Changes of Scientific Productivity in Japan from 1975 to 2010: Focusing on Second-tier Research Universities* Kazunori Shima**
Abstract
This study shows changes in scientific productivity in Japan. After Japan
became the second largest country in science production in the 1990s, Japan’s position
declined to fifth in 2010. National universities are the core of science production, and
from 1995–2000, national universities, who are not among the top 10, expanded their
number of articles published as much as those among the top 10 national universities.
However, under decreases in basic governmental block grants from 2005 and the
expansion of competitive funds, the number of articles published by universities who
were not among the top 10 stagnated, especially, the number of articles published by
second-tier research universities decreased. From this result, I show the importance of
second-tier research universities for science production as a country; furthermore, I
demonstrate that competitive funds are not a panacea for science production.
Keywords
Scientific productivity Japan National university Research university Competitive funds Block grants
References
- Baker, David P., John T. Crist, Liang Zhang, Justin J. W. Powell, Kazunori Shima, and Manfred Stock. 2015. “Science Productivity, Higher Education Development, and the Knowledge Society (SPHERE Project).” Qatar National Research Fund, NPRP Report: 5-1021-5-159.
- Bornmann, L. and Mutz, R., 2015, “Growth Rates of Modern Science: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on the Number of Publications and Cited References,” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/asi.23329.
- Cole, S. and Phelan, T. J., 1999, “The Scientific Productivity of Nations.” Minerva, 37, pp.1-23.
- Drucker, P. F., 1968, The Age of Discontinuity: Guidelines to changing society. New York: Harper & Row.
- Ida, T. and Fukuzawa, N., 2013, “Effects of Large-Scale Research Funding Programs: A Japanese Case Study”, Scientometrics, 94(3) pp.1253–1273.
- Kobayashi, S., 2005, “Chishikino Sozoukyoten toshiteno Kokuritsu Daigaku,” The Japan Association of National Universities (Ed.), “21seiki Nihon to Kokuritsu Daigaku no Yakuwari,” JANU Quarterly Report, The Japan Association of National Universities, pp.1–21.(in Japanese)
- Meo, S.A., Al Masri, A.A, Usman, A.M., Memon, A. M., and Zaidi, S. Z., 2013, “Impact of GDP, Spending on R&D, Number of Universities and Scientific journals on Research Publications among Asian Countries,”PLOS One, 8(10), e66449.
- Meo, S.A., Usman, A.M., Vohra, M.S. and Bukhari, I.A., 2013, “Impact of GDP, spending on R&D, number of universities and scientific journals on research publications in pharmacological sciences in Middle East”, European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 17, pp.2697-2705.
- OECD. 2013, Science, Technology and Industry Scorecard. Retrieved April 11, 2015 from http://www.oecdilibrary.org/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technologyand-industry-scoreboard-2013_sti_scoreboard-2013-en
- Saka, A., and Kuwahara, T., 2012a, “Benchmarking Research and Development Capacity of Japanese Universities 2011: Improving universities research activities by identifying characteristics and strength of each university,” National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), MEXT. (in Japanese)
- Saka, A., and Kuwahara, T., 2012b, “Benchmarking Scientific Research 2011: Bibliometric analysis on dynamic alteration of research activity in the world and Japan,” National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), MEXT. (in Japanese)
- Saka, A., and Kuwahara, T., 2013, “Benchmarking Scienetific Research 2012: Bibliometric analysis on dynamic alteration of research activity in the world and Japan,” National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), MEXT. (in Japanese)
- Schofer, E., 2004, “Cross-national Differences in the Expansion of Science, 1970- 1990,” Social Forces, 83(1), pp.215-248.
- Shima, K., 2011a, “Research Function of National Universities by Types of University,” R.I.H.E. (Ed.), “Empirical Study on Functions of National Universities,” Strategic Research Project Series 3, pp.33–38. (in Japanese)
- Shima, K., 2011b, “Functions and Self-Images of National Universities,” R.I.H.E. (Ed.), “The Universalization of Higher Education Systems and the Diversification of Universities: Proceedings of the 38th R.I.H.E Annual Study Meeting”, Reviews in Higher Education, 113, pp.33–38. (in Japanese)
- Shima, K, 2012, “Changes in national university finances in Japan: After incorporation,” Japanese Journal of Higher Education Research, No.15, pp.49–70. (in Japanese)
- Teodorescu, D., 2000, “Correlates of faculty publication productivity: A crossnational analysis,” Higher Education, 39, pp.201–222.
Changes of Scientific Productivity in Japan from 1975 to 2010: Focusing on Second-tier Research Universities* Kazunori Shima**
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Japonya’daki bilimsel üretimdeki değişimi konu edinmektedir.
