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Childhood Shock and Its Treatment in Childhood

Year 2012, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 99 - 112, 01.07.2012

Agop Çıtak

https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2012.099

Abstract

Shock is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. It is defines as the state where the metaboic demands of tissue are not met due to circulatory dysfunction. Shock is a clinically diagnosed condition that results from varied etiologies. Delay in recognizing and quickly treating a shock results in progression from com- pensated reversible shock to widespread multiple system organ failure to death. Unlike adults, hypotension develops in older children. A strong index of suspicion by the trea- ting clinician and early fluid resuscitation followed by ongoing assessment and timely transfer to a higher level of care can make the difference between life and death for the child who presents in shock

Keywords

Shock child etiology treatment

References

  • 1. Lincoln S. Smith, Lynn J. Hernan. Shock States. In: Fuhrman BP, Zimmerman JJ. Pediatric Critical Care 4th ed Philadelphia Elsevier 2011: 364-378.
  • 2. Khilnani P. Clinical management guidelines of pediatric septic shock. Indian J Crit Care Med 2005;9(3):164-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.19683
  • 3. Goldstein B, Giroir B, Randolph A. International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005;6(1):2-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.PCC.0000149131.72248.E6 PMid:15636651
  • 4. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Intensive Care Med 2008;34(1):17-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-007-0934-2 PMid:18058085 PMCid:2249616
  • 5. Carcillo JA, Fields AI. American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force Committee Members. Clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal patients in septic shock. Crit Care Med 2002;30(6):1365-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200206000-00040 PMid:12072696
  • 6. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2001;345(19):1368-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa010307 PMid:11794169
  • 7. Han Y, Carcillo J, Dragotta M, et al. Early reversal of pediatricneonatal septic shock by community physicians is associated with improved outcome. Pediatrics 2003;112(4):793-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.4.793 PMid:14523168
  • 8. Ceneviva G, Paschall JA, Maffei F, Carcillo JA. Hemodynamic support in fluid-refractory pediatric septic shock. Pediatrics 1998;102(2):e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.2.e19 PMid:9685464
  • 9. Fisher JD, Nelson DG, Beyersdorf H, Satkowiak LJ. Clinical spectrum of shock in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2010;26(9):622-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181ef04b9 PMid:20805778
  • 10. de Oliveira CF, de Oliveira DS, Gottschald AF, et al. ACCM/PALS haemodynamic support guidelines for paediatric septic shock: an outcomes comparison with and without monitoring central venous oxygen saturation. Intensive Care Med 2008;34(6):1065-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-008-1085-9 PMid:18369591
  • 11. Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, et al. Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med 2011;364(26):2483-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1101549 PMid:21615299
  • 12. Carcillo JA, Davis AL, Zaritsky A. Role of early fluid resusciatation in pediatric septic shock. JAMA 1991;266:1242-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1991.03470090076035 PMid:1870250
  • 13. Carcillo JA. Pediatric septic shock and multiple organ failure. Crit Care Clin 2003;19(3):413-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0704(03)00013-7
  • 14. Tantalean JA, Leon RJ, Santos AA, Sanchez E. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in children. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2003;4(2):181-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.PCC.0000059421.13161.88 PMid:12749649
  • 15. Tabbutt S. Heart failure in pediatric septic shock: utilizing inotropic support. Crit Care Med 2001; 29(10 Suppl):S231-6. PMid:11593066
  • 16. Dugas MA. Markers of tissue hypoperfusion in pediatric septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2001;26(1):75-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050015 PMid:10663284

Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Şok ve Tedavisi

Year 2012, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 99 - 112, 01.07.2012

Agop Çıtak

https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2012.099

Abstract

Şok çocukluk yaş grubunda önemli mortalite ve morbidite nedenidir. Dolaşım sistemindeki bozukluk sonucu dokula- rın gereksinim duyduğu oksijen ve diğer besin maddeleri- nin karşılanamamasına şok denir. Klinik bir tanı olan şok birçok farklı nedene bağlı olarak gelişir. Şokun tanı ve tedavisinde gecikme geri dönüşümlü olan kompanse şokun ilerleyerek çoklu organ yetmezliği gelişmesine neden olur. Erişkin hastalardan farklı olarak çocuklarda hipotansiyon geç dönemde gelişir. Şüphe eşiğinin düşük olması erken sıvı tedavisi, hastanın ileri bir merkeze zamanında transferi hastanın prognozunu belirgin olarak etkiler

Keywords

Şok çocuk etiyoloji tedavi

References

  • 1. Lincoln S. Smith, Lynn J. Hernan. Shock States. In: Fuhrman BP, Zimmerman JJ. Pediatric Critical Care 4th ed Philadelphia Elsevier 2011: 364-378.
  • 2. Khilnani P. Clinical management guidelines of pediatric septic shock. Indian J Crit Care Med 2005;9(3):164-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.19683
  • 3. Goldstein B, Giroir B, Randolph A. International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005;6(1):2-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.PCC.0000149131.72248.E6 PMid:15636651
  • 4. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Intensive Care Med 2008;34(1):17-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-007-0934-2 PMid:18058085 PMCid:2249616
  • 5. Carcillo JA, Fields AI. American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force Committee Members. Clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal patients in septic shock. Crit Care Med 2002;30(6):1365-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200206000-00040 PMid:12072696
  • 6. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2001;345(19):1368-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa010307 PMid:11794169
  • 7. Han Y, Carcillo J, Dragotta M, et al. Early reversal of pediatricneonatal septic shock by community physicians is associated with improved outcome. Pediatrics 2003;112(4):793-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.4.793 PMid:14523168
  • 8. Ceneviva G, Paschall JA, Maffei F, Carcillo JA. Hemodynamic support in fluid-refractory pediatric septic shock. Pediatrics 1998;102(2):e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.2.e19 PMid:9685464
  • 9. Fisher JD, Nelson DG, Beyersdorf H, Satkowiak LJ. Clinical spectrum of shock in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2010;26(9):622-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181ef04b9 PMid:20805778
  • 10. de Oliveira CF, de Oliveira DS, Gottschald AF, et al. ACCM/PALS haemodynamic support guidelines for paediatric septic shock: an outcomes comparison with and without monitoring central venous oxygen saturation. Intensive Care Med 2008;34(6):1065-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-008-1085-9 PMid:18369591
  • 11. Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, et al. Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med 2011;364(26):2483-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1101549 PMid:21615299
  • 12. Carcillo JA, Davis AL, Zaritsky A. Role of early fluid resusciatation in pediatric septic shock. JAMA 1991;266:1242-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1991.03470090076035 PMid:1870250
  • 13. Carcillo JA. Pediatric septic shock and multiple organ failure. Crit Care Clin 2003;19(3):413-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0704(03)00013-7
  • 14. Tantalean JA, Leon RJ, Santos AA, Sanchez E. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in children. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2003;4(2):181-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.PCC.0000059421.13161.88 PMid:12749649
  • 15. Tabbutt S. Heart failure in pediatric septic shock: utilizing inotropic support. Crit Care Med 2001; 29(10 Suppl):S231-6. PMid:11593066
  • 16. Dugas MA. Markers of tissue hypoperfusion in pediatric septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2001;26(1):75-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050015 PMid:10663284
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Agop Çıtak This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çıtak, A. (2012). Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Şok ve Tedavisi. Çocuk Dergisi, 12(3), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2012.099
AMA Çıtak A. Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Şok ve Tedavisi. Çocuk Dergisi. July 2012;12(3):99-112. doi:10.5222/j.child.2012.099
Chicago Çıtak, Agop. “Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Şok Ve Tedavisi”. Çocuk Dergisi 12, no. 3 (July 2012): 99-112. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2012.099.
EndNote Çıtak A (July 1, 2012) Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Şok ve Tedavisi. Çocuk Dergisi 12 3 99–112.
IEEE A. Çıtak, “Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Şok ve Tedavisi”, Çocuk Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 99–112, 2012, doi: 10.5222/j.child.2012.099.
ISNAD Çıtak, Agop. “Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Şok Ve Tedavisi”. Çocuk Dergisi 12/3 (July 2012), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2012.099.
JAMA Çıtak A. Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Şok ve Tedavisi. Çocuk Dergisi. 2012;12:99–112.
MLA Çıtak, Agop. “Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Şok Ve Tedavisi”. Çocuk Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, 2012, pp. 99-112, doi:10.5222/j.child.2012.099.
Vancouver Çıtak A. Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Şok ve Tedavisi. Çocuk Dergisi. 2012;12(3):99-112.