Evaluation of Water Quality in Eutrophic Shallow Lakes: Case Study on Lake Uluabat, Turkey

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 18 - 28, 20.03.2018

Saadet Hacısalihoğlu , Feza Karaer

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.18004

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Lake Uluabat is one of the most important shallow lakes in Turkey. The lake is located 15 km south of the Marmara Sea and 30 km west of the city of Bursa. The lake is very important in terms of biodiversity, but knowledge of its water quality is somewhat limited. The objective of this study was to assess water quality in Lake Uluabat and provide information for future management decisions. The temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen species, phosphorus species, and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations were monitored monthly at ten sampling points in the lake between August 2013 and July 2014. As a result, it was determined that the lake water has the characteristics of class 4 waters according to the Turkish Surface Water Quality Management Regulations (SWQMR). Also it was determined that Mustafakemalpaşa Brook carries significant amount of pollution loads into the lake. According to qualitative and quantitative observations, the effects of human impact and current status of the lake were determined. The physical and chemical characteristics of the lake water have changed according to human activities and nutrient loadings. According to the trophic level values and concentration values, the Lake exceeded the regulation limits. 

Keywords

Lake Uluabat, Monitoring, Pollution, Trophic State, Water Quality

References

• [1] Karaer, F. Katip, A. İleri, S. Sarmaşik, S. Aydoğan, N. (2013) Dissolved and particulate trace elements’ configuration: Case study from a shallow lake. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 8(24): 1319-1333.
• [2] Xu, L. Li, H. Liang, X. Yao, Y. Zhou, L. Cui, X. (2012) Water quality parameters response to temperature change in small shallow lakes. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 47-48: 128-134.
• [3] Bulut, C. Atay, R. Uysal, K. Köse, E. Çınar, Ş. (2010) Evaluation of surface water quality of Lake Uluabat. Istanbul University, Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, (2010) 25 (1):9-18, ISSN: 2149-9659.
• [4] Harper, H.H. (2010) Evaluation of surface water quality characteristics in Casselberry Lakes. Florida: Final Report, City of Casselberry Public Works Department.
• [5] Zhou, X. Shan, B. Zhang, H. (2010) Phosphorus release: A biogeochemical insight from a restored lakeside wetland in the Yangtze-Huaihe region, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 22(3): 347–354.
• [6] Iscen, C.F. Emiroglu, Ö. İlhan, S. Arslan, N. Yılmaz, V. Ahiska, S. (2007) Application of multivariate statistical techniques in the assessment of surface water quality in Uluabat Lake, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9989-3.
• [7] Akbulut, M. Kaya, H. Çelik, E.Ş. Odabaşı, D.A. Odabaşı, S.S. Selvi, K. (2010) Assessment of Surface Water Quality in the Atikhisar Reservoir and Sarıçay Creek (Çanakkale, Turkey) Ecology 19,74:139-149.
• [8] Katip, A. İleri, S. Karaer, F. Onur, S. (2015) Determination of Trophic State in Lake Uluabat (Bursa-Turkey). Ecology doi: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.07
• [9] Toor, G.S. Han, L. Stanley, C.D. (2013) Temporal variability in water quality parameters a case study of drinking water reservoir in Florida, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185(5), 4305-4320.
• [10] İleri, S. Karaer, F. Katip, A. Onur, S. (2014) Evaluation of Water Quality in Shallow Lakes, Case Study of Lake Uluabat. Uludağ University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, 19 (1), 47-58.
• [11] Dalkıran, N. Karacaoğlu, D. Dere, S. Sentürk, E. Torunoğlu, T. (2006) Factors affecting the current status of a eutrophic shallow lake (Lake Uluabat, Turkey): Relationships between water physical and chemical variables. Chemistry and Ecology, 22, 279–298.
• [12] Apha. AWWA. (1998) Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Heallth Association, 20th Edition. Washington DC., USA.
