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The levels of indicator bacteria transported to the Black Sea by the Sakarya River (Karasu Region)

Year 2011, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 4 - 14, 01.04.2011

Pelin S. Çiftçi Mine Çardak Gülşen Altuğ

Abstract

Abstract In this study, the counts of indicator bacteria were investigated with the aim of detecting the level of bacteria were carried via the Sakarya River into the Black Sea. The analyses were carried out in the samples of the surface water which were taken from depths between 0-30 cm and 1-3 meters in the Karasu region of the Sakarya River and at the discharge point to Black Sea during the period between March 2008 to January 2009. The samples were analyzed using m-FC NKS and m-Endo NKS by means of membrane filtration technique. The highest total and fecal coliform values were found (28x1012 CFU/100 ml and 14x1012 CFU/100 ml, respectively) in the samples that were taken from the 3rd station. The study results showed that indicator bacteria levels were over the national and international limits for this region and that this situation contributed to the rise of bacterial pollution of the Black Sea.

Keywords

Key words: Sakarya River Karasu Region Indicator bacteria Black Sea

References

  • Akanıl Bingöl, N., Özyurt, S.M., Dayıoğlu, S., Yamık, A., and Solak, C.N. (2007) The epilithic diatoms of upper Porsuk Creek (Kütahya). Ekoloji 62: 23-29.
  • Altuğ, G. (2008) Sapanca Gölü’nde bakteriyolojik kirlilik ve bakteriyolojik metabolik aktivite. Sapanca Gölü’ne bilimsel açıdan bakış. Türk Deniz Araştırmaları Vakfı Yayın No: 29, 132-139.
  • Anon. (2005) World Health Organization (WHO) Swimming Pools, Spas and Similar Recreational Water Environments, in: Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments, vol. 2, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Anon. (2006) Sakarya İl Çevre Durum Raporu. T. C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Ankara.
  • APHA. (1998) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th Edition. Clesceri, L.S., A.E Greenberg and A.D Eaton (eds). American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. Washington, D.C
  • Atıcı, T. (1997) The pollution and Algae in the Sakarya River. Ekoloji 24: 28-32.
  • Burak, S., Duranyıldız, İ., and Yetiş, Ü. (1997) Su Kaynaklarının Yönetimi Ulusal Çevre Eylem Planı. T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • EPA. (2006) Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds, Volunteer Estuary Monitoring: A Methods Manual, Second Edition, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  • Gümrükçüoğlu, M., Baştürk, O. (2008) Sürdürülebilir su yönetiminde nehir kirliliği üzerine bir çalışma. TMMOB 2. Su Politikaları Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı. p:521-529. Işık, S., Şaşal, M., Doğan, E. (2006) Sakarya Nehrinde barajların mansap etkisinin araştırılması. Gazi Üniv. Müh. Mim. Fak. Der. Cilt 21:3, 401– 408.
  • Rheinheimer, G. (1985) Aquatic Microbiology, John Wiley and Sons, Almanya.
  • Shuval, H. (2003) Estimating the global burden of thalassogenic diseases: human infectious diseases caused by wastewater pollution of the marine environment. J. Water Health 1 (2) 53–64.

Year 2011, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 4 - 14, 01.04.2011

Pelin S. Çiftçi Mine Çardak Gülşen Altuğ

Abstract

References

  • Akanıl Bingöl, N., Özyurt, S.M., Dayıoğlu, S., Yamık, A., and Solak, C.N. (2007) The epilithic diatoms of upper Porsuk Creek (Kütahya). Ekoloji 62: 23-29.
  • Altuğ, G. (2008) Sapanca Gölü’nde bakteriyolojik kirlilik ve bakteriyolojik metabolik aktivite. Sapanca Gölü’ne bilimsel açıdan bakış. Türk Deniz Araştırmaları Vakfı Yayın No: 29, 132-139.
  • Anon. (2005) World Health Organization (WHO) Swimming Pools, Spas and Similar Recreational Water Environments, in: Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments, vol. 2, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Anon. (2006) Sakarya İl Çevre Durum Raporu. T. C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Ankara.
  • APHA. (1998) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th Edition. Clesceri, L.S., A.E Greenberg and A.D Eaton (eds). American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. Washington, D.C
  • Atıcı, T. (1997) The pollution and Algae in the Sakarya River. Ekoloji 24: 28-32.
  • Burak, S., Duranyıldız, İ., and Yetiş, Ü. (1997) Su Kaynaklarının Yönetimi Ulusal Çevre Eylem Planı. T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • EPA. (2006) Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds, Volunteer Estuary Monitoring: A Methods Manual, Second Edition, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  • Gümrükçüoğlu, M., Baştürk, O. (2008) Sürdürülebilir su yönetiminde nehir kirliliği üzerine bir çalışma. TMMOB 2. Su Politikaları Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı. p:521-529. Işık, S., Şaşal, M., Doğan, E. (2006) Sakarya Nehrinde barajların mansap etkisinin araştırılması. Gazi Üniv. Müh. Mim. Fak. Der. Cilt 21:3, 401– 408.
  • Rheinheimer, G. (1985) Aquatic Microbiology, John Wiley and Sons, Almanya.
  • Shuval, H. (2003) Estimating the global burden of thalassogenic diseases: human infectious diseases caused by wastewater pollution of the marine environment. J. Water Health 1 (2) 53–64.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Pelin S. Çiftçi This is me

Mine Çardak This is me

Gülşen Altuğ This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çiftçi, P. S. ., Çardak, M. ., & Altuğ, G. . (2011). The levels of indicator bacteria transported to the Black Sea by the Sakarya River (Karasu Region). Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 17(1), 4-14.
AMA Çiftçi PS, Çardak M, Altuğ G. The levels of indicator bacteria transported to the Black Sea by the Sakarya River (Karasu Region). Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. April 2011;17(1):4-14.
Chicago Çiftçi, Pelin S., Mine Çardak, and Gülşen Altuğ. “The Levels of Indicator Bacteria Transported to the Black Sea by the Sakarya River (Karasu Region)”. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment 17, no. 1 (April 2011): 4-14.
EndNote Çiftçi PS, Çardak M, Altuğ G (April 1, 2011) The levels of indicator bacteria transported to the Black Sea by the Sakarya River (Karasu Region). Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment 17 1 4–14.
IEEE P. S. . Çiftçi, M. . Çardak, and G. . Altuğ, “The levels of indicator bacteria transported to the Black Sea by the Sakarya River (Karasu Region)”, Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 4–14, 2011.
ISNAD Çiftçi, Pelin S. et al. “The Levels of Indicator Bacteria Transported to the Black Sea by the Sakarya River (Karasu Region)”. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment 17/1 (April 2011), 4-14.
JAMA Çiftçi PS, Çardak M, Altuğ G. The levels of indicator bacteria transported to the Black Sea by the Sakarya River (Karasu Region). Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 2011;17:4–14.
MLA Çiftçi, Pelin S. et al. “The Levels of Indicator Bacteria Transported to the Black Sea by the Sakarya River (Karasu Region)”. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, vol. 17, no. 1, 2011, pp. 4-14.
Vancouver Çiftçi PS, Çardak M, Altuğ G. The levels of indicator bacteria transported to the Black Sea by the Sakarya River (Karasu Region). Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 2011;17(1):4-14.