SPECIES COMPOSITION OF TINTINNIDS İN THE NERITIC WATER OF IZMIR BAY (AEGEAN SEA, TURKEY) AND SEASONAL VARIATIONS

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 20 - 29, 01.01.2016

Fatma Çolak Sabancı , Tufan Koray

https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16003

Abstract

Tintinnid species
composition and abundance were examined seasonal at 9 stations (0.5 m, 5.0 m,
10.0 m and 15.0 m) in Izmir Bay between November 2008 and July 2010. During the
study period, belonging to the class Ciliata, 17 taxa were determined. Stenosemella nivalis, Tintin­nopsis cylindrica and Undella hyalina were the dominant
species observed in almost all the stations. The lowest number of species was
found in April 2009 with 3 species whereas the highest number of species was
determined in March 2010 with 12 species. The minimum and the maximum cell
density of the class Ciliata were observed in April 2009 (0.039x10³ cell lt^-1),
and
July 2010 (152x10³
cell lt^-1) respectively. In this period, the species with respect
to the high cell density were Helicostomella subulata, Salpingella
decurtata and Steenstrupiella ste­enstrupii. These
three species reached their maximum cell densities in the stations located in
the inner bay where the environment was under the influence of domestic and
industrial was­tewaters. The Shannon-Wiener
diversity index values varied between 0.032 (Station 22) and 2.165 (Station
20).  Additionally, a negative relationship was
determined between tintin­nid and phytoplankton abundance. 

Keywords

Tintinnid species composition, abundance, diversity index, Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea

İZMİR KÖRFEZİ (EGE DENİZİ)’NİN NERİTİK SULARINDA DAĞILIM GÖSTEREN TİNTİNNİD’LERİN TÜR KOMPOSİZYONU VE MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİ

Abstract

İzmir
Körfezi’nde Ciliata tür komposizyonu ve bolluğu Ka­sım 2008 ile Temmuz 2010
tarihleri arasında 9 istasyonda (0.5 m, 5.0 m, 10.0 m
ve 15.0 m) mevsimsel olarak incelenmiştir. Yapı­lan çalışmalar sonucunda Ciliata
sınıfına ait toplam 17 taksa saptanmıştır. Stenosemella
nivalis, Tintinnopsis cylindrica
ve Undella hyalina hemen hemen tüm
istasyonlarda gözlenen baskın türlerdir. 
Çalışmada en düşük tür sayısı 3 tür ile Nisan 2009 döneminde, en yüksek
tür sayısı ise 12 tür ile Mart 2010 döneminde saptanmıştır. Ciliata sınıfındaki en düşük hücre yoğunluğu Nisan 2009
döneminde (0.039x10³ hücre lt^-1), en yüksek hücre yoğunluğu Temmuz 2010 dö­neminde
(152x10³
hücre lt^-1) gözlenmiştir.
Bu dönemde, yüksek hücre yoğunluğuna neden olan türler Helicostomella subulata, Salpingella
decurtata ve Steenstrupiella steen­strupii'
dir. Bu üç tür de evsel ve endüstriyel atıksuların etkisi altında bulunan iç
körfez istasy­onlarında en yüksek hücre yoğunluğuna ulaşmışlardır. Shannon- Wiener çeşitlilik
indeks değeri 0.032-2.165 bits arasında değişmekte, en düşük çeşitlilik indeks
değeri ise 22 nolu ista­syonda, en yüksek çeşitli­lik indeks değeri ise 20 nolu
istasyonda saptanmıştır. Ayrıca yapılan çalışmada tintinnid bollu­ğunun
fitoplankton bolluğu ile negatif yönlü bir ilişki gösterdiği saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Tintinnid tür komposizyonu, bolluk, çeşitlilik indeksi, İzmir körfezi, Ege Denizi

