Short-Time Working Practices in European Union Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2022, Issue: 82, 195 - 221, 30.06.2022

Yeliz Polat

https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.986549

Abstract

During the global Covid-19 pandemic crisis, many countries, especially European countries, placed the practice of short-time work, which is a passive employment policy, at the center of labor market measures. Fundamental factors, such as application procedures and principles, eligibility requirements, duration, the amount of allowance, and social security contributions differ between countries. In addition, to minimize the negative effects of the crisis, which affected all labor markets, relaxation of regulations regarding the practice of short-time working brought international practices closer together. This study investigated the similarities and differences of the short-time working practices in European Union member countries during the pandemic crisis, evaluating current and potential reverberations in labor markets. Consequently, it is clearly inevitable and necessary to extend the regulations regarding short-time working practices, which has an important role in protecting employment during general economic crises.

Keywords

Covid-19 pandemic, Short-time working, Short-time working allowance, Global crisis, European Union

Covid-19 Salgını Döneminde Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerindeki Kısa Çalışma Uygulamaları

Abstract

Dünya geneline yayılan Covid-19 salgınıyla birlikte yaşanan küresel krizde, başta Avrupa ülkeleri olmak üzere birçok ülke, işgücü piyasalarına yönelik önlemlerin merkezine pasif bir istihdam politikası olan kısa çalışma uygulamasını yerleştirmiştir. Bu uygulamaya yönelik başvuru usul ve esasları, hak kazanma koşulları, ödeneğin süresi ile miktarı, sosyal güvenlik primleri gibi temel unsurlar ülkeler arasında farklılık göstermektedir. Bununla beraber işgücü piyasalarının neredeyse tamamını etkileyen krizin olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirmek amacıyla kısa çalışma uygulamasına yönelik düzenlemelerin esnetilmesi, ülke uygulamalarını birbirine yakınlaştırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, mevcut krizle birlikte Avrupa Birliği ülkelerindeki kısa çalışma uygulamalarının benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları ele alınarak, bunların işgücü piyasalarına mevcut ve olası yansımaları değerlendirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda genel ekonomik krizler esnasında istihdamın ve işlerin korunmasında önemli rol üstlenen kısa çalışma uygulamasına yönelik düzenlemelerin esnetilmesinin kaçınılmaz ve gerekli olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Covid-19 salgını, Kısa çalışma uygulaması, Kısa çalışma ödeneği, Küresel kriz, Avrupa Birliği

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