ACİL TIP KLİNİKLERİNDE EĞİTİMİNE YENİ BAŞLAYAN UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE 2 YILINI BİTİRMİŞ OLANLARIN TEMEL VE İLERİ DÜZEY EKG BİLGİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

At Servıce; Ali Savaş Miran; Vermi Değerli; Gökhan Elçin; Yasin Demir; Erman Yıldırım; Selda Özel Coşkun; Neslihan Siliv; İsmet Parlak

ACİL TIP KLİNİKLERİNDE EĞİTİMİNE YENİ BAŞLAYAN UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE 2 YILINI BİTİRMİŞ OLANLARIN TEMEL VE İLERİ DÜZEY EKG BİLGİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2015, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 60 - 65, 01.06.2015

At Servıce Ali Savaş Miran Vermi Değerli Gökhan Elçin Yasin Demir Erman Yıldırım Selda Özel Coşkun Neslihan Siliv İsmet Parlak

Abstract

Acil serviste EKG’lerin değerlendirilmesi özellikle göğüs ağrısı nedeniyle başvuran hastaların tanı ve tedavilerinin belirlenmesinde ve hastaneden taburcu edilmesinde son derece önemlidir. Ülkemiz acil servislerinde asistanlığa yeni başlayan hekimlerin temel ve ileri düzey EKG bilgisini değerlendiren çalışma yoktur. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar ATU uzmanı ile kardiyoloji uzmanları arasında yapılmıştır. Bu anlamda uzmanlığa yeni başlayan ve çalışmaya başladığı kurumda herhangi bir EKG eğitimi almayan asistanlar ile asistanlığının 2 yılını doldurmuş en az bir formal EKG kurs veya standart eğitim müfredatına katılmış asistanlar karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma eylül-kasım 2012 tarihleri arasında İzmir ilinde çalışmakta olan, 0-3 ay ve 24- 48 ay arası eğitim süresine sahip acil tıp uzmanlık öğrencilerinin ATUÖ temel ve ileri düzey EKG bilgilerini değerlendirmek üzere 50 soruluk anket formu uygulanmıştır. Araştırma öncesinde gerekli izinler alınmıştır. 48 ayı geçmiş ATUÖ olanlar çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Araştırmanın niteliğine yönelik açıklama yapıldıktan ve onam alındıktan sonra araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden ATUÖ anket uygulanmıştır. Anket doldurmayı kabul etmeyen ve anket sorularını eksik dolduran asistanlar araştırmaya alınmamıştır. Hazırlanan sorular 2 acil tıp uzmanı ve 1 kardiyoloji uzmanı tarafından tamamı doğru olarak yanıtlanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi bilgisayarda SPSS For Windows 20,0 paket Statistical Package of Science programında gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstatistik analizinde ki- kare testi uygulanmış ve istatistik anlamlılık düzeyi “p

