Ebeveyn Antropometrik Ölçümlerinin Çocuk Baş Çevresi Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2018, , 113 - 120, 01.10.2018

Sinem Daştan Gürler Perran Boran

https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2018.04880

Abstract

Amaç: Baş çevresi ölçümü beyin gelişiminin değerlendirilmesinde önemli bir göstergedir. Literatürde çocuk baş çevresinin üzerine ailesel etkiyi inceleyen yalnızca birkaç çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ebeveyn ve çocuk antropometrik ölçümlerinin çocuk baş çevresi üzerine etkilerini inceleyerek, bu faktörlerin dâhil edildiği “beklenen çocuk baş çevresi” formülünün oluşturulması amaçlandı. İkincil olarak da erişkin erkek ve kadın baş çevresi persentillerinin oluşturulması planlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2012 ve Eylül 2014 tarihleri arasında, bir üniversite hastanesinde doğan ve en az 2 yaşına kadar çocuk sağlığı izlem polikliniğinde takip edilen 204 sağlıklı çocuk 102 erkek 102 kız ve ebeveynleri çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Analizler 189 çocuk ve ebeveynlerinin antropometrik ölçümleri üzerine yapılarak çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi ile farklı parametrelerin çocuk baş çevresi üzerine etkisi değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Anne ve baba ortalama baş çevresi sırasıyla 54.4 cm ve 56 cm olarak hesaplandı. Tek yönlü varyans analizinde çocuk antropometrik ölçümleri, ebeveyn baş çevresi ve baba ağırlığı çocuk baş çevresi ile ilişkili bulunurken, regresyon analizinde çocuğun ağırlığının ve baba baş çevresinin, çocuk baş çevresini etkileyen ana faktörler olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Beklenen çocuk baş çevresi regresyon denklemi, çocuk ağırlığı, baba baş çevresi ve anne-baba ortalama baş çevresi kullanılarak oluşturulurken, ek olarak yetişkin erkek ve kadın baş çevresi persentil tabloları oluşturuldu. Çocuğun baş çevresi değerlendirilirken ailesel özelliklerin yanı sıra ağırlığının da göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşıldı

Keywords

Antropometri, baş çevresi, çocuk, büyüme, ebeveyn

The Impact of Parental Anthropometric Measurements on Child’s Head Circumference

Abstract

Objection: Measurement of head circumference is an important indicator in the evaluation brain growth. There are few studies in literature examining the familial influence on child’s head circumference. In the current study, we aimed to examine the effects of parental and the child’s anthropometric measurements on child’s head circumference and construct “an expected head circumference of the child” formula to predict the child’s head circumference by taking these factors into consideration. Our secondary aim was to provide percentiles for adult male and female head circumference. Material and Method: Two hundred and four healthy children 102 boys, 102 girls born in a university hospital between January 2012 and September 2014, who were followed up in the well- child outpatient clinic up to at least 2 years of age and their parents were included in the study. The final analyses were performed based on 189 children and their parents’ anthropometric measurements, and the effect of different parameters on the child’s head circumference was assessed by conducting multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Median head circumferences of mothers and fathers were 54.4 cm, and 56 cm, respectively. In the univariate analysis, child’s anthropometric measurements, parents’ head circumference and fathers’ weight were found to be associated with the child’s head circumference; while in regression analyses child’s weight and paternal head circumference were found as the main contributing factors to child’s head circumference. Conclusion: Regression equations assessing expected head circumference were built by using child’s weight, paternal head circumference and mid-parental head circumference. In addition, percentile tables for head circumferences of male and female adults were provided. It was concluded that child’s weight should be taken into consideration as well as the familial characteristics while evaluating a child’s head circumference.

