Tanrıçalar, Şeyhler ve Krallar: Güney Hindistan'da Türk Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 495 - 515, 28.06.2024

Zameer Careem

https://doi.org/10.26650/iuturkiyat.1467566

Abstract

Gömülü olduğu tarih ve çeşitlilikle, aynı zamanda Yarımada Hindistanı olarak da bilinen Güney Hindistan, Hindistan'ın alanının %19.31’ini kaplar ve Hindistan nüfusunun %20'sini oluşturur. Bölge, manzarasında iz bırakan medeniyetlerin gelgitlerinin bir kanıtı olarak durur; burası, Hindistan'ın en büyük Hindu tapınak kompleksi olan Srirangam Sri Ranganathaswamy Kovil'den, bir Türk prensesi tanrısallaştırılan, Nadirvelî Dergâhına, Hazret-i Pîr Nadir Şah'a adanan Trikhinopoli'deki dergâha kadar uzanan çok sayıda tarihî mekâna sahiptir. Nadir Şah, Rûm yani Anadolu'dan gelen bir veli olup sufizmi Güney Hindistan ve Sri Lanka'ya tanıtan kişi olarak kabul edilir. Sufi tarikatları, Nakşibendilik gibi, uzun süredir Sri Lanka ve Güney Hindistan'da popüler olup Hakkânî kolunun Kıbrıslı Türk imamları bazı Müslüman toplum kesimleri tarafından saygı görmektedir. Kuzey Hindistan'da egemen olan Türk hanedanları hakkında çok şey yazılmasına rağmen, Türklerin güneye yönelik akınlarının tarihi, devletlerinin kuruluşu, Hindu-Müslüman muhtelit dergâhları ve Türk topluluklarının yerleşimi genellikle tarih anlatılarının kıyısında bırakılmıştır. Arşiv ve ikincil kaynaklara dayanarak hazırlanan bu makale, genellikle 12. ve 14. yüzyıllar arasındaki döneme odaklanarak, bu göz ardı edilen tarihi keşfetmeyi ve anlamayı ve söz konusu bu boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlar. Böylelikle, bu makale, Türk etkilerinin Güney Hindistan'ın kültürel mirasını nasıl şekillendirdiğine daha derin bir kavrayış sağlamayı hedefleyerek, Hindistan ve Türk devletleri arasındaki din-kültür ilişkilerinin daha da güçlenmesini hedeflemektedir.

Keywords

Hindistan, Hindu-Müslüman sentezciliği, Sufizm, Türk halkı, Türkiye

Goddesses, Saints and Kings: Turkic influence in South India

Abstract

Steeped in history and diversity, South India, also known as Peninsular India, covers 19.31% of India's area and accounts for 20% of India's population. The region stands as a testament to the ebb and flow of civilisations that have left an indelible mark on its landscape, which is dotted with scores of historical sites, from India’s largest Hindu temple complex, the Srirangam Sri Ranganathaswamy Kovil, where a Turkic princess is deified, to Natharvali Dargah in Trichinopoly, dedicated to Pir Hazrat Nathar Shah, a saint from Rûm, Anatolia, who is credited with having introduced Sufism to South India and Sri Lanka. Sufi orders (tariqas), such as the Naqshbandi, have long been popular in Sri Lanka and South India, where Turkish Cypriot Imams (leaders) of the Haqqani stream are revered by some sections of the Muslim society. Though much has been written about the Turkic dynasties that held sway in North India, the history of Turkic incursions into the south, the founding of kingdoms, Hindu-Muslim syncretic shrines, and the settlement of Turkic communities remain largely relegated to the margins of historical accounts. Drawing on archival and secondary sources, this article seeks to bridge this gap by exploring this overlooked history, focusing largely on the period between the 12th and 14th centuries. By doing so, this article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how Turkic influences have shaped South India’s cultural heritage, thereby hoping that the religio-cultural relations between India and Turkic states will further strengthen.

Keywords

India, Hindu-Muslim syncretism, Sufism, Turkic People, Türkiye

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