Keywords

Emergenc Medicine, EKG, Medical Education, Medical Training

References

) T.C.S.B. Temel sağlık hizmetleri genel müdürlüğü, Türkiye kalp ve damar hastalıklarını önleme ve kontrol programı (2010-2014).
) T.C.S.B. Sağlık İstatistikleri. www.saglik.gov.tr ) Farida A. Bhuiya, M.P.H.; Stephen R. Pitts, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.C.E.P.; and Linda F. McCaig, M.P.H., Division of Health Care Statistics. Emergency Department Visits for Chest Pain and Abdominal Pain: United States, 1999-2008.
NCHS Data Brief Number 43, September 2010.
) Green GB, Hill PM. Cardiovascular disease: approach to chest pain and possible myocardial ischemia. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS, editors. A comprehensive study guide: textbook of emergency medicine. 5th ed. North Carolina:Mc Graw-Hill; 2000. p. 341-52.
) Schweitzer P. The electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era: Curriculum in cardiology. Am Heart J 1990;119(3 pt1):642-54.
) Lee TH, Rouan GW, Weisberg MC, Brand DA, Acampora D, Stasiulewicz C, et al. Clinical characteristics and natural history of patients with acute myocardial infarction sent home from the emergency room. Am J Cardiol ;60(4):219-24. ) Sanders AB, Cummins RO, Aufderheide TP. The acute coronary syndromes,including acute myocardial infarction. In: Sanders AB, editor. Textbook of advanced cardiac life support. USA: American Heart Association; 1997. p. 12
) Lee TH, Cook EF, Weisberg M, Sargent RK, Wilson C, Goldman L. Acute chest pain in the emergency room: Identification and examination of low risk patients.Arch Intern Med 1985;145(1):65-9.
) Cordan J. Elektrokardiyografi. Türkiye Klinik Kardiyoloji, ;14: 16-9. ) Olgun N. Temel Ve İleriYaşam Desteği. In: Şelimen D. Acil Bakım Kitabı. 2001;2. Baskı, İstanbul, 124-42.
) Acartürk E. Pratik Elektrokardiyografi. 1998;3. Baskı
Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, Adana, 3. ) Ağçal C. Tanrıverdi H. Kardiyoloji Uygulamaları. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri,2003; İstanbul, 1-11.
) Dubin D. Hızlı EKG Yorumu. Çeviri Edit: Okan T,6. Baskı,2009; 6-63.
) Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists Group Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1,000 patients. Lancet 1994;343(8898):311–22.
) Boersma E, Maas AC, Deckers JW et al Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet ;348(9030):771–5.
) Hoyle RJ, Walker KJ, Thomson G. Accuracy of electrocardiogram interpretation improves with emergency medicine training. Emerg Med Australas 2007;19(2):143–
) Zappa MJ, Smith M, Li S. How well do emergency physicians interpret ECGs? Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:463.
) Schaffer JA, Valenzuela TD, Wright AL, et al. Emergency physician interpretation of prehospital, paramedic-acquired electrocardiograms. Prehosp Disaster Med. 1992; 7:251–60.
) Kuhn M, Morgan MT, Hoffman JR. Quality assurance in the emergency department: evaluation of the ECG review process. Ann Emerg Med. 1992; 21(1):10–5.
) Westdorp EJ, Gratton MC, Watson WA. Emergency department interpretation of electrocardiograms. Ann Emerg Med. 1992; 21(5):541–4.
) Todd KH, Hoffman JR, Morgan MT. Effect of cardiologist ECG review on emergency department practice. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(1):16–21.
) Aufderheide TP, Keelan MH, Hendley GE, et al. Milwaukee Prehospital Chest Pain Project: Phase I. Feasibility and accuracy of prehospital thrombolytic candidate selection. Am J Cardiol. 1992; 69: 991–9.
