılımcıların yaş, şehir, eğitim, cinsiyet ve gelir bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır. SPSS programında PROCESS Macro eklentisi üzerinden yeniden örnekleme metodu kullanılarak ve demografik değişkenler (yaş, şehir, eğitim, cinsiyet, gelir) ve kamusal hizmetlerden memnuniyet değişkenleri kontrol edilerek siyasal güvenin dolaylı etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, kişisel ekonomik tatminin siyasal güvenle ve algılanan sosyoekonomik tehditle anlamlı bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, siyasal güvenin sosyoekonomik tehdit algısıyla da anlamlı bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Asıl önemlisi, çalışmanın ana hipotezi olan siyasal güvenin, kişisel ekonomik tatmin ve algılanan sosyoekonomik tehdit ilişkisinde anlamlı bir aracı rolü olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuca göre, düşük kişisel ekonomik tatmin düzeyinin düşük siyasal güvene yol açtığı ve bu durumun da mültecilere yönelik yüksek sosyoekonomik tehdit algısına neden olduğu söylenebilir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, literatürdeki geçmiş çalışmalar, Bütünleşik Tehdit, Gerçekçi Grup Tehdit ve Sistemi Meşrulaştırma Kuramları üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Araştırmanın kısıtları ve gelecek çalışmalar için öneriler çalışmanın tartışma kısmında değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

Bütünleşik Tehdit Kuramı, sosyoekonomik tehdit, kişisel ekonomik tatmin, siyasal güven, ev sahibi topluluk, mülteciler

Socioeconomic Conflict between Host Community and Syrian Refugees in Urban Turkey: The Mediating Role of Political Trust

Abstract

This study investigated socioeconomic conflict between the host community and Syrian refugees in urban Turkey. It was aimed to explore the mediating role of political trust in the relationship between personal economic satisfaction and socioeconomic threat perception toward refugees among the host community. Accordingly, 243 local urban residents from different cities of Turkey including Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir were reached using a cross-sectional survey approach and convenience sample method. Regarding the Turkish political, social and economic culture and previous studies, assessment tools were generated for the purpose of this study to measure socioeconomic threat perception, personal economic satisfaction, political trust, and satisfaction with public policies. The participants’ age, city, education, gender and income information were obtained using a demographic form. Data was collected via an online survey program. Controlling for demographic variables (age, city, education, gender, and income) and satisfaction with public services, the indirect effect of political trust was analyzed using a bootstrapping method via PROCESS Macro plug-in for SPSS. The research findings showed that personal economic satisfaction was significantly associated with political trust and socioeconomic threat perception. Moreover, political trust was also significantly related to socioeconomic threat perception. More importantly, in accordance with the main hypothesis of the study, it was found that political trust mediated the relationship between personal economic satisfaction and socioeconomic threat perception. According to this result, it can be said that less satisfaction with personal economic conditions led to less political trust, which then resulted in greater socioeconomic threat perception toward refugees. The results were discussed in the light of previous findings, Integrated Threat Theory, Realistic Group Threat Theory, and System Justification Theory. Lastly, limitations and suggestions for future research were evaluated in the discussion part of the study.

Keywords

Integrated Threat Theory, socioeconomic threat, personal economic satisfaction, political trust, host community, refugees

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