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Cappadocia: The Effects of Tourist Motivation on Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 35 - 48, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0033

Abstract

The present study investigates how the motivations of foreign tourists visiting the Cappadocia region in Turkey affect their satisfaction and destination loyalty. The research was conducted using a questionnaire, which was answered by 363 foreign tourists visiting Cappadocia. First, the main factors in tourists’ motivation for travel were determined. These motivation factors and satisfaction and destination loyalty intention scales were used to conduct multiple regression analyses. The results suggest that three categories of tourist motivations (‘novelty and learning’, ‘escape and relaxation’, and ‘socialization’) had a direct correlation with satisfaction, while two (‘novelty and learning’ and ‘escape and relaxation’) had a direct correlation with destination loyalty. This work has implications for destination managers and tourism businesses, and we conclude with suggestions for future studies.

Supporting Institution

The author declared that this study has received no financial support.

References

  • Alrawadieh, Z., Prayag, G., Alrawadieh, Z., & Alsalameen, M. (2019). Self-identification with a heritage tourism site, visitors’ engagement and destination loyalty: the mediating effects of overall satisfaction. The Service Industries Journal, 39(7-8), 541–558.
  • Andreu, L., Kozak, M., Avci, N., & Cifter, N. (2006). Market segmentation by motivations to travel: British tourists visiting Turkey. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 19(1), 1–14.
  • Beerli, A., & Martin, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of tourism research, 31(3), 657–681.
  • Björk, P., & Kauppinen-Räisänen, H. (2016). Local food: a source for destination attraction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(1), 177–194.
  • Brandano, M. G., Osti, L., & Pulina, M. (2019). How motivations and satisfaction influence wine tourists’ loyalty? An analysis of the Italian case. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(1), 55–69.
  • Chiang, C. C., Wang, M. Y., Lee, C. F., & Chen, Y. C. (2015). Assessing travel motivations of cultural tourists: A factor-cluster segmentation analysis. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 36(3), 269–282.
  • Chon, K. S. (1989). Understanding recreational traveler’s motivation, attitude and satisfaction. The tourist review, 44(1), 3–7.
  • Coban, G., & Yildiz, O. S. (2019). Developing a destination management model: Case of Cappadocia. Tourism Management Perspectives, 30, 117–128.
  • Coban, S. (2012). The effects of the image of destination on tourist satisfaction and loyalty: The case of Cappadocia. European Journal of Social Sciences, 29(2), 222–232.
  • Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., & Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities. Current issues in Tourism, 17(10), 872–909.
  • Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of tourism research, 6(4), 408424.
  • Do Valle, P. O., Silva, J. A., Mendes, J., & Guerreiro, M. (2006). Tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty intention: a structural and categorical analysis. International Journal of Business Science & Applied Management (IJBSAM), 1(1), 25–44.
  • Erdogan, N., & Tosun, C. (2009). Environmental performance of tourism accommodations in the protected areas: Case of Goreme Historical National Park. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(3), 406–414.
  • Farmaki, A., Khalilzadeh, J., & Altinay, L. (2019). Travel motivation and demotivation within politically unstable nations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 118–130.
  • Fullerton, R. A. (2013). The birth of consumer behavior: Motivation research in the 1940s and 1950s. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 5(2), 212–222.
  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Hallowell, R. (1996). The relationships of customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability: an empirical study. International journal of service industry management, 7(4), 27–42.
  • Hsu, C. H., Cai, L. A., & Li, M. (2010). Expectation, motivation, and attitude: A tourist behavioral model. Journal of travel research, 49(3), 282–-296.
  • Huang, S., & Hsu, C. H. (2009). Effects of travel motivation, past experience, perceived constraint, and attitude on revisit intention. Journal of Travel Research, 48(1), 29–44.
  • Huang, S., & Hsu, C. H. (2009). Effects of travel motivation, past experience, perceived constraint, and attitude on revisit intention. Journal of travel research, 48(1), 29–44.
  • Jalilvand, M. R., Samiei, N., Dini, B., & Manzari, P. Y. (2012). Examining the structural relationships of electronic word of mouth, destination image, tourist attitude toward destination and travel intention: An integrated approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1(1-2), 134–143.
