Research Article
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The effect of PjBL plus 4Cs learning model on critical thinking skills

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 1509 - 1521, 15.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.768134

Abstract

The PjBL Plus 4Cs is an alternative learning model for geography. The PjBL Plus 4Cs can teach, train, and improve critical thinking skills. The research aimed to find out the effect of the PjBL plus 4C learning model on critical thinking skills. The research used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group approach. Students of Class XI IPS-1 and XI IPS-2 in Islamic Senior High School of Sabilillah Malang were the subjects of this research. Critical thinking skills were measured using validated critical thinking instruments in 7 essay tests, including the competencies of analyzing and formulating problems, giving logical arguments, conducting deductive reasoning (C4), synthesizing/conducting inductive reasoning (C5) and evaluating (C6). Based on the T-test analysis, the significance value (2-tailed) was obtained 0.01 (< 0.05), indicated a significant effect of PjBL Plus 4Cs on critical thinking skills. Therefore, the PjBL plus 4Cs learning model can increase critical thinking skills.

References

  • Ağaoğlu, O., & Demir, M. (2020). The integration of 21st century skills into education: an evaluation based on an activity example. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, 7(3), 105-114.
  • Alawi, N. H., & Soh, T. M. T. (2019). The Effect of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) on Critical Thinking Skills Form Four Students on Dynamic Ecosystem Topic “Vector! Oh! Vector!” Creative Education, 10(12), 3107. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.1012235
  • Amin, S. (2017). Pengaruh model pembelajaran problem-based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar geografi [The effect of problem-based learning model on critical thinking skills and geography learning outcomes]. JPG (Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi), 4(3), 25–36.
  • Anderson, L. W, & Krathwohl, D. R. (2010). Kerangka Landasan untuk Pembelajaran, Pengajaran dan Asesmen [The Framework for Learning, Teaching and Assessment]. Pustaka Pelajar.
  • Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., Airasian, P. W., Cruikshank, K. A., Mayer, R. E., Pintrich, P. R., Raths, J., & Wittrock, M. C. (2000). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Abridged Edition (1 edition). Pearson.
  • Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan, (BSNP). (2010). Paradigma Pendidikan Nasional Abad XXI [National Education Paradigm on 21st century].
  • Bayram, D., Kurt, G., & Atay, D. (2019). The Implementation of WebQuest-supported Critical Thinking Instruction in Pre-service English Teacher Education: The Turkish Context. Participatory Educational Research, 6(2), 144–157. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.19.18.6.2
  • Derry, J. (2013). Vygotsky: Philosophy and Education (1 edition). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Elbow, G. S., & Sharma, M. B. (2000). Using Internet Primary Sources to Teach Critical Thinking Skills in Geography. Libraries Unlimited.
  • Ennis, R. H. (2015). Critical Thinking: A Streamlined Conception. In M. Davies & R. Barnett (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Thinking in Higher Education (pp. 31–47). Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137378057_2
  • Feldman, D. A. (2010). Berpikir Kritis: Strategi Untuk Pengambilan Keputusan. PT Indeks. http://www.bukabuku.com/browses/product/9789790621640/berpikir-kritis-strategi-untuk-pengambilan-keputusan.html
  • Fini, E. H., Awadallah, F., Parast, M. M., & Abu-Lebdeh, T. (2018). The impact of project-based learning on improving student learning outcomes of sustainability concepts in transportation engineering courses. European Journal of Engineering Education, 43(3), 473–488. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2017.1393045
  • Fitriani, A., Zubaidah, S., Susilo, H., & Al Muhdhar, M. H. I. (2020). PBLPOE: A Learning Model to Enhance Students’ Critical Thinking Skills and Scientific Attitudes. International Journal of Instruction, 13(2), 89–106.
  • Gul, R., Khan, S., Ahmed, A., Cassum, S., Saeed, Tanveer, Parpio, Y., Profetto-McGrath, J., & Schopflocher, D. (2014). Enhancing Educators’ Skills for Promoting Critical Thinking in Their Classroom Discourses: A Randomized Control Trial. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 26, 37–54.
  • Guo, P., Saab, N., Post, L. S., & Admiraal, W. (2020). A review of project-based learning in higher education: Student outcomes and measures. International Journal of Educational Research, 102, 101586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101586