) De Jager J, Wallis L, Maritz D. Int J. ECG interpretation skills of South African Emergency Medicine residents. Emerg Med. 2010;3(4):309-14.
) www.aku.edu.tr/AKU/DosyaYonetimi/TIP/pdf/ucep.pdf ) www.uteak.org.tr )www.tuk.saglik.gov.tr/muf/01_acil_tip_v.1.0.pdf ) Nayak H. Cardiology: ECG Essentials. In: Top 30 problems in emergency medicine. A rapid pocket reference and teaching tool, 1st ed. USA: Emergency Medicine Residents’ Association; 1999. p. 15-7.
) Sever M, Karcıoğlu Ö, Aslan Ö, Sever F , Parlak İ , Ersel M. An analysis of accuracy and reliability of emergency department ECG interpretations. Tr J Emerg Med. 2007; 7(2): 56-63.
) Snoey ER,Housset B,Guyon P, et al. Analysis of emergency department interpretation of ECGs. J Accid Emerg Med 1994;11(3):149-53.
) Cruz MF, Edwards J, et al. The effect of clinical history on accuracy of electrocardiograph interpretation among doctors working in emergency departments. Med J Aust ; 197 (3): 161-5. ) Berger JS et al Competency in electrocardiogram interpretation among internalmedicine and emergency medicine residents.Am J Med 2005; 118(8):873–80.
) Lever A, Larsen P, et al. Are our medical graduates in New Zealand safe and accurate in ECG interpretation? N Z Med J 2009; 122 (1292):9-15.
) Sur DK, Kaye L, Mikus M, Goad J, Morena A.Accuracy of electrocardiogram reading by family practice residents. Fam Med. 2000 ;32(5):315-9.
) Kadish AH, Buxton AW, Elnicki M, et al. ACC/AHA Clinical Competence Statement on Electrocardiography and Ambulatory Electrocardiography: Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/American College of Physicians/American Society of Internal Medicine Task Force on Clinical Competence (ACC/AHA Committee on Electrocardiography and Ambulatory Electrocardiography). J Am Coll Cardiol. In press. ) Madias JE. How I read, and teach other to read ECGs. J Electrocardiol 2006;39(1):110-1.
) Hurst JW The interpretation of electrocardiograms: pretense or a well developed skill? Cardiol Clin ;24(3):305-7. ) Alex J, Auseon DO, Stephen F et al Methods of teaching and evaluating electrocardiogram interpretation skills among cardiology fellowship programs in the United States. Journal of Electrocardiology 2009; (currently in print)
) American College of Cardiology Foundation 2008
Recommendations for training in adult cardiovascular medicine core cardiology training (COCATS 3) (revision of the 2002 COCATS training statement). J Am Coll Cardiol ;51:333
) Salerno SM, Alguire PC, Waxman HS. Competency in interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiograms: a summary and appraisal of published evidence. Ann Intern Med ;138(9):751–60. ) Judith E. Tintinalli, MD, MS, Francis Shofer, PhD, Kevin Biese, MS, Toward a New Paradigm: Goal-based Residency Training. (supp2):S71-S78. ) Postgraduate medical education and training board standarts for curricula march 2005 http://www.gmcuk.org/standarts for curricula assesment systems
) Razzak JA, Ahmed A, Saleem AF, Nasrullah M. Perceived need for emergency medicine training in Pakistan: A survey of medical education leadership Emergency Medicine Australasia 2009; 21(2): 143-6.
) Stahmer S, Kuhn G. Optimizing Resident Training: Results and Recommendations of the 2009 Council of
Residency Directors Consensus Conference Acad Emerg Med. 2010; 17 (Suppl 2):S78-86.

