Research Article
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Urban Development and Cosmetic Applications In Tourism: Proposals for Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 269 - 295, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.2.0006

Abstract

Towards the end of the twentieth century, through the effect of globalization, cities experienced a great change. The distorted construction that emerged as a result of population growth has led to the disappearance of the aesthetic understanding and cities turning into concrete piles. City aesthetics emerge as a social need of our day that allows society to breathe, protect the values of the region, and make the complex structure of the city much more organized. This study is aimed to improve aesthetic practice recommendations that can be beneficial to Turkey. A conceptual perspective to city aesthetics has been developed. Examples in local and foreign literature on the subject of urban aesthetics have been examined. By analyzing the urban aesthetic perception in Turkey, it is observed that there are missing elements, and there are no certain standards, limitations, and regulations for it. When the constructions in other countries are analyzed, it is obvious that city aesthetics is an understanding that is improved within a certain plan. The city aesthetic phenomenon in Turkey can be improved with the proper planning and implementation, and it is understood that it can be audited with certain standards.

Supporting Institution

The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.

References

  • Akkaya, F. (2015). Aesthetic Purpose in the Use of Administrative Police Power; Unpublished Master Thesis. Istanbul University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Public Law, İstanbul.
  • Aksu, Ö. V. (2012). Kent Mobilyaları Tasarımında Özgün Yaklaşımlar. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 2(6), 373-386.
  • Ayataç, H. (2005). An assessment of urban designer identity in the 21st Century. ITU A|Z, 2(1/2), 93-112.
  • Balling, J., & Falk, H. (1982). Development of Visual Preference for Natural Environments. Environment and Behavior, 14(1), 5-28.
  • Bankole, O. (2013). Urban Environmental Graphics: Impact, Problems and Visual Pollution of Signs and Billboards in Nigerian Cities. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(6), 1-12.
  • Berleant, A. (2005). Aesthetics and Environment. Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Blackburn, S. (1996). The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bobat, A. (2018). Relations Between Ecosystem Services, Humanity and Urban Life. International Urbanization and Environmental Problems Symposium: Change/ Transformation / Originality, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 28-30 June 2018, p. 159-168.
  • Bostancı, S., & Oral, M. (2017). Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. International Journal of Architecture & Planning, 5, 45-59.
  • Candan, H., Oktay, E., Erol, A., & Kaya, T. (2018). A Comparative Research on The Functionality of The Urban Aesthetic Committee and a Model Suggestion for Karaman. KMU Journal of Social and Economic Research, 20(35), 36-49.
  • Çatalbaş, F. (2016). Major Urbanization Problems And Solutions Of Yozgat City Center, Journal of Science Institute of Erciyes University, 32(1), 38-47.
  • Danaci, H. (2012). Architectural Education and Environmental Aesthetics. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 51, 878-882.
  • Depositphotos (2016): https://se.depositphotos.com/110865838/stock-photo-edinburgh-old-town.html, access: 1 September 2019.
  • Erdoğan, E. (2006). Çevre ve Kent Estetiği. ZKÜ Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(9), 68-77.