  • Jameson, J. (2019). Global leadership insights on critical and creative thinking. In International Perspectives on Leadership in Higher Education (pp. 152–165). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122410-13
  • Jo, I., & Bednarz, S. W. (2014). Dispositions Toward Teaching Spatial Thinking Through Geography: Conceptualization and an Exemplar Assessment. Journal of Geography, 113(5), 198–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2014.881409
  • Kemendikbud. (2016). Permendikbud No. 24 Tahun 2016 tentang KI dan KD Kurikulum 2013.
  • Kokotsaki, D., Menzies, V., & Wiggins, A. (2016). Project-based learning: A review of the literature. Improving Schools, 19(3), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480216659733
  • Mutakinati, L., Anwari, I., & Kumano, Y. (2018). Analysis of Students’ Critical Thinking Skill of Middle School through STEM Education Project-Based Learning. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(1), 54–65. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i1.10495
  • Pattanapichet, F., & Wichadee, S. (2015). Using Space in Social Media to Promote Undergraduate Students’ Critical Thinking Skillls. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 16(4), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.94170
  • Pramusi̇nta, Y., Setyosari, P., Widiati, U., & Kuswandi, D. (2019). Exploration of Metacognitive Skills and Student Critical Thinking Through Discovery Learning Method and Cognitive Style. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(4), 999–1017. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.614028
  • Priyatni, E. T., & As’ari, A. R. (2019). Project-Based Learning Paper: Learning Model to Develop 4cs: (Critical and Creative Thinking, Collaboration and Communication Skills). 441–448. https://doi.org/10.2991/icesshum-19.2019.72
  • Purwanto, E. (2005). Evaluasi Proses dan hasil Dalam Pembelajaran. Aplikasi dalam Bidang Studi Geografi (1st ed.) [Processes and Outcomes Evaluation in Learning: Applications in Geography (1st ed.)]. Penerbit Ombak.
  • Puspitasari, E., Sumarmi, S., & Amirudin, A. (2016). Integritas Berpikir Kritis Dan Peduli Lingkungan Melalui Pembelajaran Geografi Dalam Membentuk Karakter Peserta Didik SMA [Integrity of Critical Thinking and Environmental Care to Form High School Students Character through Learning Geography]. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 1(2), 122–126.
  • Reichardt, C. S. (2019). Quasi-Experimentation: A Guide to Design and Analysis. Guilford Publications.
  • Ridhwan, R., Sumarmi, S., Ruja, I. N., Utomo, D. H., & Sari, R. M. (2020). Measuring Students Environmental Problem-Solving Ability Across Gender and School Differences Using Paper Based Testing. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(13), 303–320.
  • Samsudin, M. A., Jamali, S. M., Zain, A. N. M., & Ebrahim, N. A. (2020). The Effect of STEM Project Based Learning on Self-Efficacy among High-School Physics Students. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 17(1), 94–108. doi: 10.36681/tused.2020.15
  • Sari, R. M., Sumarmi, S., Astina, I. K., Utomo, D. H., & Ridhwan, R. (2019). Measuring Students Scientific Learning Perception and Critical Thinking Skill Using Paper-Based Testing: School and Gender Differences. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 14(19), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i19.10968
  • Sasson, I., Yehuda, I., & Malkinson, N. (2018). Fostering the skills of critical thinking and question-posing in a project-based learning environment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.08.001
  • Somjai, S., & Soontornwipast, K. (2020). The Integration of Implicit and Explicit Vocabulary Instruction, Project-Based Learning, Multimedia, and Experiential Learning to Improve Thai EFL Senior High School Students’ Vocabulary Ability. Arab World English Journal, 6, 171–190. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/call6.12
  • Sugiyono, A. (2006). Penanggulangan Pemanasan Global di Sektor Pengguna Energi [Preventing global warming in the energy user]. Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca, 7(2), 15–19.
  • Sularmi, S., Utomo, D. H., & Ruja, I. N. (2018). Pengaruh Project-Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis [The Effect of Project-Based Learning on Critical Thinking Ability]. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 3(4), 475–479. https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v3i4.10748
  • Thomas, A., Thorne, G., & Smoll, B. (2001). Higher Order Thinking It’s HOT. http://www.cdl.org/resource/reading_room/higherorderthinking.html
  • Utomo, D. H. (2016). Brain Based Learning: Effects Model A-Car in Critical Thinking Skills. Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icge-16/25875226
  • Woolfolk, A. (2007). Educational Psychology, Active Learning Edition (10 edition). Allyn & Bacon.
Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 1509 - 1521, 15.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.768134

