Babesiosis As a Potential Hazard in Animal Production and Its Global Emerging Zoonotic Threat for One Health

Year 2024, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 110 - 118, 30.06.2024

Sara Ijaz Muhammad Hussain Ghazali Asim Faraz Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq Syeda Maryam Faizan Saleem Sehrish Tariq Nida Irshad Sitwat Tahira Shama Jamil Raheel Khan Ayesha Sharif Asma Akram Chanda Liaqat Khoullah Fayyaz

Abstract

Babesiosis is a lethal illness spread by ticks that affects both humans and animals globally. The livestock industry is severely impacted and is experiencing severe financial losses. The common species that cause babesiosis in cattle are Babesia B. bovis and B. bigemina. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) species are the primary vectors for B. bovis and B. bigemina. The two main mechanisms that Babesia species use to cause acute illness are circulatory disruption and hemolysis. Animals with the infection experience an increase in body temperature, anorexia, trouble breathing, weakness, anemia, and jaundice. The complicated link between the causal agent, host, and vector has made the development of a vaccine for bovine babesiosis difficult because the condition is transmitted by ticks. Another recent problem that needs to be addressed is human babesiosis. In numerous regions of the world, zoonotic babesiosis represents a significant health danger. Due to its development, it is imperative that effective control measures be put in place to stop it from spreading over this area. This study demonstrates the sharp rise in the disease's prevalence around the globe and the urgent necessity for developing efficient plans and early detection techniques. This review also examines zoonotic Babesia species and provides a thorough overview of those species that have been linked to both animal and human infections. There have been 11 investigations that have found zoonotic Babesia species in animals, while 16 have found them in people. To ensure one health approach, this ailment must be effectively controlled.

Keywords

Babesia, Hemolysis, Zoonotic, One Health

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