  • Jang, S., Bai, B., Hu, C., & Wu, C. M. E. (2009). Affect, travel motivation, and travel intention: A senior market. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 33(1), 51–73.
  • Li, M., & Cai, L. A. (2012). The effects of personal values on travel motivation and behavioral intention. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 473–487.
  • Mathwick, C., Malhotra, N. K., & Rigdon, E. (2002). The effect of dynamic retail experiences on experiential perceptions of value: an Internet and catalog comparison. Journal of retailing, 78(1), 51–60.
  • Mill, R. C., & Morrison, A. M. (2002). The tourism system: An introductory text (4th ed.). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
  • Özel, Ç. H., & Kozak, N. (2017). An exploratory study of resident perceptions toward the tourism industry in Cappadocia: A Social Exchange Theory approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(3), 284–300.
  • Patwardhan, V., Ribeiro, M. A., Payini, V., Woosnam, K. M., Mallya, J., & Gopalakrishnan, P. (2019). Visitors’ Place Attachment and Destination Loyalty: Examining the Roles of Emotional Solidarity and Perceived Safety. Journal of Travel Research, 0047287518824157.
  • Pearce, P. L., & Caltabiano, M. (1983). Inferring travel motivation from travelers’ experience. Journal of Travel Research, 12, 16–20.
  • Pearce, P. L., & Lee, U. I. (2005). Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation. Journal of travel research, 43(3), 226–237.
  • Prayag, G. (2012). Senior travelers’ motivations and future behavioral intentions: The case of nice. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(7), 665–681.
  • Prayag, G., & Ryan, C. (2011). The relationship between the ‘push’and ‘pull’factors of a tourist destination: The role of nationality–an analytical qualitative research approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(2), 121–143.
  • Prayag, G., & Ryan, C. (2012). Antecedents of tourists’ loyalty to Mauritius: The role and influence of destination image, place attachment, personal involvement, and satisfaction. Journal of travel research, 51(3), 342–356.
  • Prayag, G., Chen, N., & Del Chiappa, G. (2018). Domestic tourists to Sardinia: motivation, overall attitude, attachment, and behavioural intentions. Anatolia, 29(1), 84–97.
  • Rita, P., Brochado, A., & Dimova, L. (2019). Millennials’ travel motivations and desired activities within destinations: A comparative study of the US and the UK. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(16), 2034–2050.
  • Sastre, R. P., & Phakdee-Auksorn, P. (2017). Examining Tourists’ Push and Pull Travel Motivations and Behavioral Intentions: The Case of British Outbound Tourists to Phuket, Thailand. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 18(4), 437–464.
  • Sipahi, B., Yurtkoru, S.E., & Çinko, M. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi. İstanbul: Beta Publishing.
  • Tosun, C. (2002). Host perceptions of impacts: A comparative tourism study. Annals of tourism research, 29(1), 231–253.
  • Tosun, C. (2006). Expected nature of community participation in tourism development. Tourism management, 27(3), 493–504.
  • Tosun, C., Temizkan, S. P., Timothy, D. J., & Fyall, A. (2007). Tourist shopping experiences and satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research, 9(2), 87–102.
  • Tucker, H. (2002). Welcome to Flintstones-land: contesting place and identity in Goreme, Central Turkey. In S. Coleman & M. Crang (eds.). Tourism: Between place and performance, (pp. 143159). Berghahn: USA. Tucker, H. (2003). Living with Tourism: Negotiating Identities in a Turkish Village. Routledge: London.
  • Tucker, H., & Emge, A. (2010). Managing a world heritage site: The case of Cappadocia. Anatolia, 21(1), 41–54.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, https://nevsehir.csb.gov.tr/nev-sharp351-ehir--turizm-sharp304-statistikleri-i-1912 (accessed date: 15/11/2019).
  • Uysal, M., & Hagan, L. A. R. (1993). Motivation of pleasure travel and tourism. Encyclopedia of hospitality and tourism, 21, 798–810.
  • Wen, J., & Huang, S. (2019). The effects of push and pull travel motivations, personal values, and destination familiarity on tourist loyalty: a study of Chinese cigar tourists to Cuba. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(8), 805–821.
  • Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism management, 26(1), 45–56.
  • Zhang, Y., & Peng, Y. (2014). Understanding travel motivations of Chinese tourists visiting Cairns, Australia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism management, 21, 44–53.
  • Zoltan, J., & Masiero, L. (2012). The relation between push motivation and activity consumption at the destination within the framework of a destination card. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1(1-2), 84–93.
Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 35 - 48, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0033