Abstract

References

  • Ağaoğlu, O., & Demir, M. (2020). The integration of 21st century skills into education: an evaluation based on an activity example. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, 7(3), 105-114.
  • Alawi, N. H., & Soh, T. M. T. (2019). The Effect of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) on Critical Thinking Skills Form Four Students on Dynamic Ecosystem Topic “Vector! Oh! Vector!” Creative Education, 10(12), 3107. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.1012235
  • Amin, S. (2017). Pengaruh model pembelajaran problem-based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar geografi [The effect of problem-based learning model on critical thinking skills and geography learning outcomes]. JPG (Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi), 4(3), 25–36.
  • Anderson, L. W, & Krathwohl, D. R. (2010). Kerangka Landasan untuk Pembelajaran, Pengajaran dan Asesmen [The Framework for Learning, Teaching and Assessment]. Pustaka Pelajar.
  • Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., Airasian, P. W., Cruikshank, K. A., Mayer, R. E., Pintrich, P. R., Raths, J., & Wittrock, M. C. (2000). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Abridged Edition (1 edition). Pearson.
  • Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan, (BSNP). (2010). Paradigma Pendidikan Nasional Abad XXI [National Education Paradigm on 21st century].
  • Bayram, D., Kurt, G., & Atay, D. (2019). The Implementation of WebQuest-supported Critical Thinking Instruction in Pre-service English Teacher Education: The Turkish Context. Participatory Educational Research, 6(2), 144–157. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.19.18.6.2
  • Derry, J. (2013). Vygotsky: Philosophy and Education (1 edition). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Elbow, G. S., & Sharma, M. B. (2000). Using Internet Primary Sources to Teach Critical Thinking Skills in Geography. Libraries Unlimited.
  • Ennis, R. H. (2015). Critical Thinking: A Streamlined Conception. In M. Davies & R. Barnett (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Thinking in Higher Education (pp. 31–47). Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137378057_2
  • Feldman, D. A. (2010). Berpikir Kritis: Strategi Untuk Pengambilan Keputusan. PT Indeks. http://www.bukabuku.com/browses/product/9789790621640/berpikir-kritis-strategi-untuk-pengambilan-keputusan.html
  • Fini, E. H., Awadallah, F., Parast, M. M., & Abu-Lebdeh, T. (2018). The impact of project-based learning on improving student learning outcomes of sustainability concepts in transportation engineering courses. European Journal of Engineering Education, 43(3), 473–488. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2017.1393045
  • Fitriani, A., Zubaidah, S., Susilo, H., & Al Muhdhar, M. H. I. (2020). PBLPOE: A Learning Model to Enhance Students’ Critical Thinking Skills and Scientific Attitudes. International Journal of Instruction, 13(2), 89–106.
  • Gul, R., Khan, S., Ahmed, A., Cassum, S., Saeed, Tanveer, Parpio, Y., Profetto-McGrath, J., & Schopflocher, D. (2014). Enhancing Educators’ Skills for Promoting Critical Thinking in Their Classroom Discourses: A Randomized Control Trial. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 26, 37–54.
  • Guo, P., Saab, N., Post, L. S., & Admiraal, W. (2020). A review of project-based learning in higher education: Student outcomes and measures. International Journal of Educational Research, 102, 101586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101586
  • Jameson, J. (2019). Global leadership insights on critical and creative thinking. In International Perspectives on Leadership in Higher Education (pp. 152–165). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122410-13
  • Jo, I., & Bednarz, S. W. (2014). Dispositions Toward Teaching Spatial Thinking Through Geography: Conceptualization and an Exemplar Assessment. Journal of Geography, 113(5), 198–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2014.881409
  • Kemendikbud. (2016). Permendikbud No. 24 Tahun 2016 tentang KI dan KD Kurikulum 2013.
  • Kokotsaki, D., Menzies, V., & Wiggins, A. (2016). Project-based learning: A review of the literature. Improving Schools, 19(3), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480216659733
  • Mutakinati, L., Anwari, I., & Kumano, Y. (2018). Analysis of Students’ Critical Thinking Skill of Middle School through STEM Education Project-Based Learning. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(1), 54–65. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i1.10495
  • Pattanapichet, F., & Wichadee, S. (2015). Using Space in Social Media to Promote Undergraduate Students’ Critical Thinking Skillls. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 16(4), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.94170
  • Pramusi̇nta, Y., Setyosari, P., Widiati, U., & Kuswandi, D. (2019). Exploration of Metacognitive Skills and Student Critical Thinking Through Discovery Learning Method and Cognitive Style. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(4), 999–1017. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.614028
  • Priyatni, E. T., & As’ari, A. R. (2019). Project-Based Learning Paper: Learning Model to Develop 4cs: (Critical and Creative Thinking, Collaboration and Communication Skills). 441–448. https://doi.org/10.2991/icesshum-19.2019.72
  • Purwanto, E. (2005). Evaluasi Proses dan hasil Dalam Pembelajaran. Aplikasi dalam Bidang Studi Geografi (1st ed.) [Processes and Outcomes Evaluation in Learning: Applications in Geography (1st ed.)]. Penerbit Ombak.
  • Puspitasari, E., Sumarmi, S., & Amirudin, A. (2016). Integritas Berpikir Kritis Dan Peduli Lingkungan Melalui Pembelajaran Geografi Dalam Membentuk Karakter Peserta Didik SMA [Integrity of Critical Thinking and Environmental Care to Form High School Students Character through Learning Geography]. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 1(2), 122–126.
  • Reichardt, C. S. (2019). Quasi-Experimentation: A Guide to Design and Analysis. Guilford Publications.
  • Ridhwan, R., Sumarmi, S., Ruja, I. N., Utomo, D. H., & Sari, R. M. (2020). Measuring Students Environmental Problem-Solving Ability Across Gender and School Differences Using Paper Based Testing. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(13), 303–320.
  • Samsudin, M. A., Jamali, S. M., Zain, A. N. M., & Ebrahim, N. A. (2020). The Effect of STEM Project Based Learning on Self-Efficacy among High-School Physics Students. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 17(1), 94–108. doi: 10.36681/tused.2020.15
  • Sari, R. M., Sumarmi, S., Astina, I. K., Utomo, D. H., & Ridhwan, R. (2019). Measuring Students Scientific Learning Perception and Critical Thinking Skill Using Paper-Based Testing: School and Gender Differences. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 14(19), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i19.10968
  • Sasson, I., Yehuda, I., & Malkinson, N. (2018). Fostering the skills of critical thinking and question-posing in a project-based learning environment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.08.001
  • Somjai, S., & Soontornwipast, K. (2020). The Integration of Implicit and Explicit Vocabulary Instruction, Project-Based Learning, Multimedia, and Experiential Learning to Improve Thai EFL Senior High School Students’ Vocabulary Ability. Arab World English Journal, 6, 171–190. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/call6.12
  • Sugiyono, A. (2006). Penanggulangan Pemanasan Global di Sektor Pengguna Energi [Preventing global warming in the energy user]. Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca, 7(2), 15–19.
  • Sularmi, S., Utomo, D. H., & Ruja, I. N. (2018). Pengaruh Project-Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis [The Effect of Project-Based Learning on Critical Thinking Ability]. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 3(4), 475–479. https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v3i4.10748
  • Thomas, A., Thorne, G., & Smoll, B. (2001). Higher Order Thinking It’s HOT. http://www.cdl.org/resource/reading_room/higherorderthinking.html
  • Utomo, D. H. (2016). Brain Based Learning: Effects Model A-Car in Critical Thinking Skills. Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icge-16/25875226
  • Woolfolk, A. (2007). Educational Psychology, Active Learning Edition (10 edition). Allyn & Bacon.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Differentiated Instruction
Authors

