<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1304-0103</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2548-0405</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Istanbul University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Political Science</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Siyaset Bilimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>The Place of R&amp;D and Education Policies in South Korea’s Economic Development</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Güney Kore’nin Ekonomik Gelişiminde Ar-Ge ve Eğitim Politikalarının Yeri</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kavurmacı</surname>
                                    <given-names>Aslı</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20180712">
                    <day>07</day>
                    <month>12</month>
                    <year>2018</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>74</issue>
                                        <fpage>51</fpage>
                                        <lpage>64</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20180508">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>08</month>
                        <year>2018</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20180523">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2018</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1948, Journal of Social Policy Conferences</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1948</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Social Policy Conferences</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Undoubtedly, one of the influential factors in the economic development of a country is its educated and skilled human resources. A meaningful relationship between education and level of development has required countries to determine a national science and technology policy. In this context, it would not be wrong to argue that increased intellectual capital, high numbers of published scientific articles, number of patents set in universities and research centers, and expenditures of R&amp;amp;D affect the level of a country’s development in terms of intellectual context. Aiming to create a qualified workforce with the guidance of technology and education, Korea puts this goal into practice by following the innovations in all education levels from primary education to university level and by giving priority to these innovations in most cases. Briefly, the aim of this study is to emphasize that education and R&amp;amp;D policies have been an important driving force behind Korea’s development.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Hiç kuşkusuz ki ülkelerin ekonomik açıdan kalkınmalarının en önemli etkenlerinden biri eğitim ve sahip oldukları nitelikli insan kaynağıdır. Eğitim düzeyi ile kalkınma arasındaki anlamlı ilişki, ülkelerin ulusal bir bilim ve teknoloji politikası belirlemesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu bağlamda entelektüel sermayenin arttırılması, daha fazla bilimsel makalenin yayınlanması, üniversite ve araştırma merkezlerinde ortaya koyulan patent sayısının yükselmesi, araştırma ve geliştirme harcamalarının arttırılması ülkelerin insan sermayesi bağlamında gelişmişlik düzeylerinin bir göstergesi olduğunu savunmak yanlış olmayacaktır. Teknoloji ve eğitimin rehberliği ile nitelikli bir işgücü yaratmayı hedefleyen Kore, ilköğretimden üniversiteye kadar tüm eğitim düzeylerindeki yenilikleri takip ederek ve çoğu durumda bu yeniliklere öncelik vererek uygulamaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı özetle, eğitimin ve Ar-Ge politikalarının, Kore’nin gelişiminin ardındaki önemli bir itici güç olduğunu vurgulamaktır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>South Korea</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Educational policies</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  R&amp;D policies</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Economic developments</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Güney Kore</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Eğitim politikaları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  AR-GE politikaları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ekonomik gelişme</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Amsden, A. H. (1989). Asia’s next giant South Korea and late industrialization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. (2007). Korea: SME technology innovation development program. Retrieved April 10, 2018 from http://www.apec-smeic.org/newsletter/newsletter_read.jsp?SEQ=301</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Atay, E. (2012). Innovation actors in South Korea: An analysis of university, industry and government research centers. The Journal of Knowledge Economy &amp; Knowledge Management, 7(2), 175‒191.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Atay, E. (2013). Kore ve Türkiye’de yönetim. In E. Atay &amp; G. Karsan (Eds.), Türkiye ve Güney Kore’de entelektüel sermaye gelişimi (pp. 127‒159). İstanbul: Avrasya Enstitüsü Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çalışır, M., &amp; Gümez, A. (2010). Teknoloji politikaları çerçevesinde ekonomik gelişim: Türkiye– Güney Kore karşılaştırması. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 5(1), 23‒55.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chung, E. Y. J. (2015). Korean Confucianism: Tradition and modernity. Korea: The Academy of Korean Studies Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gönel, F. D. (2000). Kore kalkınma deneyimi içerisinde insan gücü sermayesinin rolü ve önemi. Retrieved January 18, 2017 from http://www.arastirmax.com/tr/system/files/dergiler/140013/ makaleler/40/1/arastrmx_140013_40_pp_136-143.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gupta, N., Healey, D. W., Stein, A. M., &amp; Shipp, S. S. (2013) Innovation policies of South Korea. Virginia: Institute for Defense.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Keçeli, Y. (2013). Kore ve Türkiye’de yönetim. In E. Atay &amp; G. Karsan (Eds.), Kore ve Türkiye’deki üniversite sistemlerinin kıyaslanması ve Yeongushil kavramı üzerine (pp. 241‒249). İstanbul: Avrasya Enstitüsü Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kim, C. K. (2008). Korea’s development policy experience and implications for developing countries. Korea: KIEP Pub.