Japonya 90’larda ikinci büyük bilimsel üretim merkezi haline gelmesinin ardından,
2010’da beşinci sıraya kadar düşmüştür. Ulusal üniversiteler, bu bilimsel üretimin
ana kurumlarıdır ve 1995-2000 arasında bu kurumlar, ki hiçbirisi ilk onda değildir,
ilk ondaki ulusal üniversiteler kadar bilimsel makale yayımını arrttırmışlardır. Fakat,
2005 itibariyle devlet ödeneklerinin azalması ile ilk onda yer almayan üniversitelerde
yayımlana makale sayısı sabitlenmiş, bilhassa ikinci sınıf üniversitelerce yayımlanan
makale sayısı ise azalmıştır. Burada, ikinci sınıf üniversitelerin bir ülkenin bilimsel
üretimi için ne denli önemli olduğunu ve rekabete dayalı fonların bilimsel üretime
care olmadığını göstermekteyim.
Keywords
Bilimsel üretim Japonya Ulusal üniversite araştırma üniversitesi rekabete dayalı fonlar Blok fonlar
References
- Baker, David P., John T. Crist, Liang Zhang, Justin J. W. Powell, Kazunori Shima, and Manfred Stock. 2015. “Science Productivity, Higher Education Development, and the Knowledge Society (SPHERE Project).” Qatar National Research Fund, NPRP Report: 5-1021-5-159.
- Bornmann, L. and Mutz, R., 2015, “Growth Rates of Modern Science: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on the Number of Publications and Cited References,” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/asi.23329.
- Cole, S. and Phelan, T. J., 1999, “The Scientific Productivity of Nations.” Minerva, 37, pp.1-23.
- Drucker, P. F., 1968, The Age of Discontinuity: Guidelines to changing society. New York: Harper & Row.
- Ida, T. and Fukuzawa, N., 2013, “Effects of Large-Scale Research Funding Programs: A Japanese Case Study”, Scientometrics, 94(3) pp.1253–1273.
- Kobayashi, S., 2005, “Chishikino Sozoukyoten toshiteno Kokuritsu Daigaku,” The Japan Association of National Universities (Ed.), “21seiki Nihon to Kokuritsu Daigaku no Yakuwari,” JANU Quarterly Report, The Japan Association of National Universities, pp.1–21.(in Japanese)
- Meo, S.A., Al Masri, A.A, Usman, A.M., Memon, A. M., and Zaidi, S. Z., 2013, “Impact of GDP, Spending on R&D, Number of Universities and Scientific journals on Research Publications among Asian Countries,”PLOS One, 8(10), e66449.
- Meo, S.A., Usman, A.M., Vohra, M.S. and Bukhari, I.A., 2013, “Impact of GDP, spending on R&D, number of universities and scientific journals on research publications in pharmacological sciences in Middle East”, European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 17, pp.2697-2705.
- OECD. 2013, Science, Technology and Industry Scorecard. Retrieved April 11, 2015 from http://www.oecdilibrary.org/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technologyand-industry-scoreboard-2013_sti_scoreboard-2013-en
- Saka, A., and Kuwahara, T., 2012a, “Benchmarking Research and Development Capacity of Japanese Universities 2011: Improving universities research activities by identifying characteristics and strength of each university,” National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), MEXT. (in Japanese)
- Saka, A., and Kuwahara, T., 2012b, “Benchmarking Scientific Research 2011: Bibliometric analysis on dynamic alteration of research activity in the world and Japan,” National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), MEXT. (in Japanese)
- Saka, A., and Kuwahara, T., 2013, “Benchmarking Scienetific Research 2012: Bibliometric analysis on dynamic alteration of research activity in the world and Japan,” National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), MEXT. (in Japanese)
- Schofer, E., 2004, “Cross-national Differences in the Expansion of Science, 1970- 1990,” Social Forces, 83(1), pp.215-248.
- Shima, K., 2011a, “Research Function of National Universities by Types of University,” R.I.H.E. (Ed.), “Empirical Study on Functions of National Universities,” Strategic Research Project Series 3, pp.33–38. (in Japanese)
- Shima, K., 2011b, “Functions and Self-Images of National Universities,” R.I.H.E. (Ed.), “The Universalization of Higher Education Systems and the Diversification of Universities: Proceedings of the 38th R.I.H.E Annual Study Meeting”, Reviews in Higher Education, 113, pp.33–38. (in Japanese)
- Shima, K, 2012, “Changes in national university finances in Japan: After incorporation,” Japanese Journal of Higher Education Research, No.15, pp.49–70. (in Japanese)
- Teodorescu, D., 2000, “Correlates of faculty publication productivity: A crossnational analysis,” Higher Education, 39, pp.201–222.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Sociology |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 3, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2015 Volume: 3 Issue: 30 |