Dwi Efendi 0000-0002-5194-0102

Sumarmi Sumarmi 0000-0002-3102-0376

Dwiyono Hari Utomo 0000-0002-4205-1063

Publication Date December 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Efendi, D., Sumarmi, S., & Utomo, D. H. (2020). The effect of PjBL plus 4Cs learning model on critical thinking skills. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(4), 1509-1521. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.768134
AMA Efendi D, Sumarmi S, Utomo DH. The effect of PjBL plus 4Cs learning model on critical thinking skills. JEGYS. December 2020;8(4):1509-1521. doi:10.17478/jegys.768134
Chicago Efendi, Dwi, Sumarmi Sumarmi, and Dwiyono Hari Utomo. “The Effect of PjBL Plus 4Cs Learning Model on Critical Thinking Skills”. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists 8, no. 4 (December 2020): 1509-21. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.768134.
EndNote Efendi D, Sumarmi S, Utomo DH (December 1, 2020) The effect of PjBL plus 4Cs learning model on critical thinking skills. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists 8 4 1509–1521.
IEEE D. Efendi, S. Sumarmi, and D. H. Utomo, “The effect of PjBL plus 4Cs learning model on critical thinking skills”, JEGYS, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1509–1521, 2020, doi: 10.17478/jegys.768134.
ISNAD Efendi, Dwi et al. “The Effect of PjBL Plus 4Cs Learning Model on Critical Thinking Skills”. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists 8/4 (December 2020), 1509-1521. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.768134.
JAMA Efendi D, Sumarmi S, Utomo DH. The effect of PjBL plus 4Cs learning model on critical thinking skills. JEGYS. 2020;8:1509–1521.
MLA Efendi, Dwi et al. “The Effect of PjBL Plus 4Cs Learning Model on Critical Thinking Skills”. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, vol. 8, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1509-21, doi:10.17478/jegys.768134.
Vancouver Efendi D, Sumarmi S, Utomo DH. The effect of PjBL plus 4Cs learning model on critical thinking skills. JEGYS. 2020;8(4):1509-21.
By introducing the concept of the "Gifted Young Scientist," JEGYS has initiated a new research trend at the intersection of science-field education and gifted education.