• [13] Beyhan, M. and Kaçıkoç, M. (2014) Evaluation of Water Quality from the Perspective of Eutrophication in Lake Eğirdir, Turkey, Water, Air & Soil Pollution, DOI 10.1007/s11270-014-1994-x, (2014)225:1-13.
• [14] MFWA (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs), (2012). Surface water quality management regulation (in Turkish), Official Gazette (dated 30 November 2012, numbered 28483), Ankara.
• [15] Chapman, D. (1992) Water Quality Assessment: A Quide to The Use of Biota, Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring. Chapman & Hall., UNESCO/WHO/UNEP, p: 51-87.
• [16] Zhou, J.X. Wang, J. Wang, P.F. Hua, Y. Liu, B. Li, J. (2012) Wavelet Analysis of Water Quality Changes in Dianchi Lake during the past 7a. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 5, 280-288.
• [17] Singh, A.P. Srivastava, P.C. Srivastava, P. (2008) Relationships of Heavy Metals in Natural Lake Waters with Physico-chemical Characteristics of Waters and Different Chemical Fractions of Metals in Sediments. Water Air Soil Pollut. 188 p: 181-193.
• [18] Paka, S. Rao, A.N. (1997) Interrelationships of physicochemical factors of a pond. Journal of Environmental Biology, 18, 67–72.
• [19] Straskraba, M. Blazka, P. Brandl, Z. Hejzlar, P. Komarkova, J. Kubecka, J. Nesmerak, I. Prochazkova, L. Straskrabova, V. Vyhnalek, V. (1993) Framework for investigation and evaluation of reservoir water quality in Czechoslovakia. Comparative Reservoir Limnology and Water Quality Management, 1, 169-212.
• [20] Karaer, F. Katip, A. İleri, S. Sarmaşık, S. Aksoy, E. Öztürk, C. (2012) The Spatial and Temporal Changes in Water Quality Parameters of a Shallow Lake. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, Vol.14(10), 2263-2274.
• [21] Barko, J.W. James, W.F. (1997) Effects of submerged aquatic macrophytes on nutrient dynamics, sedimentation and resuspension. The structuring role of submerged macrophytes in lakes. Ecological studies, 131,197-214, New York, Springer-Verlag.
• [22] Horppila, J. Nurminen, L. (2001) The effect of an emergent macrophyte (Typha angustifolia) on sediment resuspension in a shallow north temperate lake. Freshwater Biology, 46(11):1447-1455.
• [23] Kolzau, S. Wiedner, C. Rücker, J. Köhler, J. Köhler, A. Dolman, A.M. (2014) Seasonal Patterns of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Limitation in Four German Lakes and the Predictability of Limitation Status from Ambient Nutrient Concentrations. Pattern and Predictability of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Limitation. Open accsess Plos One, www.plosone.org, Volume 9(4), DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096065.
• [24] Aksoy, E. Özsoy, G. (2002) Investigation of multi-temporal land use/cover and shoreline changes of the Uluabat Lake Ramsar site using RS and GIS, paper presented at the International Conference on Sustainable Land Use and Management, Canakkale, Turkey, 13 October 2002, Vol. 1, 13-22.
• [25] Chai, C. Yu, Z. Song, X. Cao, X. (2006) The status and characteristics of eutrophication in the Yangtze River (Changjiang) Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea, China. Hydrobiologia 563: 313–328.
• [26] Ji, Z.G. (2008) Hydrodynamics and water quality: modeling rivers, lakes and estuaries (p. 676). Hoboken: Wiley- Interscience, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• [27] Ayvaz, M. Tenekecioğlu, E. Koru, E. (2011) Afşar Baraj Gölü'nün (Manisa Türkiye)Trofik Statüsünün Belirlenmesi. Ecology 81: 37-47. [28] Specchiulli, A. Focardi, S. Renzi, M. Scirocco, T. Cilenti, L. Breber, P. Bastianon, S. (2008) Environmental heterogeneity patterns and assessment of trophic levels in two Mediterranean lagoons: Orbetello and Varano, Italy. Science of the total environment 402: 285-298. [29] Carlson, R.E. (1977) A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 22, 361–369.
• [30] Akdeniz, S. Karaer, F. Katip, A. Aksoy, E. (2011) A GIS-based Method for Shallow Lake Eutrophication Assessment Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences 5(15): 195-202.
• [31] Coelho, S. Gamıto, S. Pe´rez-ruzafa, A. (2007) Trophic State of Foz De Almargem Coastal Lagoon (Algarve, South Portugal) Based on The Water Quality and The Phytoplankton Community. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 71: 218-231.