  • Ergen, B. (2013). Investigation of Streets and Pedestrian Malls as Public Spaces. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(23), 1-12.
  • Escobar, M. (2009). Derives and Social Aesthetics in the Cities: Urban Marks in El Raval de Barcelona, Spain. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 1(2), 136-151.
  • Garcia-Domenech, S. (2015). Urban Aesthetics and Social Function of Actual Public Space: A Desirable Balance. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 10(4), 54-65.
  • Gjerde, M., & Vale, B. (2015). Aiming for a Better Public Realm: Gauging the Effectiveness of Design Control Methods in Wellington, New Zealand. Buildings, 5, 69-84.
  • Güleç, E. (2018). The Effect of Urban Space Requirement on Occupation Spaces and Tactical Urbanization Bornova Case Study. 2nd International Architecture and Design Congress, Guven Plus Grup A.Ş. Publications, Çanakkale, 11-12 October 2018, p. 431-441.
  • Haruna, A., Oppong, R., & Marful, A. (2018). Exploring Eco-Aesthetics for Urban Green Infrastructure Development and Building Resilient Cities: A Theoretical Overview. Cogent Social Sciences, 4, 1-18.
  • Hellozuidas (2019): https://hellozuidas.com/zuidas-architecture/, access: 2 September 2019.
  • Heyligers (2019): https://h-dp.nl/en/projects/valley-zuidas-amsterdam/ , access: 2 September 2019.
  • Hurriyet (2019): http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/seyahat/gonulcelen-hamburg-kipkirmizi-havali-ve-gorkemli-41316202?utm_source=t.co&utm_medium=post&utm_campaign=gonulcelen-hamburg-kipkirmizi-havali-ve-gorkemli-41316202&utm_term=post, access 2 September 2019.
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  • Jameson, F. (1984). Postmodernism or the cultural logic of late capitalism. Oxford: New Left Review Ltd.
  • Jantzen, C., & Vetner, M. (2008). Designing Urban Experiences. The Case of Zuidas, Amsterdam. Know Techn Pol, 21, 149-162. Jochen Schweizer (2019): https://www.jochen-schweizer.de/reise/konzert-elbphilharmonie,default,pd.html, access: 2 September 2019
  • Karakurt, E. (2006). Suggestions for Organizing Urban Space: Modern Urban Planning and Postmodern Urban Planning. Journal of Erciyes University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, (26), 1-25.
  • Kozak, M. (2018). Bilimsel Araştırma: Tasarım, Yazım ve Yayım Teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Lothian, A. (1999). Landscape and The Philosophy of Aesthetics: Is Landscape Quality Inherent in The Landscape or in The Eye of The Beholder. Published in Landscape and Urban Planning, 44, 177-198.
  • Mattila, H., & Çalışkan, O. (2005). Urban Aesthetics – Theoretical Viewpoints and Contemporary Cases of Urban Planning in Finland. Planning, 3, 86-91.
  • Mercin, L. (2013). The Importance of Graphic Design for The City Aesthetic. ULAKBİLGE, 1(1), 1-9.
  • Munasinghe, H. (2001). Aesthetics of Urban Space through Collaborative Urban Planning: Integrating Environmental Aesthetics with Communicative Theory of Planning. Built-Environment-Sri Lanka, 2(1), 35-44.
  • Nasar, J. (1994). Urban design aesthetics: The evaluative qualities of building exteriors. Environment & Behavior, 26(3), 377-401.
  • Nia, H., & Atun, R. (2016). Aesthetic Design Thinking Model for Urban Environments: A Survey Based on a Review of the Literature. URBAN DESIGN International, 23(3), 195-212.
  • Onedio (2019): https://onedio.com/haber/peki-halknedio-31-mart-yerel-secimleri-sonrasi-kazanan-isimlerden-sehir-sehir-beklenen-icraatlar-867635, access: 2 September 2019.
  • Özer, S., Aklıbaşında, M., & Zengin, M. (2010). Erzurum Kenti Örneğinde Kullanılan Kuşatma Elemanlarının Kent İmajı Üzerindeki Etkileri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 123-130.