COMPARING THE BASIC AND ADVANCED ECG KNOWLEDGE OF SPECIALTY STUDENTS WHO START THEIR EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINIC TRAININGS AND THE ONES WHO HAVE FINISHED 2 YEARS AT SERVICE

Year 2015, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 60 - 65, 01.06.2015

At Servıce Ali Savaş Miran Vermi Değerli Gökhan Elçin Yasin Demir Erman Yıldırım Selda Özel Coşkun Neslihan Siliv İsmet Parlak

Abstract

Evaluating the ECGs in Emergency Services is extremely important in diagnosis and in determining the treatment methods and discharge of the patients applying with chest pain. There are no studies in our country that evaluate the basic and advanced ECG knowledge of the doctors who start their assistantship in Emergency Services. The studies on the topic were conducted among the ATU specialists and cardiology specialists. In this context, a comparison is aimed between the assistants who start their active duties as specialists and who do not receive any ECG training in their institutions, and the assistants who have received at least one formal ECG course or who have participated in a standard training curriculum and who have 2 years of professional experience as assistants. The study was conducted between September and November 2012 in the city of İzmir with a questionnaire consisting of 50 questions to evaluate the basic and advanced ECG knowledge of the Emergency Medicine Specialty Students EMSS with 0-3 months’, and 24-48 months’ work experience. The necessary consents and permissions were obtained before the study. The students who had experience over 48 months were excluded from the study. After the explanations on the purpose of the study were made and the necessary consents were obtained, the questionnaires were applied to the EMSS students who consented to participate in the study. The assistants who did not agree to fill in the questionnaire, and those who filled in the questionnaires with missing points were not included in the study. The questions prepared were answered by 2 Emergency Medicine Specialists and 1 Cardiology Specialist in full with 100% accuracy. In evaluating the data, the SPSS For Windows 20,0 Package Program Statistical Package of Science on computer was used. In the statistical analysis, the Chi-Square Test was used and the statistical meaningfulness level was accepted as “p

Keywords

Emergency Medicine, ECG, Medical Education, Medical Training.

