Rasyonel Tercih Sosyolojisi Bağlamında James S. Coleman'ın Sosyal Sermaye Kavramı: Eğitime Katılma Yönünden Tartışmalar

Year 2012, Issue: 45, 75 - 123, 05.09.2012

Şenol Baştürk

Abstract

 Rasyonel tercih kavramı son 20 yıldır, sosyologlar arasında ilgi gören bir eğilimdir. Geleneksel olarak rasyonel tercih kavramı, iktisat ve sosyoloji arasındaki disipliner ayrımın bir parçası görülür. Buna göre iktisat rasyonel eylemi konu edinirken, sosyolojinin bu biçimin dışındaki eylem türlerini ve sonuçlarını dikkate aldığı düşünülebilir. Ancak bu geleneksel ayrım 1970'lerden itibaren sosyolojideki büyük teorilerin zaafa uğraması ve eylem teorisinin daha önemli görülmesi sonucu zedelenmiştir. Bu yeni eğilimlerin bir göstergesi olarak rasyonel tercih teorisi, klasik yaklaşımın eksiklerinin tamamlanması konusunda özelikle Anglo – Sakson dünyasında destekçi bulabilmektedir. Rasyonel tercih teorisi içerisinde James S. Coleman çok atıf alan çalışmalarıyla önemli bir isim olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Özellikle eğitime katılma konusunda kullandığı sosyal sermaye modeli, itibar gören bir yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu yaklaşım, rasyonel tercih teorisinin varsayımlarına dayanarak çocuk – ebeveyn arasındaki ilişkiler ve eğitime katılma yönündeki sonuçların rasyonel niyetler ile yürütüldüğüne inanmaktadır. Ancak bu yaklaşım çok sayıda eleştirinin konusu olmuştur ve Coleman'ın sosyal sermaye kavramının eğitime katılma sürecini fazla basitleştirdiği ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalışma söz konusu eleştirilerden hareketle, sosyal sermaye kavramının eğitime katılmayı açıklama konusundaki potansiyel zayıflıklarına odaklanmayı hedeflemektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler: Rasyonel tercih sosyolojisi, eğitime katılma, sosyal sermaye, James S. Coleman 

Keywords

Rasyonel tercih sosyolojisi, eğitime katılma, sosyal sermaye

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