  • Özgeriş, M. (2018). Kentsel Donatı Elemanlarının Kent Dokusu Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi: Erzurum İli Örneği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 18, 561-574, DOI: 10.5578/fmbd.67336
  • Parlett, G., Fletcher, J., & Cooper, C. (1995). The impact of tourism on the Old Town of Edinburgh. Tourism Management, 16(5), 355-360.
  • Porteous, J. (1996). Environmental Aesthetics: Ideas, Politics and Planning. New York: Routledge.
  • Rezafar, A., & Turk, S. (2018). Urban design factors involved in the aesthetic assessment of newly built environments and their incorporation into legislation: The case of Istanbul. Urbani izziv, 29(2), 83-95.
  • Sakıcı, Ç. (2017). Urban silhouette design: A case study of Kastamonu. Kastamonu University Journal of Faculty of Forestry, 17(4), 652-659.
  • Saldamlı, A., & Can, İ. (2019). Bilimsel Araştırma ve Sunum Teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Sözen, M. (2002). New Approaches to Conservation Policies. Conservation and the Future of Historical Urban Transport Symposium in Turkey, T. C. MINISTRY OF CULTURE, General Directorate of Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage, Antalya, p. 55-60.
  • Susuz, M., & Eliri, İ. (2017). Kamusal Alanda Sanat Olgusu ve Görsel Kültür, Turkish Studies, 12(13), 531-546.
  • Sternberg, R. (1991). The Urban Aesthetic in Comparative Perspective. AAG Middle States Division, 24, p. 70-79. New Jersey.
  • Şentürk, E., & Altınçekiç, T. (2018). Current Use Approaches in Hard Landscape Design Elements. 2nd International Architecture and Design Congress, Güven Plus Grup A.Ş. Publications, Çanakkale, p. 107-118.
  • Tarihikentlerbirligi (2019): http://www.tarihikentlerbirligi.org/, access: 27 August 2019.
  • Tekel, A., & Aslan, S. (2016). Evaluation of Ankara Esenboğa and Konya City Entrance Gates in Context of Aesthetic Welfare Concept. Planning, 26(1), 32-39.
  • Teymur, N. (1981). "Aesthetics" of Aesthetics. Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 7(1), 77-96.
  • The List (2009): https://www.list.co.uk/article/21152-guide-to-edinburghs-old-town/, access: 1 Eylül 2019.
  • Tuna, M. (2018). Urbanization Aesthetics and Its Role in Human Life. İdil, 7(43), 261-267.
  • Türkmen, A. (2018). The Correspondence of Building Aesthetics in Urban Identity and Building Discipline System. Marmara Social Research Journal, (13), 1-29.
  • Vlad, L. (2009). Urban Aesthetics: Emergence and Development. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 3(12), 73-78.
  • Whybrow, N. (2018). The future of art is urban. Nuart Journal, 1(1), 109-112.
  • Wikimapia (2019): http://wikimapia.org/30251584/tr/Konya-Kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1, access: 2 September 2019.
  • Xiangzhan, C. (2008). Urban Image and Urban Aesthetics: Urban Aesthetics in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 59-71.
  • Yerli, Ö., & Kesim, G. A. (2009). Kentsel Koridorların Estetik ve İşlevsel Yönden İrdelenmesi: Düzce Örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 1(1).
  • Yalniziyigezdik (2018): http://yalniziyigezdik.com/almanya/rothenburg-ob-der-tauber/rothenburg-ob-der-tauber/.html, access: 2 September 2019.
  • Yelp (2019): https://www.yelp.com/biz/graffiti-barcelona-barcelona, access: 28 August 2019.
  • Yılmaz, H. (2018). Livable Cities / Livable City Components. 2nd International Architecture and Design Congress, Güven Plus Grup A.Ş. Publications, Çanakkale, p. 2-10.
Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 269 - 295, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.2.0006

