Filistin Baharı Gerçekleşti mi? Filistin’deki Kayıp On Yıl

Year 2018, Issue: 67, 151 - 176, 11.07.2018

Philipp O. Amour

Abstract

DOI: 10.26650/TurkJHist.2018.384983

Filistin’in siyasi sistemi, Fetih ve Hamas
arasında devam eden politik ve ideolojik kavga nedeniyle 2007 yılından bu yana
sıkışmış vaziyettedir. Filistin’in işgal edilmiş toprakları, Batı Şeria’yı
yöneten Filistin Ulusal Otoritesi (PNA) ile Gazze Şeridi’ni kontrol eden Hamas
arasında siyasi olarak ikiye bölünmüştür. Sözkonusu stratejik çerçeve rakip iki
grubun hegemonik pozisyonları dikkate alındığında hem Filistin siyasetinde hem
de sivil alanda yıkıcı etkilere sebep olmuştur. Karşılıklı düşmanlık ve ulusal
uzlaşmaya varma konusundaki isteksizlik, 2010 yılından bu yana başkanlık ve
yasama seçimlerini kesintiye uğratarak Filistin davasını uluslararası alanda
zayıflattı. Arap Baharı hareketi başlangıçta Filistinlilere devrimsel bir
uyarıcı ve iç siyasette mücadele etmek için stratejik bir pencere sundu. Ancak
geçmişe bakıldığında, Filistin Baharı, talep edilen politik-ekonomik reformlara
ulaşmada ve Fetih ile Hamas’ın ulusal birliğini gerçekleştirmede kısa süreli ve
etkisiz kaldığını kanıtladı. Makale diğer faktörlerin yanında iki ana faktör
önermektedir: (1) ulusal projenin fiyaskosu ve bunun sonucu olarak toplumsal
hareket tarafından öykünülecek hiyerarşik ve örgütsel bir rol modelinin eksikliği;
(2) ve Filistin davasının, halkın sıkıntısını absorbe eden ve devrimci
liderliklere karşı radikal bir devrimci değişim (kitlesel Filistin toplumsal
hareketi) olasılığını azaltan işgalci bağlamı.

Keywords

Arap Baharı, Filistin Baharı, Üçüncü İntifada, İsrail, PLO, PNA, Fetih, Hamas, Ortadoğu, Kayıp on yıl, Fetih-Hamas ayrılığı

DID A PALESTINE SPRING TAKE PLACE? THE LOST DECADE IN PALESTINE

Abstract

DOI: 10.26650/TurkJHist.2018.384983

The Palestinian political system has been
struck since 2007 by political and ideological feuding between Fatah and Hamas.
The occupied Palestinian territories (OPT) have been politically divided
between the PNA-governed West Bank and Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip. This
strategic framework has destructive implications for Palestinian politics and
civil space given the hegemonic positions of both rival factions.
Inter-movement enmity and the lack of willingness to reach national
reconciliation have stalled presidential and legislative elections since 2010
and debilitated the Palestinian cause in the international arena. The Arab
Spring movement, in its initial state, delivered to Palestinians a
revolutionary stimulus and a strategic window to challenge domestic politics.
In retrospect, however, the Palestine Spring proved to be short-lived and
ineffective in achieving the demanded politico-economic reforms and national
unification of Fatah and Hamas. The article suggests two main factors, among
others: (1) the fiasco of the national movement / project and as a result the
lack of a hierarchical and organizational role model for the social movement to
emulate and (2) the occupational context of the Palestinian case that absorbs
public discomfort and decreases the possibility of a mass social movement (a
far-reaching Palestine Spring) against historical leadership.

Keywords

Fatah, Hamas, Palestine Spring, Third Intifada, Reconciliation, Division

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