Effects of temperature rise on grapevine phenology (Vitis vinifera L.): Impacts on early flowering and harvest in the 2024 Growing Season

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 970 - 979

Turcan Teker

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.4.26

Abstract

Numerous studies have documented that climate change will considerably impact grapevine phenology. In the 2024 growing season, notable differences emerged from the previous five years, between 2019 and 2023. Rising temperatures at the beginning of the growth cycle of grapevines began the phenology phases earlier, leading to earlier bud burst and flowering for various grape varieties in many regions of Türkiye. This study examines variations in phenological phases across different years, using short-term climate data from a weather station in a cv. Sultan 7 (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard in Yunusemre, Manisa, Türkiye. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of temperature fluctuations ranging from January to September on grapevine phenology intervals during critical stages: bud burst, full bloom, veraison, and maturity, specifically for between 2019 and 2024. Evaluations focused on critical factors, including growth cycle duration, days within specific temperature ranges, effective heat summation for the variety, and the Winkler Index values. The 2024 growing season recorded the highest temperatures in April and June, and bud burst occurred 5 days (2021) to 10 days (2019) earlier, while full bloom was determined for 16 days (2019 and 2022) to 27 days (2021) earlier than in previous years. The findings showed that years characterized by earlier flowering, 2024 (day of the year (DOY) 120) and 2022 (DOY 136), may be associated with earlier harvest. In addition, the Winkler Index recorded a highest of 2945.01 growing degree days (GDD) in 2024, with a specific effective heat summation value of 2,138.79 GDD for variety in a shorter timeframe. The findings suggest that although the intervals between veraison and harvest tend to remain almost similar each year, early flowering, the ripening period, and elevated temperatures before veraison in the same season can greatly contribute to prompting an earlier harvest.

Keywords

Bloom, Phenology, Heat requirement, Grape, Climate change, Vineyard

Sıcaklık Artışının Üzüm Fenolojisi Üzerindeki Etkileri: 2024 Yılı Vejetasyon Sezonunda Erken Çiçeklenme ve Hasat Zamanı Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Birçok çalışma, iklim değişikliğinin asma fenolojisini önemli ölçüde etkileyeceğini belgelemiştir. 2024 büyüme sezonunda, önceki beş yıldan önemli farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Asmaların büyüme döngüsünün başlangıcındaki artan sıcaklıklar, fenoloji evrelerini daha erken başlatmış ve Türkiye'nin birçok bölgesinde çeşitli üzüm çeşitleri için tomurcukların daha erken açılmasına ve erken çiçeklenme evrelerine yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye, Manisa, Yunusemre'deki cv. Sultan 7 (Vitis vinifera L.) bağındaki bir hava istasyonundan alınan kısa vadeli iklim verileri kullanılarak değişen yıllardaki fenolojik evrelerdeki farklılıklar incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, Ocak ayından Eylül ayına kadar olan sıcaklık dalgalanmalarının, özellikle 2019 ve 2024 yılları arasında, kritik evreler olan gözlerde uyanma, tam çiçeklenme, ben düşme ve olgunluk sırasında asma fenolojisi aralıkları üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Değerlendirmeler, vejetasyon döngü süresi, belirli sıcaklık aralıklarındaki günler, çeşit için etkili sıcaklık toplamı ve Winkler Endeksi değerleri gibi kritik faktörlere odaklanmıştır. 2024 büyüme sezonunda en yüksek sıcaklıklar Nisan ve Haziran aylarında kaydedilirken, gözlerin uyanma dönemi 5 gün (2021) ile 10 gün (2019), tam çiçeklenme ise önceki yıllara göre 16 gün (2019 ve 2022) ila 27 gün (2021) daha erken gerçekleşmiştir. Bulgular, daha erken çiçeklenme ile karakterize edilen yılların, 2024 (DOY 120) ve 2022'nin (DOY 136), daha erken hasatla ilişkili olabileceğini göstermiştir. Ek olarak, Winkler Endeksi değerinin 2024'te 2945.01 Gün Derece (GD) ile en yüksek değeri kaydetti ve daha kısa bir zaman diliminde çeşit için 2138.79 GD'lik belirli bir etkili ısı toplama değeri elde edildi. Bulgular, ben düşme ile hasat arasındaki aralıkların her yıl neredeyse aynı kalma eğiliminde olmasına rağmen, sezondaki erken çiçeklenme aşaması ve ben düşmeden önce Haziran ayındaki yüksek sıcaklıkların daha erken bir hasadı teşvik etmeye önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Çiçeklenme, ısı, üzüm, iklim değişikliği, bağ, sıcaklık

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