Abstract

References

  • Akkaya, F. (2015). Aesthetic Purpose in the Use of Administrative Police Power; Unpublished Master Thesis. Istanbul University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Public Law, İstanbul.
  • Aksu, Ö. V. (2012). Kent Mobilyaları Tasarımında Özgün Yaklaşımlar. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 2(6), 373-386.
  • Ayataç, H. (2005). An assessment of urban designer identity in the 21st Century. ITU A|Z, 2(1/2), 93-112.
  • Balling, J., & Falk, H. (1982). Development of Visual Preference for Natural Environments. Environment and Behavior, 14(1), 5-28.
  • Bankole, O. (2013). Urban Environmental Graphics: Impact, Problems and Visual Pollution of Signs and Billboards in Nigerian Cities. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(6), 1-12.
  • Berleant, A. (2005). Aesthetics and Environment. Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Blackburn, S. (1996). The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bobat, A. (2018). Relations Between Ecosystem Services, Humanity and Urban Life. International Urbanization and Environmental Problems Symposium: Change/ Transformation / Originality, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 28-30 June 2018, p. 159-168.
  • Bostancı, S., & Oral, M. (2017). Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. International Journal of Architecture & Planning, 5, 45-59.
  • Candan, H., Oktay, E., Erol, A., & Kaya, T. (2018). A Comparative Research on The Functionality of The Urban Aesthetic Committee and a Model Suggestion for Karaman. KMU Journal of Social and Economic Research, 20(35), 36-49.
  • Çatalbaş, F. (2016). Major Urbanization Problems And Solutions Of Yozgat City Center, Journal of Science Institute of Erciyes University, 32(1), 38-47.
  • Danaci, H. (2012). Architectural Education and Environmental Aesthetics. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 51, 878-882.
  • Depositphotos (2016): https://se.depositphotos.com/110865838/stock-photo-edinburgh-old-town.html, access: 1 September 2019.
  • Erdoğan, E. (2006). Çevre ve Kent Estetiği. ZKÜ Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(9), 68-77.
  • Ergen, B. (2013). Investigation of Streets and Pedestrian Malls as Public Spaces. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(23), 1-12.
  • Escobar, M. (2009). Derives and Social Aesthetics in the Cities: Urban Marks in El Raval de Barcelona, Spain. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 1(2), 136-151.
  • Garcia-Domenech, S. (2015). Urban Aesthetics and Social Function of Actual Public Space: A Desirable Balance. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 10(4), 54-65.
  • Gjerde, M., & Vale, B. (2015). Aiming for a Better Public Realm: Gauging the Effectiveness of Design Control Methods in Wellington, New Zealand. Buildings, 5, 69-84.
  • Güleç, E. (2018). The Effect of Urban Space Requirement on Occupation Spaces and Tactical Urbanization Bornova Case Study. 2nd International Architecture and Design Congress, Guven Plus Grup A.Ş. Publications, Çanakkale, 11-12 October 2018, p. 431-441.
  • Haruna, A., Oppong, R., & Marful, A. (2018). Exploring Eco-Aesthetics for Urban Green Infrastructure Development and Building Resilient Cities: A Theoretical Overview. Cogent Social Sciences, 4, 1-18.
  • Hellozuidas (2019): https://hellozuidas.com/zuidas-architecture/, access: 2 September 2019.
  • Heyligers (2019): https://h-dp.nl/en/projects/valley-zuidas-amsterdam/ , access: 2 September 2019.
  • Hurriyet (2019): http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/seyahat/gonulcelen-hamburg-kipkirmizi-havali-ve-gorkemli-41316202?utm_source=t.co&utm_medium=post&utm_campaign=gonulcelen-hamburg-kipkirmizi-havali-ve-gorkemli-41316202&utm_term=post, access 2 September 2019.
  • Hurriyet1 (2019): http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/seyahat/yazarlar/berceste-seber/bir-guney-almanya-masali-41261263?utm_source=t.co&utm_medium=post&utm_campaign=bir-guney-almanya-masali-41261263&utm_term=post, access: 2 September 2019.
  • Jameson, F. (1984). Postmodernism or the cultural logic of late capitalism. Oxford: New Left Review Ltd.
  • Jantzen, C., & Vetner, M. (2008). Designing Urban Experiences. The Case of Zuidas, Amsterdam. Know Techn Pol, 21, 149-162. Jochen Schweizer (2019): https://www.jochen-schweizer.de/reise/konzert-elbphilharmonie,default,pd.html, access: 2 September 2019
  • Karakurt, E. (2006). Suggestions for Organizing Urban Space: Modern Urban Planning and Postmodern Urban Planning. Journal of Erciyes University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, (26), 1-25.
  • Kozak, M. (2018). Bilimsel Araştırma: Tasarım, Yazım ve Yayım Teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Lothian, A. (1999). Landscape and The Philosophy of Aesthetics: Is Landscape Quality Inherent in The Landscape or in The Eye of The Beholder. Published in Landscape and Urban Planning, 44, 177-198.