References

) T.C.S.B. Temel sağlık hizmetleri genel müdürlüğü, Türkiye kalp ve damar hastalıklarını önleme ve kontrol programı (2010-2014).
) T.C.S.B. Sağlık İstatistikleri. www.saglik.gov.tr ) Farida A. Bhuiya, M.P.H.; Stephen R. Pitts, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.C.E.P.; and Linda F. McCaig, M.P.H., Division of Health Care Statistics. Emergency Department Visits for Chest Pain and Abdominal Pain: United States, 1999-2008.
NCHS Data Brief Number 43, September 2010.
) Green GB, Hill PM. Cardiovascular disease: approach to chest pain and possible myocardial ischemia. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS, editors. A comprehensive study guide: textbook of emergency medicine. 5th ed. North Carolina:Mc Graw-Hill; 2000. p. 341-52.
) Schweitzer P. The electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era: Curriculum in cardiology. Am Heart J 1990;119(3 pt1):642-54.
) Lee TH, Rouan GW, Weisberg MC, Brand DA, Acampora D, Stasiulewicz C, et al. Clinical characteristics and natural history of patients with acute myocardial infarction sent home from the emergency room. Am J Cardiol ;60(4):219-24. ) Sanders AB, Cummins RO, Aufderheide TP. The acute coronary syndromes,including acute myocardial infarction. In: Sanders AB, editor. Textbook of advanced cardiac life support. USA: American Heart Association; 1997. p. 12
) Lee TH, Cook EF, Weisberg M, Sargent RK, Wilson C, Goldman L. Acute chest pain in the emergency room: Identification and examination of low risk patients.Arch Intern Med 1985;145(1):65-9.
) Cordan J. Elektrokardiyografi. Türkiye Klinik Kardiyoloji, ;14: 16-9. ) Olgun N. Temel Ve İleriYaşam Desteği. In: Şelimen D. Acil Bakım Kitabı. 2001;2. Baskı, İstanbul, 124-42.
) Acartürk E. Pratik Elektrokardiyografi. 1998;3. Baskı
Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, Adana, 3. ) Ağçal C. Tanrıverdi H. Kardiyoloji Uygulamaları. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri,2003; İstanbul, 1-11.
) Dubin D. Hızlı EKG Yorumu. Çeviri Edit: Okan T,6. Baskı,2009; 6-63.
) Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists Group Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1,000 patients. Lancet 1994;343(8898):311–22.
) Boersma E, Maas AC, Deckers JW et al Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet ;348(9030):771–5.
) Hoyle RJ, Walker KJ, Thomson G. Accuracy of electrocardiogram interpretation improves with emergency medicine training. Emerg Med Australas 2007;19(2):143–
) Zappa MJ, Smith M, Li S. How well do emergency physicians interpret ECGs? Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:463.
) Schaffer JA, Valenzuela TD, Wright AL, et al. Emergency physician interpretation of prehospital, paramedic-acquired electrocardiograms. Prehosp Disaster Med. 1992; 7:251–60.
) Kuhn M, Morgan MT, Hoffman JR. Quality assurance in the emergency department: evaluation of the ECG review process. Ann Emerg Med. 1992; 21(1):10–5.
) Westdorp EJ, Gratton MC, Watson WA. Emergency department interpretation of electrocardiograms. Ann Emerg Med. 1992; 21(5):541–4.
) Todd KH, Hoffman JR, Morgan MT. Effect of cardiologist ECG review on emergency department practice. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27(1):16–21.
) Aufderheide TP, Keelan MH, Hendley GE, et al. Milwaukee Prehospital Chest Pain Project: Phase I. Feasibility and accuracy of prehospital thrombolytic candidate selection. Am J Cardiol. 1992; 69: 991–9.
) De Jager J, Wallis L, Maritz D. Int J. ECG interpretation skills of South African Emergency Medicine residents. Emerg Med. 2010;3(4):309-14.
) www.aku.edu.tr/AKU/DosyaYonetimi/TIP/pdf/ucep.pdf ) www.uteak.org.tr )www.tuk.saglik.gov.tr/muf/01_acil_tip_v.1.0.pdf ) Nayak H. Cardiology: ECG Essentials. In: Top 30 problems in emergency medicine. A rapid pocket reference and teaching tool, 1st ed. USA: Emergency Medicine Residents’ Association; 1999. p. 15-7.
) Sever M, Karcıoğlu Ö, Aslan Ö, Sever F , Parlak İ , Ersel M. An analysis of accuracy and reliability of emergency department ECG interpretations. Tr J Emerg Med. 2007; 7(2): 56-63.
) Snoey ER,Housset B,Guyon P, et al. Analysis of emergency department interpretation of ECGs. J Accid Emerg Med 1994;11(3):149-53.
) Cruz MF, Edwards J, et al. The effect of clinical history on accuracy of electrocardiograph interpretation among doctors working in emergency departments. Med J Aust ; 197 (3): 161-5. ) Berger JS et al Competency in electrocardiogram interpretation among internalmedicine and emergency medicine residents.Am J Med 2005; 118(8):873–80.
) Lever A, Larsen P, et al. Are our medical graduates in New Zealand safe and accurate in ECG interpretation? N Z Med J 2009; 122 (1292):9-15.
) Sur DK, Kaye L, Mikus M, Goad J, Morena A.Accuracy of electrocardiogram reading by family practice residents. Fam Med. 2000 ;32(5):315-9.
) Kadish AH, Buxton AW, Elnicki M, et al. ACC/AHA Clinical Competence Statement on Electrocardiography and Ambulatory Electrocardiography: Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/American College of Physicians/American Society of Internal Medicine Task Force on Clinical Competence (ACC/AHA Committee on Electrocardiography and Ambulatory Electrocardiography). J Am Coll Cardiol. In press. ) Madias JE. How I read, and teach other to read ECGs. J Electrocardiol 2006;39(1):110-1.
) Hurst JW The interpretation of electrocardiograms: pretense or a well developed skill? Cardiol Clin ;24(3):305-7. ) Alex J, Auseon DO, Stephen F et al Methods of teaching and evaluating electrocardiogram interpretation skills among cardiology fellowship programs in the United States. Journal of Electrocardiology 2009; (currently in print)
) American College of Cardiology Foundation 2008
Recommendations for training in adult cardiovascular medicine core cardiology training (COCATS 3) (revision of the 2002 COCATS training statement). J Am Coll Cardiol ;51:333
) Salerno SM, Alguire PC, Waxman HS. Competency in interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiograms: a summary and appraisal of published evidence. Ann Intern Med ;138(9):751–60. ) Judith E. Tintinalli, MD, MS, Francis Shofer, PhD, Kevin Biese, MS, Toward a New Paradigm: Goal-based Residency Training. (supp2):S71-S78. ) Postgraduate medical education and training board standarts for curricula march 2005 http://www.gmcuk.org/standarts for curricula assesment systems
) Razzak JA, Ahmed A, Saleem AF, Nasrullah M. Perceived need for emergency medicine training in Pakistan: A survey of medical education leadership Emergency Medicine Australasia 2009; 21(2): 143-6.
) Stahmer S, Kuhn G. Optimizing Resident Training: Results and Recommendations of the 2009 Council of
Residency Directors Consensus Conference Acad Emerg Med. 2010; 17 (Suppl 2):S78-86.

