<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>jbachs</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2564-7288</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Dokuz Eylul University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30621/jbachs.1170430</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Health Care Administration</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <article-title>Psychometric Properties of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2473-192X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çelik</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ferya</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-3120</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bektaş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hicran</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>AKDENIZ UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230531">
                    <day>05</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>7</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>671</fpage>
                                        <lpage>683</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220903">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>03</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230209">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>09</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>Purpose: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major public health problem worldwide and it leads to increase in morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) in Turkish patients with Chronic liver disease (CLD).Material and Methods: The study was conducted in the methodological research design. Using a convenience sampling method 235 patients with CLD in a university hospital, located in southern Turkey.  The instrument’s psychometric properties were examined to determine factor analysis, criterion-related validity, internal consistency, interrater reliability.Results: The patients average age was 55.48±12.02 years. Viral hepatitis was the most common etiology of CLD (53.6%).  The total sample had a mean CLDQ score of 4.73±1.12. The factor analysis revealed that the scale consists of six sub-dimensions. No item was removed from the original scale. Cronbach&#039;s alpha coefficient was found as 0.95. Conclusion: Valid and reliable measurement tools are needed to evaluate health related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with liver disease. Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measurement instrument.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Chronic Liver Disease</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  CLDQ</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  nursing care</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  reliability</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  validity</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                                                <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">This study was supported by funding from Akdeniz University Teaching Staff Training Program.</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                    </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1.	Marcellin P, Kutala BK. Liver diseases: A major, neglected global public health problem requiring urgent actions and large‐scale screening. Liver International. 2018; 38: 2-6.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">2.	Asrani SK, Devarbhavi H, Eaton J, Kamath PS. Burden of liver diseases in the world. Journal of Hepatology. 2019; 70(1): 151-171.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">3.	Sepanlou SG, Safiri S, Bisignano C. et al. The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology. 2020; 5(3): 245-266.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">4.	Stepanova M, De Avila L, Afendy M. et al Direct and indirect economic burden of chronic liver disease in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016; 15(5): 759-766.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">5.	Souza NPD, Villar LM, Garbin AJÍ. et al. Assessment of health-related quality of life and related factors in patients with chronic liver disease. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2015; 19(6): 590-595.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">6.	Fabrellas N, Carol M, Torrabadella F, de Prada G. Nursing care of patients with chronic liver diseases: Time for action. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2018; 74(3): 498-500.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">7.	Peng JK, Hepgul N, Higginson IJ, Gao W. Symptom prevalence and quality of life of patients with end-stage liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Palliative Medicine. 2019; 33(1): 24-36.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">8.	Younossi ZM. Chronic liver disease and health-related quality of life. Gastroenterology. 2001; 120(1): 305-307.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">9.	Orr JG, Homer T, Ternent L. et al. Health related quality of life in people with advanced chronic liver disease. Journal of Hepatology. 2014; 61(5): 1158-1165.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">10.	Šumskienė J, Kupčinskas L, Šumskas L. Health-related quality of life measurement in chronic liver disease patients. Medicina. 2015; 51(4): 201-208.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">11.	Younossi ZM, Guyatt G, Kiwi M, Boparai N, King D. Development of a disease specific questionnaire to measure health related quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease. Gut. 1999; 45(2): 295-300.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">12.	Abdo AA, Sanai FM. 2015. Quality of life and symptom management. In: Lee, S.S &amp; Moreau, R (Eds), Cirrhosis a Practial Guide to Management. (pp.301-309). UK: Wiley Blackwell.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">13.	