  • Mattila, H., & Çalışkan, O. (2005). Urban Aesthetics – Theoretical Viewpoints and Contemporary Cases of Urban Planning in Finland. Planning, 3, 86-91.
  • Mercin, L. (2013). The Importance of Graphic Design for The City Aesthetic. ULAKBİLGE, 1(1), 1-9.
  • Munasinghe, H. (2001). Aesthetics of Urban Space through Collaborative Urban Planning: Integrating Environmental Aesthetics with Communicative Theory of Planning. Built-Environment-Sri Lanka, 2(1), 35-44.
  • Nasar, J. (1994). Urban design aesthetics: The evaluative qualities of building exteriors. Environment & Behavior, 26(3), 377-401.
  • Nia, H., & Atun, R. (2016). Aesthetic Design Thinking Model for Urban Environments: A Survey Based on a Review of the Literature. URBAN DESIGN International, 23(3), 195-212.
  • Onedio (2019): https://onedio.com/haber/peki-halknedio-31-mart-yerel-secimleri-sonrasi-kazanan-isimlerden-sehir-sehir-beklenen-icraatlar-867635, access: 2 September 2019.
  • Özer, S., Aklıbaşında, M., & Zengin, M. (2010). Erzurum Kenti Örneğinde Kullanılan Kuşatma Elemanlarının Kent İmajı Üzerindeki Etkileri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 123-130.
  • Özgeriş, M. (2018). Kentsel Donatı Elemanlarının Kent Dokusu Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi: Erzurum İli Örneği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 18, 561-574, DOI: 10.5578/fmbd.67336
  • Parlett, G., Fletcher, J., & Cooper, C. (1995). The impact of tourism on the Old Town of Edinburgh. Tourism Management, 16(5), 355-360.
  • Porteous, J. (1996). Environmental Aesthetics: Ideas, Politics and Planning. New York: Routledge.
  • Rezafar, A., & Turk, S. (2018). Urban design factors involved in the aesthetic assessment of newly built environments and their incorporation into legislation: The case of Istanbul. Urbani izziv, 29(2), 83-95.
  • Sakıcı, Ç. (2017). Urban silhouette design: A case study of Kastamonu. Kastamonu University Journal of Faculty of Forestry, 17(4), 652-659.
  • Saldamlı, A., & Can, İ. (2019). Bilimsel Araştırma ve Sunum Teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Sözen, M. (2002). New Approaches to Conservation Policies. Conservation and the Future of Historical Urban Transport Symposium in Turkey, T. C. MINISTRY OF CULTURE, General Directorate of Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage, Antalya, p. 55-60.
  • Susuz, M., & Eliri, İ. (2017). Kamusal Alanda Sanat Olgusu ve Görsel Kültür, Turkish Studies, 12(13), 531-546.
  • Sternberg, R. (1991). The Urban Aesthetic in Comparative Perspective. AAG Middle States Division, 24, p. 70-79. New Jersey.
  • Şentürk, E., & Altınçekiç, T. (2018). Current Use Approaches in Hard Landscape Design Elements. 2nd International Architecture and Design Congress, Güven Plus Grup A.Ş. Publications, Çanakkale, p. 107-118.
  • Tarihikentlerbirligi (2019): http://www.tarihikentlerbirligi.org/, access: 27 August 2019.
  • Tekel, A., & Aslan, S. (2016). Evaluation of Ankara Esenboğa and Konya City Entrance Gates in Context of Aesthetic Welfare Concept. Planning, 26(1), 32-39.
  • Teymur, N. (1981). "Aesthetics" of Aesthetics. Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 7(1), 77-96.
  • The List (2009): https://www.list.co.uk/article/21152-guide-to-edinburghs-old-town/, access: 1 Eylül 2019.
  • Tuna, M. (2018). Urbanization Aesthetics and Its Role in Human Life. İdil, 7(43), 261-267.
  • Türkmen, A. (2018). The Correspondence of Building Aesthetics in Urban Identity and Building Discipline System. Marmara Social Research Journal, (13), 1-29.
  • Vlad, L. (2009). Urban Aesthetics: Emergence and Development. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 3(12), 73-78.
  • Whybrow, N. (2018). The future of art is urban. Nuart Journal, 1(1), 109-112.
  • Wikimapia (2019): http://wikimapia.org/30251584/tr/Konya-Kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1, access: 2 September 2019.
  • Xiangzhan, C. (2008). Urban Image and Urban Aesthetics: Urban Aesthetics in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 59-71.
  • Yerli, Ö., & Kesim, G. A. (2009). Kentsel Koridorların Estetik ve İşlevsel Yönden İrdelenmesi: Düzce Örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 1(1).
  • Yalniziyigezdik (2018): http://yalniziyigezdik.com/almanya/rothenburg-ob-der-tauber/rothenburg-ob-der-tauber/.html, access: 2 September 2019.
  • Yelp (2019): https://www.yelp.com/biz/graffiti-barcelona-barcelona, access: 28 August 2019.
  • Yılmaz, H. (2018). Livable Cities / Livable City Components. 2nd International Architecture and Design Congress, Güven Plus Grup A.Ş. Publications, Çanakkale, p. 2-10.
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hüseyin Pamukçu This is me 0000-0002-9673-5604

