Avrupa Birliği’nin Üçüncü Ülkelerle Harici Farklılaştırılmış Entegrasyon Modelleri ve Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinin Geleceği: Neoliberal Bir Yaklaşım

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 95 - 120, 14.05.2018

Ebru Turhan

Öz

Hâlihazırda AB’nin siyasi sisteminin önde gelen bir öğesi olan “farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon” kavramına yönelik analizler ve tartışmalar, özellikle geçtiğimiz on sene içerisinde AB’nin hala içinde bulunduğu çok katmanlı kriz dönemi ışığında artmıştır. İlgili çalışmaların çoğu, AB içerisinde vuku bulan farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon ile ilgilenirken, bu kavramın “dış boyutu” olarak nitelendirilen ve üçüncü ülkelerin AB’nin karar alma süreçlerine dahil olmadan AB müktesebatının farklı bölümleri ile farklı derecelerde uyum yakalamaları aracılığıyla meydana gelen “harici farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon” konusunda gerçekleştirilmiş çalışmalar son derece sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, AB ve üçüncü ülkeler arasında harici farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon modellerinin geliştirilmesini neoliberal kuramın temel varsayımları temelinde açıklamayı ve bu kuramsal çerçevede AB ve üçüncü ülkeler arasında hâlihazırda gerçekleştirilen üç harici farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon modelini (Avrupa Ekonomik Alanı, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası ve Stratejik Ortaklık) incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, aynı zamanda, neoliberalizmin odaklandığı “karşılıklı bağımlılık” kavramı ışığında Türkiye-AB ilişkilerinde ve AB katılım müzakereleri sürecinde son dönemde yaşanan gelişmeleri analiz etmektedir ve yakın geçmişte iki taraf arasında hayata geçirilen ikili diyalog mekanizmalarını dikkate alarak Türkiye ile AB arasında üyelik çerçevesinin dışında bir harici farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon modeli oluşturulması ihtimaline değinmektedir. Anahtar 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Farklılaştırılmış Entegrasyon, Neoliberalizm, AB, Avrupa Ekonomik Alanı, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası, Stratejik Ortaklık, Türkiye

Models of Differentiated Integration between the European Union and Third Countries and the Future of Turkey–EU Relations: A Neoliberal Approach

Öz

Studies and debates on the concept of “differentiated integration,” which has been a key feature of the political system of the EU for many decades, have come into prominence in the last decade in view of the multiple crises the EU has been facing. Whereas most of these studies dealt with internal differentiated integration within the EU, only a few studies focused on the “external” dimension of differentiated integration, which could be described as third countries’ differentiated levels of alignment with various parts of the EU’s acquis communautaire without participating in the EU’s central decision-making bodies. This study seeks to examine the development of different models of external differentiated integration between the EU and third countries based on the key premises and assumptions of neoliberalism and by focusing on the following three already established modes of external differentiated integration between the EU and third countries: European Economic Area, European neighborhood Policy, and Strategic Partnership. It further evaluates the latest developments in EU–Turkey relations and Turkey’s EU accession process in light of neoliberalism’s concept of “interdependence” and touches upon the possibility of the formation of a model of external differentiated integration between Turkey and the EU, outside the framework of the accession process by taking into account the recently established bilateral dialog mechanisms. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Differentiated integration, Neoliberalism, EU, European economic area, European neighborhood policy, Strategic partnership, Turkey

Kaynakça

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