Etlik Piliç (Broyler) Rasyonlarına İki Farklı Dozda 25-OH D3 (HyD) Eklenmesinin Kemik Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2013, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 93 - 102, 16.11.2012

Aydın Gürel , Hasret Yardibi , Hande Özyoğurtçu M. Yardibi Gülhan Hoştürk

Abstract

ÖZET

Broyler (Etlik piliçlerde) ticari amaçlı olarak et verimini yükseltmek amacıyla yapılan uygulamalarda et verimi hızla artarken, kemik gelişimi buna paralel olarak hızlı olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle hayvanın yaşamının belli bir döneminden sonra, bacak kemiklerinde hızlı artan vücut ağırlığına bağlı sorunlar çıkmaktadır. Araştırmada, kanatlıların daha yüksek yararlanabileceği vitamin D'nin bir formu olan 25-OHD₃'ün etlik piliçlerde kemik gelişimindeki etkilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada günlük yaşta karışık cinsiyette 210 Ross 308 etlik civciv kullandı. Civcivler ilk gün rastlantısal seçme yöntemiyle biri kontrol olan ve 30'ar civcivden oluşan 7 ayrı gruba ayrıldı, 1. gruba, sadece standart ticari broyler yemi verildi ve bu grup kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Diğer 6 gruba da, standart ticari broyler yemine üç farklı dozda vitamin D₃ ve iki farklı doz ticari ismi HyD olan, Vitamin D₃'ün metaboliti 25-OHD₃ (25 dihidroksikole kalsiferol) eklenerek 42 gün süre verildi. 42. günün sonunda hayvanlar ötenazi edildi. Kesimler sırasında kan ve daha sonra iki bacağından kaslar sıyrılıp her gruptan 15 hayvanın femur ve tibiaları alındı ve bunlar tespit amacıyla %10'luk formol saline solüsyonuna konuldu, her hayvana ait femur ve tibialardan birer adedi kemik direnç testlerinde kullanıldı, diğerleri ise tespitten sonra, dekalsifikasyon amacıyla %10'luk nitrik asit solüsyonuna alındı. Sonra her hayvana ait birer femur ve tibialardan özellikle büyüme plakları bölgesini içine alacak şekilde küçük parçalar alındı bunlar rutin işlemlerden geçirilerek parafin bloklara gömüldü ve her bloktan rotary mikrotom ile 4-5 mikro inceliğinde 2-3 kesit alındı ve bunlar H.E ile boyanarak ışık mikroskobunda incelendi. Alınan kanlardan serumlar ayrıldı ve bunlarda serum Ca, P ve 25-OHD₃ düzeylerine bakıldı. Elde edilen mikroskobik sonuçlara göre, 3. ve 7. gruplarda kontrol grubuna göre önemli bir fark görülmezken, özellikle 2. grup ve 4. grupta daha belirgin olmak üzere 5. ve 6. gruplarda da kontrol grubuna göre olumlu yönde farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Kemik dayanıklılığı ve sağlamlığı sonuçlarına göre, kontrol gruplarına göre istatiksel yönden önemli bir fark gözlenmezken yemlere HyD eklenen gruplarda her iki parametre yönünden önemli gelişme olduğu saptandı. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; HyD'nin iki farklı dozunun, Vit D₃ eklemeden tek başına kemik gelişiminde önemli bir katkı sağlamadığı, fakat 2500- 5000 IU/D₃ içeren yemlere 34 ve özellikle 69 mg/ton HyD (25-OHD₃) eklenmesinin gelişimde ve buna paralel olarak kemik sağlamlığında katkısı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Broyler, kemik gelişimi, Vit. D₃

 

ABSTRACT 

THE ADDITION OF TWO DIFFERENT DOSAGES OF 25- OH D₃ TO BROILER FEEDS
AND ITS IMPACT ON BONE DEVELOPMENT

 

Vitamin D is a metabolite which takes place especially in physiologic and metabolic events of poultry. In the broiler industry, applications are improving meat efficiency however the bone development is not improving respectively. This situation is the main reason of the long bones problems seen in broiler chickens after certain ages. The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of 25-OHD₃ which is a form of vitamin D, on the bone development of broilers. Two hundred ten day-old meat-type chicks (308 Ross) were used. On the first day, the chicks were randomly separated in 7 groups. One of them was selected as the control group; all groups were included 30 chicks. The control groups were fed by standard commercial food. The other groups were fed by standard commercial food with three different doses of vitamin D₃ and two different doses of 25-OHD₃, metabolite of vitamin D₃ which the commercial name is HyD. After the 42 days euthanasia was applied to the birds. Blood samples were taken at 21. and 42. days from hens. During the cutting process muscles were separated from the legs. The left and the right femurs and tibiatorsi were collected from 15 animals each of the groups and fixed in 10 percent formol saline solution. One of the femurs and tibiatorsi of each animal were used for bone strength tests. The others were kept in solution during 3 days and then they were transferred in to the 10 percent nitric acid solution for decalcification. The one femur and tibiatorsi of the decalcificated animals were removed and cut in half to prepare the transverse and sagittal sections. The routine processes were applied to those preparates and they were ambedded in parafin wax. 2 or 3 section of 4-5 micrometres were cutted from each parafin block and stained with hematocsylen eozine.The samples were investigated under the light microscope. In the microscopic evaluations, the criters indicating the growth plates, the bone density, the trabecules strength lesions were determined +1, +2, +3 in order to harmful to fine. The mean value of groups were compared to the control groups. The calcium and phosphor levels were determined spectrophotometrically. 25-OHD₃ concentrations were determined with ELISA. The difference in 25-OHD₃ levels between the control and the other groups was found statistically important significant. The differences between 2^nd and 4^th groups and 5^th and 6^th groups were found statistically by microscopical evaluations. In the HyD groups, the bone strength tests results were found statistically important than the others. According to the results of microscopic observations and the bone strength tests, the two different dosages of HyD without adding Vit D₃ do not contribute on bone development all by itself; however, it is concluded that the supplementation of 34 and especially the 69 mg HyD to the feeds which contain 2500 - 5000 IU/D₃ effect the bone development and the strength.

Key Words: Broiler, osteogenesis, Vit. D₃

 

Keywords

Broyler, kemik gelişimi, Vit. D

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