Keywords

Anthropometry, head circumference, child, growth, parent

References

• Winick M, Rosso P. Head circumference and cellular growth of the brain in normal and marasmic children. The Journal of Pediatrics 1969;74(5):774-8.
• https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(69)80140-X
• Bartholomeusz HH, Courchesne E, Karns CM. Relationship between head circumference and brain volume in healthy normal toddlers, children, and adults. Neuropediatrics 2002;33(5):239-41.
• https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-36735
• Cooke RW, Lucas A, Yudkin PL, Pryse-Davies J. Head circumference as an index of brain weight in the fetus and newborn. Early Human Development 1977;1(2): 145-9.
• https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3782(77)90015-9
• Kliegman R, Behrman RE, Nelson WE. Nelson textbo- ok of pediatrics. 2016, Elsevier.
• Weaver DD, Christian JC. Familial variation of head size and adjustment for parental head circumference. The Journal of Pediatrics 1980;96(6):990-4.
• https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80623-8
• Sawada A, Ikeda H, Kimura-Ohba S, Matsuzawa S, Awaya T, Shiotani Y, et al. Head growth evaluation in early childhood, from the Japan Children’s Study. Pediatr Int. 2010;52(3):343-6.
• https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2009.03002.x
• Osborne J, Havalad S, Hudson B, Hughes A. Effect of parental head circumference on that of the newborn child. Arch Dis Child. 1980;55(6):480-2.
• https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.55.6.480
• Livshits G. Growth and development of bodyweight, height and head circumference during the first two years of life: quantitative genetic aspects. Ann Hum Biol. 1986;13(4):387-96.
• https://doi.org/10.1080/03014468600008561
• Karmakar B, Ermakov S, Yakovenko K, Kobyliansky E. Genetic determination of head-size-related anthro- pometric traits in an ethnically homogeneous sample of 373 Indian pedigrees of West Bengal. Hum Biol. 2007;79(5):501-14.
• https://doi.org/10.1353/hub.2008.0007
• Tanner JM, Thomson AM. Standards for birthweight at gestation periods from 32 to 42 weeks, allowing for maternal height and weight. Arch Dis Childh. 1970;45(242):566-9.
• https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.45.242.566
• Ounsted M, Moar V, Scott A. Growth in the first four years: IV. Correlations with parental measures in small- for-dates and large-for-dates babies. Early Hum Dev. 1982;7(4):357-66.
• https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3782(82)90037-8
• Tanner JM, Israelsohn WJ. Parent-child correlations for body measurements of children between the ages one month and seven years. Ann Hum Genet. 1963;26(3):245-59.
• https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1963.tb01982.x
• Nellhaus G. Head circumference from birth to eighteen years practical composite international and interracial graphs. Pediatrics 1968;41(1):106-14.
• Dokladal M. Growth of the main head dimensions from birth up to twenty years of age in Czechs. Hum Biol. 1959;31(1):90-109.
• Bushby KM, Cole T, Matthews JN, Goodship JA. Centiles for adult head circumference. Arch Dis Child. 1992;67(10):1286-7.
• https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.67.10.1286
• Örmeci AR, Gürbüz H, Ayata A, Çetin H. Adult head circumferences and centiles. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center 1997;4(3):261-4.
• Neyzi O, Günöz H, Furman A, Bundak R, Gökçay G, Darendeliler F, Baş F. Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi refe- rans değerleri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2008;51(1):1-14.
• Bale SJ, Amos CI, Parry DM, Bale AE. Relationship between head circumference and height in normal adults and in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and neurofibromatosis type I. Am J Med Genet. 1991;40(2):206-10.
• https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320400217
• Nishi M, Miyake H, Akashi H, Shimizu H, Tateyama H, Chaki R. An index for proportion of head size to body mass during infancy. J Child Neurol. 1992;7(4):400-3.
• https://doi.org/10.1177/088307389200700413
• Geraedts EJ, van Dommelen P, Caliebe J, Visser R, Ranke MB, van Buuren S, et al. Association between head circumference and body size. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011;75(3):213-9.
• https://doi.org/10.1159/000321192