References

• Balkıs, N., (2004). Tintinnids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) of the Büyükçekmece Bay in the Sea of Marmara. Scientia Marina, 68, 33-44.
• Balkıs, N., & Toklu Alıçlı, B., (2009). Tintinnid (Protozoa: Ciliophora) species in the Edremit Bay, IUFS Journal of Biology, 68(1), 47-53.
• Bockstahler, K.R., & Coats, D.W., (1993a). Spatial and temporal aspects of mixotrophy in Che-sapeake Bay dinoflagellates. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 40(1), 49-60.
• Bockstahler, K.R., & Coats, D.W., (1993b). Grazing of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gym-nodinium sanguineum on ciliate populations of Chesapeake Bay. Marine Biology, 116, 477-487.
• Bojanić, N., Šolić, M., Krstulović, N., Sestano¬vić, S., Ninčević Gladan Z., Marasović I., & Brautović, I., (2006). The role of ciliates within the microbial food web in the eutrophicated part of Kastela Bay (Middle Adriatic Sea). Scientia Marina, 70(3), 431-442.
• Burkill, P.H., Mantoura, R.F.C., Llewellyn, C.A., & Owens, N.J.P., (1987). Microzooplankton grazing and selectivity of phytoplankton in coastal waters. Marine Biology, 93, 581-590.
• Buskey, E.J., & Hyatt, C.J., (1995). Effects of the Texas (USA) ‘brown tide’ alga on planktonic grazers. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 126, 285-292.
• Coelho, S., Gamito, S., & Pérez-Ruzafa, A., (2007). Trophic state of Foz de Almargem coastal lagoon (Algarve, South Portugal) based on the water quality and the phytoplankton community. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 71, 218-231.
• Çolak Sabancı, F., & Koray, T., (2001). The impact of pollution on the vertical and horizontal distribution of microplankton in İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea) (in Turkish). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18(1-2), 187-202.
• Çolak Sabancı, F., & Koray, T., (2005). The phytoplanktonic species diversity variations in the Bay of Izmir between the years 1998-2001(in Turkish). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(3-4), 273-280.
• Çolak Sabancı, F., & Koray, T., (2011a), Annual Variation in the Diversity, Species Richness and Composition of the Phytoplankton Assemblages in the Izmir Bay (Eastern Aegean). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11: 303-313.
• Çolak Sabancı, F., & Koray, T., (2011b). The seasonal changes of diatom species composition and species diversity in Izmir Bay between 2008-2010. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 28(2), 53-58.
• Çolak Sabancı, F., & Koray, T., (2012). The Dinoflagellat Species Distributed in İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea) and The Seasonal Changes of Species Diversity. Review of Hydrobiology, 5(2), 71-84.
• Dolan, J.R., & Coats, D.W., (1990). Seasonal abundances of plank-tonic ciliates and microflagellates in mesohaline Chesapeake Bay waters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 31, 157-175.
• Ergen, Z., (1967). İzmir Körfezi’nde tesbit edilen başlıca planktonik organizmalar. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi İlmi Raporlar Serisi, 47, 3-27.
• Fenchel, T., (1987). Ecology of Protozoa: The Biology of Free-living Phagotrophic Protists. Science Tech./Springer, Berlin, 197 pp.
• Hansen, P.J., (1991). Quantitative importance and trophic role of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in a coastal pelagial food web. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 73, 253-261.
• Hansen, P.J., Bjørnsen, P.K., & Hansen, B.W., (1997). Zooplankton grazing and growth: scaling within the 2–2,000-mm body size range. Limnology and Oceanography, 42(4), 687-704.
• Heinbokel, J.F., & Beers, J.R., (1979). Studies on the function role of tintinnids in the southern California Bright. III. Grazing impact of natural assemblages. Marine Biology, 52, 23-32.
• Hollibaugh, J.T., Fuhrman, J.A., & Azam, F., (1980). Radioactively labeling of natural bacterioplankton for use in trophic studies. Limnology and Oceanography, 25, 172-181.
• Jeong, H.J., Shim, J.H., Lee, C.W., Kim, J.S., & Koh, S.M., (1999): Growth and grazing rates of the marine planktonic ciliate Strombidinopsis sp. on redtide and toxic dinoflagellates. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 46(1), 69-76.