There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	At Servıce This is me Ali Savaş Miran This is me Vermi Değerli This is me Gökhan Elçin This is me Yasin Demir This is me Erman Yıldırım This is me Selda Özel Coşkun This is me Neslihan Siliv This is me İsmet Parlak This is me
Publication Date	June 1, 2015
Published in Issue	Year 2015 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Servıce, A., Miran, A. S., Değerli, V., Elçin, G., et al. (2015). ACİL TIP KLİNİKLERİNDE EĞİTİMİNE YENİ BAŞLAYAN UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE 2 YILINI BİTİRMİŞ OLANLARIN TEMEL VE İLERİ DÜZEY EKG BİLGİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. İzmir Eğitim Ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, 19(2), 60-65.
AMA	Servıce A, Miran AS, Değerli V, Elçin G, Demir Y, Yıldırım E, Coşkun SÖ, Siliv N, Parlak İ. ACİL TIP KLİNİKLERİNDE EĞİTİMİNE YENİ BAŞLAYAN UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE 2 YILINI BİTİRMİŞ OLANLARIN TEMEL VE İLERİ DÜZEY EKG BİLGİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. İzmir EAH Tıp Der. June 2015;19(2):60-65.
Chicago	Servıce, At, Ali Savaş Miran, Vermi Değerli, Gökhan Elçin, Yasin Demir, Erman Yıldırım, Selda Özel Coşkun, Neslihan Siliv, and İsmet Parlak. “ACİL TIP KLİNİKLERİNDE EĞİTİMİNE YENİ BAŞLAYAN UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE 2 YILINI BİTİRMİŞ OLANLARIN TEMEL VE İLERİ DÜZEY EKG BİLGİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI”. İzmir Eğitim Ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi 19, no. 2 (June 2015): 60-65.
EndNote	Servıce A, Miran AS, Değerli V, Elçin G, Demir Y, Yıldırım E, Coşkun SÖ, Siliv N, Parlak İ (June 1, 2015) ACİL TIP KLİNİKLERİNDE EĞİTİMİNE YENİ BAŞLAYAN UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE 2 YILINI BİTİRMİŞ OLANLARIN TEMEL VE İLERİ DÜZEY EKG BİLGİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. İzmir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi 19 2 60–65.
IEEE	A. Servıce, “ACİL TIP KLİNİKLERİNDE EĞİTİMİNE YENİ BAŞLAYAN UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE 2 YILINI BİTİRMİŞ OLANLARIN TEMEL VE İLERİ DÜZEY EKG BİLGİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI”, İzmir EAH Tıp Der, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 60–65, 2015.
ISNAD	Servıce, At et al. “ACİL TIP KLİNİKLERİNDE EĞİTİMİNE YENİ BAŞLAYAN UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE 2 YILINI BİTİRMİŞ OLANLARIN TEMEL VE İLERİ DÜZEY EKG BİLGİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI”. İzmir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi 19/2 (June 2015), 60-65.
JAMA	Servıce A, Miran AS, Değerli V, Elçin G, Demir Y, Yıldırım E, Coşkun SÖ, Siliv N, Parlak İ. ACİL TIP KLİNİKLERİNDE EĞİTİMİNE YENİ BAŞLAYAN UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE 2 YILINI BİTİRMİŞ OLANLARIN TEMEL VE İLERİ DÜZEY EKG BİLGİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. İzmir EAH Tıp Der. 2015;19:60–65.
MLA	Servıce, At et al. “ACİL TIP KLİNİKLERİNDE EĞİTİMİNE YENİ BAŞLAYAN UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE 2 YILINI BİTİRMİŞ OLANLARIN TEMEL VE İLERİ DÜZEY EKG BİLGİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI”. İzmir Eğitim Ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, vol. 19, no. 2, 2015, pp. 60-65.
Vancouver	Servıce A, Miran AS, Değerli V, Elçin G, Demir Y, Yıldırım E, Coşkun SÖ, Siliv N, Parlak İ. ACİL TIP KLİNİKLERİNDE EĞİTİMİNE YENİ BAŞLAYAN UZMANLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ İLE 2 YILINI BİTİRMİŞ OLANLARIN TEMEL VE İLERİ DÜZEY EKG BİLGİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. İzmir EAH Tıp Der. 2015;19(2):60-5.

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