Abstract

References

  • Alrawadieh, Z., Prayag, G., Alrawadieh, Z., & Alsalameen, M. (2019). Self-identification with a heritage tourism site, visitors’ engagement and destination loyalty: the mediating effects of overall satisfaction. The Service Industries Journal, 39(7-8), 541–558.
  • Andreu, L., Kozak, M., Avci, N., & Cifter, N. (2006). Market segmentation by motivations to travel: British tourists visiting Turkey. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 19(1), 1–14.
  • Beerli, A., & Martin, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of tourism research, 31(3), 657–681.
  • Björk, P., & Kauppinen-Räisänen, H. (2016). Local food: a source for destination attraction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(1), 177–194.
  • Brandano, M. G., Osti, L., & Pulina, M. (2019). How motivations and satisfaction influence wine tourists’ loyalty? An analysis of the Italian case. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(1), 55–69.
  • Chiang, C. C., Wang, M. Y., Lee, C. F., & Chen, Y. C. (2015). Assessing travel motivations of cultural tourists: A factor-cluster segmentation analysis. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 36(3), 269–282.
  • Chon, K. S. (1989). Understanding recreational traveler’s motivation, attitude and satisfaction. The tourist review, 44(1), 3–7.
  • Coban, G., & Yildiz, O. S. (2019). Developing a destination management model: Case of Cappadocia. Tourism Management Perspectives, 30, 117–128.
  • Coban, S. (2012). The effects of the image of destination on tourist satisfaction and loyalty: The case of Cappadocia. European Journal of Social Sciences, 29(2), 222–232.
  • Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., & Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities. Current issues in Tourism, 17(10), 872–909.
  • Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of tourism research, 6(4), 408424.
  • Do Valle, P. O., Silva, J. A., Mendes, J., & Guerreiro, M. (2006). Tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty intention: a structural and categorical analysis. International Journal of Business Science & Applied Management (IJBSAM), 1(1), 25–44.
  • Erdogan, N., & Tosun, C. (2009). Environmental performance of tourism accommodations in the protected areas: Case of Goreme Historical National Park. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(3), 406–414.
  • Farmaki, A., Khalilzadeh, J., & Altinay, L. (2019). Travel motivation and demotivation within politically unstable nations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 118–130.
  • Fullerton, R. A. (2013). The birth of consumer behavior: Motivation research in the 1940s and 1950s. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 5(2), 212–222.
  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Hallowell, R. (1996). The relationships of customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability: an empirical study. International journal of service industry management, 7(4), 27–42.
  • Hsu, C. H., Cai, L. A., & Li, M. (2010). Expectation, motivation, and attitude: A tourist behavioral model. Journal of travel research, 49(3), 282–-296.
  • Huang, S., & Hsu, C. H. (2009). Effects of travel motivation, past experience, perceived constraint, and attitude on revisit intention. Journal of Travel Research, 48(1), 29–44.
  • Huang, S., & Hsu, C. H. (2009). Effects of travel motivation, past experience, perceived constraint, and attitude on revisit intention. Journal of travel research, 48(1), 29–44.
  • Jalilvand, M. R., Samiei, N., Dini, B., & Manzari, P. Y. (2012). Examining the structural relationships of electronic word of mouth, destination image, tourist attitude toward destination and travel intention: An integrated approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1(1-2), 134–143.
  • Jang, S., Bai, B., Hu, C., & Wu, C. M. E. (2009). Affect, travel motivation, and travel intention: A senior market. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 33(1), 51–73.
  • Li, M., & Cai, L. A. (2012). The effects of personal values on travel motivation and behavioral intention. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 473–487.
  • Mathwick, C., Malhotra, N. K., & Rigdon, E. (2002). The effect of dynamic retail experiences on experiential perceptions of value: an Internet and catalog comparison. Journal of retailing, 78(1), 51–60.
  • Mill, R. C., & Morrison, A. M. (2002). The tourism system: An introductory text (4th ed.). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
  • Özel, Ç. H., & Kozak, N. (2017). An exploratory study of resident perceptions toward the tourism industry in Cappadocia: A Social Exchange Theory approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(3), 284–300.
  • Patwardhan, V., Ribeiro, M. A., Payini, V., Woosnam, K. M., Mallya, J., & Gopalakrishnan, P. (2019). Visitors’ Place Attachment and Destination Loyalty: Examining the Roles of Emotional Solidarity and Perceived Safety. Journal of Travel Research, 0047287518824157.
  • Pearce, P. L., & Caltabiano, M. (1983). Inferring travel motivation from travelers’ experience. Journal of Travel Research, 12, 16–20.
  • Pearce, P. L., & Lee, U. I. (2005). Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation. Journal of travel research, 43(3), 226–237.
  • Prayag, G. (2012). Senior travelers’ motivations and future behavioral intentions: The case of nice. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(7), 665–681.
  • Prayag, G., & Ryan, C. (2011). The relationship between the ‘push’and ‘pull’factors of a tourist destination: The role of nationality–an analytical qualitative research approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(2), 121–143.
  • Prayag, G., & Ryan, C. (2012). Antecedents of tourists’ loyalty to Mauritius: The role and influence of destination image, place attachment, personal involvement, and satisfaction. Journal of travel research, 51(3), 342–356.
  • Prayag, G., Chen, N., & Del Chiappa, G. (2018). Domestic tourists to Sardinia: motivation, overall attitude, attachment, and behavioural intentions. Anatolia, 29(1), 84–97.
  • Rita, P., Brochado, A., & Dimova, L. (2019). Millennials’ travel motivations and desired activities within destinations: A comparative study of the US and the UK. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(16), 2034–2050.
  • Sastre, R. P., & Phakdee-Auksorn, P. (2017). Examining Tourists’ Push and Pull Travel Motivations and Behavioral Intentions: The Case of British Outbound Tourists to Phuket, Thailand. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 18(4), 437–464.
  • Sipahi, B., Yurtkoru, S.E., & Çinko, M. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi. İstanbul: Beta Publishing.
  • Tosun, C. (2002). Host perceptions of impacts: A comparative tourism study. Annals of tourism research, 29(1), 231–253.
  • Tosun, C. (2006). Expected nature of community participation in tourism development. Tourism management, 27(3), 493–504.
  • Tosun, C., Temizkan, S. P., Timothy, D. J., & Fyall, A. (2007). Tourist shopping experiences and satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research, 9(2), 87–102.
  • Tucker, H. (2002). Welcome to Flintstones-land: contesting place and identity in Goreme, Central Turkey. In S. Coleman & M. Crang (eds.). Tourism: Between place and performance, (pp. 143159). Berghahn: USA. Tucker, H. (2003). Living with Tourism: Negotiating Identities in a Turkish Village. Routledge: London.
  • Tucker, H., & Emge, A. (2010). Managing a world heritage site: The case of Cappadocia. Anatolia, 21(1), 41–54.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, https://nevsehir.csb.gov.tr/nev-sharp351-ehir--turizm-sharp304-statistikleri-i-1912 (accessed date: 15/11/2019).
  • Uysal, M., & Hagan, L. A. R. (1993). Motivation of pleasure travel and tourism. Encyclopedia of hospitality and tourism, 21, 798–810.
  • Wen, J., & Huang, S. (2019). The effects of push and pull travel motivations, personal values, and destination familiarity on tourist loyalty: a study of Chinese cigar tourists to Cuba. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(8), 805–821.
  • Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism management, 26(1), 45–56.
  • Zhang, Y., & Peng, Y. (2014). Understanding travel motivations of Chinese tourists visiting Cairns, Australia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism management, 21, 44–53.
  • Zoltan, J., & Masiero, L. (2012). The relation between push motivation and activity consumption at the destination within the framework of a destination card. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1(1-2), 84–93.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Faruk Seyitoglu This is me 0000-0002-7859-6006

