COVID-19 pandemisinin İstanbul'un Şile ilçesinde hava kalitesine (PM10) etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 198 - 205, 30.06.2022

Uğur Özveren Halime Yakışık

https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.877396

Abstract

Türkiye'deki ilk COVID-19 vakası 11 Mart 2020'de onaylandı. COVID-19 salgınının hızlı yayılma özelliğine bağlı olarak, 21 Mart - 1 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında İstanbul genelinde hafta sonları için kısmi kısıtlama uygulamaya konuldu. Sıkı kısıtlama önlemlerinin uygulanması, sosyal davranışları değiştirirken COVID-19 Türkiye Ulusal Sağlık Sistemi üzerindeki etkisini azaltmayı sağladı. Öte yandan, bu zorunlu önlemler insan kaynaklı olayların havat kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini kirlilik seviyelerini kontrol etmeye bağlı olarak belirleme fırsatı sağladı. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, kısmi kısıtlama önlemlerinin İstanbul'un Şile ilçesi hava kalitesi üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Hava kalitesi analizi, Şile'deki izleme istasyonunun PM10 konsantrasyonu içeren hava kalitesi verileri yardımıyla gerçekleştirildi. Sonuçlar, Şile'nin PM10 konsantrasyonlarında yaklaşık % 16.90 artış olduğunu gösterdi. Bu, COVID-19 salgını sırasında İstanbul'un diğer ilçelerinden göç nedeniyle araç trafiğinin ve insan hareketliliğinin artmasıyla ilişkilendirildi. İlçenin kırsal karakteristik özelliklerinin COVID-19 salgını sırasında İstanbul'un diğer ilçelerinden göç alma sebepleri arasında olduğu değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, pandemi ile ilgili psikolojik davranış değişikliklerinin ve kısıtlamaların hava kirliliği üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir.

Keywords

COVID-19, Kısıtlama, Hava kalitesi, PM Konsantrasyonu, Şile ilçesi, İstanbul

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the air quality (PM10) in Şile district of İstanbul, Turkey

Abstract

The first COVID-19 case in Turkey was approved on March 11, 2020. Based on the rapid spread feature of the Covid-19 pandemic, a partial lockdown was put into practice in the whole of İstanbul for weekends from 21st March to 1st June 2020 by the Government. The application of strict restriction precautions enabled to decrease the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Turkey National Health System while changing the social behaviors. On the other hand, these forced measures provided an opportunity to determine the impact of anthropogenic events on air quality based on controlling pollution levels. The main goal of the present study is to examine the effect of the partial lockdown precautions on the pattern of air quality in the Şile district of İstanbul. The analysis of the air quality was carried out with the aid of air quality data of the monitoring station in Şile that contains PM10 concentration. The results showed that an increase of approximately 16.90% in PM10 concentrations of Şile. This was ascribed with the increment of vehicle traffic due to the migration from other districts of İstanbul during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study presents useful supplements to indicate that the application of severe execution of air pollution control plans can heal the air quality.

Keywords

COVID-19, Lockdown, Air quality, PM Concentration, Şile district, Istanbul

References

• 1.Organization, W.H., WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020. 2020.
• 2.Allocati, N., et al., (2016), Bat–man disease transmission: zoonotic pathogens from wildlife reservoirs to human populations. Cell death discovery, 2(1), 1-8.
• 3.Medicine, J.H.U.o., (2020), Coronavirus Research Center. 20.
• 4.Organization, W.H., (2020), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 72.
• 5.News, G., (2020), First COVID-19 case happened in November, China government records show - report.
• 6.Organization, W.H., (2020), WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.
• 7.Anderson, R.M., et al., (2020), How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? The Lancet, 395(10228), 931-934.
• 8.(2020), TÜRKİYE GÜNLÜK KORONAVİRÜS TABLOSU, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/, 2020.
• 9.(2020),Korona vaka sayısı, https://ajansspor.com/haber/hangi-ilde-ne-kadar-corona-virus-vakasi-var-vefat-sayilari-362702.
• 10.Hudda, N., et al., (2020), Reductions in traffic-related black carbon and ultrafine particle number concentrations in an urban neighborhood during the COVID-19 pandemic. Science of The Total Environment, 140931.
• 11.Carugno, M., et al., (2017), Temporal trends of PM10 and its impact on mortality in Lombardy, Italy. Environmental Pollution, 227, 280-286.
• 12.Van Donkelaar, A., et al., (2015), Use of satellite observations for long-term exposure assessment of global concentrations of fine particulate matter. Environmental health perspectives, 123(2), 135-143.
• 13.Jiang, F., et al., (2020), Review of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Journal of general internal medicine, 1-5.
• 14.Guo, Y.-R., et al., (2020), The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak–an update on the status. Military Medical Research, 7(1), 1-10.
• 15.Mehta, P., et al., (2020), COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet (London, England), 395(10229), 1033.
• 16.Tisoncik, J.R., et al., (2012), Into the eye of the cytokine storm. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 76(1), 16-32.
• 17.Gan, W.Q., et al., (2012), Association of long-term exposure to community noise and traffic-related air pollution with coronary heart disease mortality. American journal of epidemiology, 175(9), 898-906.
• 18.Le Tertre, A., et al., (2002), Short-term effects of particulate air pollution on cardiovascular diseases in eight European cities. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 56(10), 773-779.
• 19.Wong, T.W., et al., (2002), Associations between daily mortalities from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and air pollution in Hong Kong, China. Occupational and environmental medicine, 59(1), 30-35.
• 20.Kim, H., Y. Kim, and Y.-C. Hong, (2003), The lag-effect pattern in the relationship of particulate air pollution to daily mortality in Seoul, Korea. International Journal of Biometeorology, 48(1), 25-30.
• 21.Schwartz, J., (1995), Short term fluctuations in air pollution and hospital admissions of the elderly for respiratory disease. Thorax, 50(5), 531-538.
• 22.Schwartz, J., (1999), Air pollution and hospital admissions for heart disease in eight US counties. Epidemiology, 17-22.
• 23.Huang, C.-J. and P.-H. Kuo, (2018), A deep cnn-lstm model for particulate matter (PM2. 5) forecasting in smart cities. Sensors, 18(7), 2220.
• 24.Qian, Z., et al., (2004), Using air pollution based community clusters to explore air pollution health effects in children. Environment international, 30(5), 611-620.
• 25.(2018), T.C. Şehir ve Çevre Bakanlığı, Ulusal Hava Kalitesi İzleme Ağı, Air Quality Monitoring Station.
• 26.(2020),ENDEKSA,https://www.endeksa.com/tr/analiz/istanbul/bahcelievler/sirinevler/demografi.
• 27.Tuzlacı, E. and E. Tolon, (2000), Turkish folk medicinal plants, part III: Şile (İstanbul). Fitoterapia, 71(6), 673-685.
• 28.BAKANLIĞI, T.C.S. and S.B.S.G. MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ, (2020), COVID-19 Situation Report Turkey.
• 29.Organization, W.H., (2020), Coronavirus disease 2019 (‎ COVID-19)‎: situation report, 88.
• 30.McPherson, E.G., Chicago's urban forest ecosystem: results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. Vol. 186. 1994: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment ….