<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>jefr journal</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Ekonomi ve Finansal Araştırmalar Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2757-6043</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Economic and Financial Research Association</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Finance</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Finans</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Türkiye’nin Finansal Kırılganlığına Etki Eden Makro Ekonomik Faktörler</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Macroeconomic Factors Affecting Financial Fragility of Turkey</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-8530</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Şimşek</surname>
                                    <given-names>Neslihan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BAŞKENT ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-8530</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Hazar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Adalet</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BAŞKENT ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-6358</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Babuşçu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Şenol</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BAŞKENT ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20191220">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>20</month>
                    <year>2019</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>1</volume>
                                        <issue>1-2</issue>
                                        <fpage>48</fpage>
                                        <lpage>74</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20190826">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>26</month>
                        <year>2019</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20191009">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>09</month>
                        <year>2019</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019, Journal of Economics and Financial Researches</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Economics and Financial Researches</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Yatırım bankacılığı tarafından, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin risklerine dair bir metodoloji ve erken uyarı sistemi oluşturmak üzere ortaya çıkan kırılgan kavramı ve Kırılgan Beşli sınıflandırması zaman içerisinde iktisadi çevreler tarafından kabul edilerek ve genişletilerek Kırılgan Sekizli halini almıştır. Bu çalışmada kırılgan ülkelerin makroekonomik özellikleri araştırılmış ve Türkiye özelinde ekonometrik analiz yöntemiyle ülke kırılganlık skoru ile makroekonomik göstergeler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla 2006 ve 2018 yılları arası Türkiye’nin kırılganlık skoru, büyüme oranı, işsizlik oranı, enflasyon oranı ve ihracatın ithalatı karşılama oranları bu çalışmada analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye için kırılganlık üzerinde işsizlik ve enflasyon oranının etkili olduğu görülmüştür.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The concept of fragility and the Fragile Five classification, which conducted by investment banking for the forming a methodology and early warning system on the risky developing countries, has been adopted and expanded by academic environment and over time it become the Fragile Eight. This study examined the macroeconomic indicators of the fragile states and in Turkey context with the econometric analysis methods relationship between fragility score and macroeconomic indicators examined. To this end, Turkey&#039;s fragility score between 2006 and 2018, the growth rate, unemployment rate, inflation rate and the import-export ratio were included in the analysis. According to the obtained results it is seen that the fragility effected by the unemployment and inflation for Turkey.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Kırılganlık</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Finansal Kırılganlık</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Mali Kırılganlık</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Makroekonomik Kırılganlık</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Financial Fragility</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Macroeconomic Fragility</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Fragility</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akel, V. (2015). Kırılgan Beşli Ülkelerinin Hisse Senedi Piyasaları Arasındaki Eşbütünleşme Analizi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 11(24): 75-96.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akgül, A.(2018). Finansal Kırılganlık ve Türkiye Örneği (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akın, F. (2017). Türkiye ve Seçilmiş Balkan Ülkelerinde Makroekonomik Kırılganlık: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Balkan ve Yakın Doğu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(4): 88-96.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Apak, S ve Uçak, A. (2007). Ekonomik Büyümenin Anlamlılığı ve Gelişmişlik: Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 34: 57-65.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Arslan, S. (2017). Makroeconomıc Factors Affecting the Country Credit Investigations: An Application on Fragile Eight. Pressacademia Procedia (PAP), 3: 197-205.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aspachs, O., Goodhart, A., Dimitrios, G. and Zicchino, L. (2007). Towards a Measure of Financial Fragility. England, Annals of Finance, 3(1): 50-52.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bayraktar, Y. ve Elüstü, S. (2016). Makroekonomik Kırılganlığın Ölçülmesi: Yükselen Piyasalar ve Türkiye İçin Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 5(5): 9-29.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Calomiris, C. (1995). Financial Fragility: Issues and Policy Implications. Journal of Financial Sevices Research, 9: 241-257.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Crotty, J. and Goldstein, J. (1992). The Investment Decision of the Post Keynesian Firm: A Suggested Microfoundation for Minsky’s Investment Instability Thesis. The Jerome Levy Economics Institute’s Working Paper No: 79. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/lev/wrkpap/wp_79.html.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çan, H. ve Dinçsoy, M. (2016). Kirilganlik Göstergeleri ve Kirilgan Beşli Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(22): 199-217.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Davis, E. (1995). Debt, Financial Fragility, and Systemic Risk. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">FFP. (2019). Fragile States Index. New York: Fund For Peace. Retrieved from https://fundforpeace.org/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Guillaumont, P. (2001). On the Economic Vulnerability of Low Income Countries. Université d’ Auvergne: CERDI-CNRS. Working Paper No: E 2001.02. Retrieved from http://publi.cerdi.org/ed/2001/2001.02.pdf .</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Guillaumont, P. (2008). An Economic Vulnerability Index: Its Desing and Use for International Development Policy. United Nations University. Research Paper No 2008/99. Retrieved from https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/rp2008-99.pdf.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karakurt, B., Şentürk, S. H. ve Ela, M. (2015). Makroekonomik Kırılganlık: Türkiye ve Şangay Beşlisi Araştırması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1): 1-25.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kuepper, J. (2018). “What Are the Fragile Five?”. Retrieved from https://www.thebalance.com/whatare-the-fragile-five-197888.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Loayza, N. and  Raddatz, C. (2007). The Structural Determinants of External Vulnerabiliy. The World Bank Economic Review, 21(3): 345-365.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mete, M., Pekmez, G. ve Kıyançiçek, C. (2016). 2008 Finansal Krizinin Kırılgan Sekizliler Üzerindeki Etkisi: Teorik Bir İnceleme. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(57): 689-709.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nurske, R. (1952). Growth in Underdeveloped Country: Some International Aspect of The Problem of Economic Development. The American Economics Rewiew, 43(2): 554-585.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Simdi, H. ve Seker, A. (2017). Analysıs of Fragility Levels of Five in Terms of Exchange Rates. PressAcademia Procedia(PAP), 3(1): 241-245. doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.409</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sundararjan, V. and Balino, T. (1991). Issues in Recent Banking Crises, Banking Crises: Cases and Issues. New York: International Monetary Fund.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tezer, H. (2016). Türkiye Ekonomisinin 2003-2014 Yılları Arasındaki Makro Ekonomik Görünümü ve Ekonomik Kırılganlık Belirtiler. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(35): 144-165.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Topal, M. ve Ünver, M. (2016). Yolsuzluğun Belirleyicileri: Kırılgan Ekonomiler İçin Panel Eş-bütünleşme Analizi. Balkan ve Yakın Doğu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2): 58-68.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özyıldız, H. (2014a). Kırılganlık Göstergeleri. Erişim adresi: http://www.hakanozyildiz.com/2014/02/krlganlk gostergeleri. html</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özyıldız,H., (2014b). Bir kez daha kırılganlık göstergeleri üzerine. Erişim adresi:  http://www.hakanozyildiz.com/2014/04/bir-kez-daha-krlganlk-gostergeleri_6.html.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özyıldız, H. (2014c). Kırılganlık göstergeleri bozuluyor. Erişim adresi:  http://www.hakanozyildiz.com/2014/09/krlganlk-gostergeleri-bozuluyor.html</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