Gürkan Çalişkan This is me 0000-0003-2596-153X

Publication Date December 28, 2020
Submission Date April 26, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Pamukçu, H., & Çalişkan, G. (2020). Urban Development and Cosmetic Applications In Tourism: Proposals for Turkey. Journal of Tourismology, 6(2), 269-295. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.2.0006
AMA Pamukçu H, Çalişkan G. Urban Development and Cosmetic Applications In Tourism: Proposals for Turkey. Journal of Tourismology. December 2020;6(2):269-295. doi:10.26650/jot.2020.6.2.0006
Chicago Pamukçu, Hüseyin, and Gürkan Çalişkan. “Urban Development and Cosmetic Applications In Tourism: Proposals for Turkey”. Journal of Tourismology 6, no. 2 (December 2020): 269-95. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.2.0006.
EndNote Pamukçu H, Çalişkan G (December 1, 2020) Urban Development and Cosmetic Applications In Tourism: Proposals for Turkey. Journal of Tourismology 6 2 269–295.
IEEE H. Pamukçu and G. Çalişkan, “Urban Development and Cosmetic Applications In Tourism: Proposals for Turkey”, Journal of Tourismology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 269–295, 2020, doi: 10.26650/jot.2020.6.2.0006.
ISNAD Pamukçu, Hüseyin - Çalişkan, Gürkan. “Urban Development and Cosmetic Applications In Tourism: Proposals for Turkey”. Journal of Tourismology 6/2 (December 2020), 269-295. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.2.0006.
JAMA Pamukçu H, Çalişkan G. Urban Development and Cosmetic Applications In Tourism: Proposals for Turkey. Journal of Tourismology. 2020;6:269–295.
MLA Pamukçu, Hüseyin and Gürkan Çalişkan. “Urban Development and Cosmetic Applications In Tourism: Proposals for Turkey”. Journal of Tourismology, vol. 6, no. 2, 2020, pp. 269-95, doi:10.26650/jot.2020.6.2.0006.
Vancouver Pamukçu H, Çalişkan G. Urban Development and Cosmetic Applications In Tourism: Proposals for Turkey. Journal of Tourismology. 2020;6(2):269-95.