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Submission Date October 7, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Seyitoglu, F. (2020). Cappadocia: The Effects of Tourist Motivation on Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty. Journal of Tourismology, 6(1), 35-48. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0033
AMA Seyitoglu F. Cappadocia: The Effects of Tourist Motivation on Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty. Journal of Tourismology. June 2020;6(1):35-48. doi:10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0033
Chicago Seyitoglu, Faruk. “Cappadocia: The Effects of Tourist Motivation on Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty”. Journal of Tourismology 6, no. 1 (June 2020): 35-48. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0033.
EndNote Seyitoglu F (June 1, 2020) Cappadocia: The Effects of Tourist Motivation on Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty. Journal of Tourismology 6 1 35–48.
IEEE F. Seyitoglu, “Cappadocia: The Effects of Tourist Motivation on Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty”, Journal of Tourismology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 35–48, 2020, doi: 10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0033.
ISNAD Seyitoglu, Faruk. “Cappadocia: The Effects of Tourist Motivation on Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty”. Journal of Tourismology 6/1 (June 2020), 35-48. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0033.
JAMA Seyitoglu F. Cappadocia: The Effects of Tourist Motivation on Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty. Journal of Tourismology. 2020;6:35–48.
MLA Seyitoglu, Faruk. “Cappadocia: The Effects of Tourist Motivation on Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty”. Journal of Tourismology, vol. 6, no. 1, 2020, pp. 35-48, doi:10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0033.
Vancouver Seyitoglu F. Cappadocia: The Effects of Tourist Motivation on Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty. Journal of Tourismology. 2020;6(1):35-48.