Benito de Vale M, Josefsson A, Lindkvist B, Kalaitzakis E. Validation of the Swedish version of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 2012; 47(5),: 614-615.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">14.	Ferrer M, Córdoba J, Garin O, Olivé G, Flavià M, Vargas V, Alonsa J. Validity of the Spanish version of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) as a standard outcome for quality of life assessment. Liver Transplantation. 2006; 12(1): 95-104.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">15.	Mahmoudi H, Jafari P, Alizadeh-Naini M, Gholami S, Malek-Hosseini SA, Ghaffaripour S. Validity and reliability of Persian version of Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). Quality of Life Research. 2012; 21(8): 1479-1485.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">16.	Mucci S, de Albuquerque Citero V, Gonzalez, A.M, et al. Validation of the Brazilian version of Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. Qual Life Res. 2013; 22: 167–172.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">17.	Ranawaka CK, Miththinda JKND, Senanayake SM. et al. Validation of the Sinhala version of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) for assessment of health related quality of life among Sri Lankan cirrhotics. Ceylon Medical Journal. 2013; 58(4): 156-162.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">18.	Ray I, Dutta D, Basu P. De BK. Quality of life assessment of patients with chronic liver disease in eastern India using a Bengali translation chronic liver disease questionnaire. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology. 2010; 29(5): 187-195.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">19.	Schulz KH, Kroencke S, Ewers H, Schulz H, Younossi Z. The factorial structure of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). Quality of Life Research. 2008; 17(4): 575-584.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">20.	Pappa E, Hatzi F, Papadopoulos AA, Niakas D. Psychometrics of the Greek chronic liver disease questionnaire for measuring HRQL. Gastroenterology Research and Practice, 2015.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">21.	Tanaka A, Kikuchi, K, Miura, R. et al. Validation of the Japanese version of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire for the assessment of health‐related quality of life in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatology Research. 2016; 46: 45-50.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">22.	Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Henry L. Performance and validation of Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-Hepatitis C Version (CLDQ-HCV) in clinical trials of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Value in Health, 2016; 19(5): 544-551.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">23.	Chawla KS, Talwalkar JA, Keach JC, Malinchoc M, Lindor KD, Jorgensen R. Reliability and validity of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) in adults with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). BMJ Open Gastroenterology. 2016; 3(1): e000069.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">24.	International Test Commission (2017). The ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests. International Test Commission, Hemel Hempstead, United Kingdom.  www.InTestCom.org</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">25.	Tabachnick BG,  Fidell LS. (2015). Using Multivariate Statistics. Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı (Baloğlu, M., Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">26.	Van Der Plas SM, Hansen BE, De Boer J.B. et al. The Liver Disease Symptom Index 2.0; validation of a disease-specific questionnaire. Quality of Life Research. 2004; 13(8): 1469-1481.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">27.	Eraydin A, Akarsu M, Hakim GD, Keskinoğlu P, Ellidokuz H. The validity and reliability of “The liver disease symptom index 2.0” for Turkish society. Turk J Gastroenterol; 2014; 25: 531-538.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">28.	Jiang C, Zou M, Chen M, Jiang Y, Chang P, Cui Y, Jiang L. Reliability and validity of the Mandarin version of the Continuity Assessment Record and Evaluation for older people who are transferred between hospitals and nursing homes in China. Health &amp; Social Care in the Community. 2020; 28: 1180-1189.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">29.	Sipahi B, Yurtkoru ES, Cinko M. (2008). Data Analysis with SPSS in Social Sciences. Beta Publishing Distribution, Istanbul.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">30.	Kwo PY. Shortness of breath in the patient with chronic liver disease. Clinics in Liver Disease. 2012; 16(2): 321-329.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">31.	Wittmer VL, Lima RT, Maia MC, Duarte H, Paro FM. Respiratory and symptomatic impact of ascites relief by paracentesis in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Arquivos de gastroenterologia, (AHEAD). 2020.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">32.	Baskale H, Turan T. Bedtime rituals and routines of turkish children and perceptions of their mothers. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine. 2017; 4: 22-29.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">33.	Nurko S,  Di Lorenzo,C. Functional abdominal pain: time to get together and move forward. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2008; 47(5),: 679-680.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">34.	Ozkok F, Sunnetcioglu A, Sunnetcioglu S, Karakas E. Turkish culinary culture in the socialization process. Journal of Travel and Hotel Management. 2017; 14(3):110-120.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">35.	Turkish Cultural Foundation, 2020. Eating Habits of the Turks and Their Associated Behaviors. Retrieved from: http://www.turkish-cuisine.org/culinary-culture-202/eating-habits-of-the-turks-199.html?PagingIndex=5 Accessed:29.10.2020</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