• Jonsson, P.R., (1986). Particle size selection, feeding rates and growth dynamics of marine planktonic ligotrichous ciliates (Ciliophora: Oligotrichina). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 33: 265-277.
• Kato, S., & Taniguchi, A., (1993). Tintinnid ciliates as indicator species of different water masses in the western North Pacific Polar Front, Fisheries Oceanography, 2, 166-174.
• Kimor, B., & Golandsky, B., (1977). Microplankton of the Gulf of Elat: aspects of seasonal and bathymetric distribution. Marine Biology, 42, 55-67.
• Kontas, A., Kucuksezgin, F., Altay, O., & Uluturhan, E., (2004). Monitoring of eutrophication and nutrient limitation in the Izmir Bay (Turkey) before and after Wastewater Tre¬atment Plant. Environmental International, 29, 1057-1062.
• Koray, T., & Özel, İ., (1983). İzmir Körfezi planktonundan saptanan Tintinnoinea türleri. I. Ulusal Deniz ve Tatlısu Araştırmaları Kong¬resi Tebliğleri. 15-17 Ekim 1981, İzmir. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri B (I), 221-244.
• Koray, T., (1987). Comparison of diversity indices for determination of variations in phytoplankton communities. Doğa Mühendislik ve Çevre Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 242-253.
• Koray, T., Gökpınar, Ş., Polat, S., Türkoğlu, M., Yurga, L., Çolak, F., Benli, H.A., & Sarıhan, E., (2000). Türkiye Denizlerinin (Karadeniz, Ege Denizi ve Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz) mikroplankton (bir hücreliler) topluluklarının Kalitatif özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17(3-4), 231-247.
• Lee, J.B., & Kim, Y.H., (2010). Distribution of Tintinnids (Loricate Ciliates) in East Asian Waters in Summer, in: Ishimatsu, A., Lie H.J., (editors) Coastal Environmental and Ecosystem Issues of the East China Sea, 173-180.
• Nakamura, Y., Suzuki, S., & Hiromi, J., (1996). Development and collapse of a Gymnodinium mikimotoi red tide in the Seto Inland Sea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 10, 131-137.
• Nakane, T., Nakaka K., Bouman, H., & Platt, T., (2008). Environmental control of shortterm variation in the plankton community of inner Tokyo Bay, Japan. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 78, 796-810.
• Nielsen, T.G., Kiørboe, T., & Bjørnsen, P.K., (1990). Effects of a Chrysochromulina polylepis subsurface bloom on the planktonic community. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 62, 21-35.
• Paranjape, M., (1980). Occurrence and significance of resting cysts in a hyaline tintinnid Helicostomella subulata (Ehre.) Jorgensen. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 48, 23-33.
• Paranjape, M.A., (1990). Microzooplankton herbivory on the Grand Bank (New found land, Canada): a seasonal study. Marine Biology, 107, 321-328.
• Pierce, R.W., & Turner, J.T., (1993). Global bioge¬ography of marine tintinnids. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 94, 11-26.
• Semina, H.J., (1978). Treatment of an Aliquot Sample. In: A. Sournia (Ed.), Phytoplankton Manual, UNESCO, 181 pp.
• Sherr, E.B., & Sherr, B.F., (1994). Bacterivory and herbivory: key roles of phagotrophic protists in pelagic food webs. Microbial Ecology, 28, 223-235.
• Sorokin, Y.I., (1977). The heterotrophic phase of plankton succession in the Japan Sea. Marine Biology, 41, 107-117.
• Stoecker, D., Guillard, R.R.L., & Kavee, R.M., (1981). Selective predation by Favella ehrenbergii (Tintinnia) on and among dinoflagellates. The Biological Bulletin, 160, 136-145.
• Stoecker, D., Davis, L.H., & Provan, A., (1983). Growth of Favella sp. (Ciliata: Tintinnina) and other microzooplankters in cages incubated in situ and comparison to growth in vitro. Marine Biology, 75, 293-302.
• Stoecker, D., & Davis, L.H., Anderson, D.M., (1984). Fine scale of spatial correlations between planktonic ciliates and dinoflagellates. Journal of Plankton Research, 6(5), 829-842.
• Tregouboff, G., & Rose, M., (1957). Manuel De Planctonologie Mediterraneenne. Centre National De La Resherche Scientifique, Paris.
• Venrick, E.L., (1978). How many cells to count? In Phytoplankton manual, ed. A. Sournia, 167-180. UK: UNESCO.
• Watras, C.J., Garcon, V.C., Olson, R.J., Chisholm, S.W., & Anderson, D.M., (1985). The effect of zooplankton grazing on estuarine blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis. Journal Plankton Research, 7(6), 891-908.