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kim, D. O., &amp; Bae, J. S. (2004). Employment relations and HRM in South Korea. UK: Ashgate Pub. Ltd.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kim, G. J. (2002). Education policies and reform in South Korea, The World Bank. Africa Region Human Development Working Paper Series, 29‒40.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Knoema. (2016). World data atlas. Retrieved April 14, 2018 from https://knoema.com/atlas/ RepublicofKorea/topics/ResearchandDevelopment/RandD-Expenditure/Scientific-andtechnical-journal-articles</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Koh Y. S., &amp; Il, S. K. (Eds.). (2010). The Korean economy: Six decades of growth and development. Korea: Korea Development Institute.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Korea Labor Institute. (2017). Population and employment data (Major Economic Indicators Data). Retrieved May 27, 2018 from https://www.kli.re.kr/kli_eng/selectBbsNttList.do?bbsNo=35&amp;key=381</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Korea Technopark Associations. (2018). Retrieved April 10, 2018 from http://www.technopark.kr/ Korean Council for University Education. (2015). Bringing change and innovation to universities 2015-2016. Seoul: Korean Council for University Education. Retrieved April 13, 2018 from http://english.kcue.or.kr/img/pdf_150518.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kwon, K. S. (2010). Universities’ academic research and knowledge-transfer activities in a catchup country: The case of Korea (Doctoral dissertation). University of Sussex, UK.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lee, C. J. (2006). The development of education in Korea: Past achievement and current challenges. Papr presented at the World Bank East Asia Study Tour for Senior African Education Policy Makers Conference. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/278200-1121703274255/1439264-1153425508901/Development_Education_Korea.ppt</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Levent, F., &amp; Gökkaya, Z. (2014). Education policies underlying South Korea’s economic success. Journal Plus Education, 10(1), 275‒291.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ministry of Education. (2017). Education in Korea. Retrieved March 22, 2018 from http://english. moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=282&amp;boardSeq=72461&amp;lev=0&amp;searchType=null&amp;statusYN=W&amp;page=1&amp;s=english&amp;m=0303&amp;opType=N</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ministry of Employment and Labor. (2017). Major statistics. Retrieved May 26, 2018 from http:// www.moel.go.kr/english/pas/pasMajor.jsp</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ministry of Science and ICT. (2015). The 5th science and technology foresight. Retrieved March 24, 2018 from http://msip.go.kr/SYNAP/skin/doc.html?fn=77108b814b7aca9aeaea00d09d9f9a8c&amp;rs=/ SYNAP/sn3hcv/result/201805/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">National Library of Korea. (2017). Annual Report of 2016 (Conference of Directors of National Libraries in Asia and Oceania Annual meeting of 2017). Retrieved March 28, 2018 from http:// www.ndl.go.jp/en/cdnlao/meetings/pdf/AR2017_Korea.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">NTIS. (2014). Statistics of R&amp;D expenditure. Retrieved May 26, 2018 from http://www.ntis.go.kr/ en/GpExpenditureTotal.do</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Oğuztürk, B. S. (2011). Güney Kore’nin kalkınmasına inovasyonun rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 3(5), 48‒53.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2016). Education at a glance 2016: OECD indicators. Paris: Author. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag2016-en</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sleziak, T. (2013). The role of Confucianism in contemporary South Korean society. Rocznik Orientalistyczny/Yearbook of Oriental Studies, 66(1), 27‒46.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Suh, J. H. (2010). Empirical analysis of university patenting in Korea. KDI Journal of Economic Policy. http://www.kdi.re.kr/kdi_eng/publication/other_article_policy.jsp?pub_no=11724&amp;art_ no=1977&amp;mcd=002008</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tafesse, T. (2014). Public private partnership in development: Lessons in devising legal and institutional framework from South Korea. Public Policy and Administration Research, 3(4), 50‒57.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">The National Institute for Lifelong Education. (2015). The national institute for lifelong education in Korea (NILE) information booklets. Retrieved March 22, 2018 from http://203.235.44.44:7010/ eng/_upload/7422720160118150034.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Times Higher Education. (2018). World university ranking. Retrieved April 9, 2018 from https:// www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/sungkyunkwan-university-skku UNESCO. (2014). From the UNESCO Science Report. Retrieved April 13, 2018 from https:// en.unesco.org/node/252282</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Usher, A. (2014). The Korean academic credit bank: A model for credit transfer in North America? Toronto: Higher Education Strategy Associates.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">White Paper. (2014). 2014 white paper on ICT in education Korea. Korea Education and Research Information Service (KERIS). Retrieved December 8, 2015 from http://english.keris.or.kr/ whitepaper/WhitePaper_eng_2014.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">World Bank. (2016). GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$). Retrieved May 28, 2018 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KR World Intellectual Property Organizations. (2017).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">World intellectual property indicators 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2018 from http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_941_2017.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
