<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>j. fac. pharm. ankara</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1015-3918</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2564-6524</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ankara University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33483/jfpau.1263375</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>ASSESSMENT OF PHARMACY STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE OF HANDLING HIGH ALERT MEDICATIONS</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>ECZACILIK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YÜKSEK RİSKLİ İLAÇLARIN KULLANIMI HAKKINDA BİLGİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-7457</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Selçuk</surname>
                                    <given-names>Aysu</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-2565</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Okuyan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Betül</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230920">
                    <day>09</day>
                    <month>20</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>47</volume>
                                        <issue>3</issue>
                                        <fpage>792</fpage>
                                        <lpage>799</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230310">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>10</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230526">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>26</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1971, Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1971</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Objective: High alert medications (HAM) are medications commonly used in health care settings that are associated with significant harm when used in error. Improvement in the knowledge and practice of pharmacists is crucial to prevent and solve medication errors associated with HAM. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of pharmacy students about HAM.Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy students (3rd, 4th and 5th-year students) through an online survey in Ankara, Türkiye between 1 May 2021 and 31 October 2021. A Turkish translated and validated version of the High Alert Medications Knowledge Questionnaire was used. Only a correct answer was given score of 1 among the knowledge questions. The common resources for HAM use in the practice were assessed. Result and Discussion: Among 124 students, 80.6% were female. The mean age (standard derivation ± SD) of the students was 23.3 ± 1.37 years. The percentages of the 3rd, 4th and 5th-year students were 51.6%, 16.1% and 32.3%, respectively. The mean ± SD score of the students was 6.8 ± 3.28 out of 20. The 5th-year students (8.00 ± 2.90) were more likely to get higher scores compared to 3rd-years (5.89 ± 3.15) (p = 0.003). RxMediaPharma® (local online drug information database) was the most (75.0%) commonly used resource by pharmacy students. The pharmacy students’ knowledge about HAM was poor. Educational interventions are necessary early in the clinical pharmacy curriculum to improve pharmacy students&#039; knowledge and preparedness to handle HAM.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Amaç: Yüksek riskli ilaçlar (HAM), sağlık hizmeti sunulan ortamlarında yaygın olarak kullanılan ve yanlışlıkla kullanıldığında önemli zararlarla ilişkilendirilen ilaçlardır. Eczacıların bilgi ve uygulamalarındaki gelişme, HAM ile ilişkili ilaç hatalarını önlemek ve çözmek için çok önemlidir. Bu çalışma, eczacılık öğrencilerinin HAM hakkındaki bilgilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Eczacılık öğrencileri (3., 4. ve 5. sınıf öğrencileri) arasında çevrimiçi anket yoluyla kesitsel bir çalışma Ankara, Türkiye’de yapılmıştır. Türkçe validasyonu yapılan Yüksek Riskli İlaçlar Hakkında Bilgi Anketi kullanılmıştır. Bilgi sorularından sadece doğru cevaba 1 puan verildi. Uygulamaları sırasında HAM kullanımı için kullandıkları yaygın kaynaklar değerlendirildi.Sonuç ve Tartışma: Ankete katılan 124 öğrencinin %80.6’sı kızdır. Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması [standart sapma (SSD)] 23.3 ± 1.37 olarak bulunumuştur. Eczacılık 3., 4. ve 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin oranı sırasıyla %51.6, %16.1 ve %32.3’tür. Öğrencilerin ortalama ± SD puanı 20 üzerinden 6.8 ± 3.28’dir. 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin (8.00 ± 2.90) 3. sınıf öğrencilerine göre (5.89 ± 3.15) daha yüksek puan alma olasılığı daha fazla bulunumuştur (p = 0.003). RxMediaPharma® (yerel çevrimiçi ilaç bilgi veritabanı), eczacılık öğrencileri tarafından en çok (%75,0) kullanılan kaynaktı. Eczacılık öğrencilerinin HAM hakkındaki bilgileri yeterli bulunamamıştır. Eczacılık öğrencilerinin HAM’ı yönetme konusundaki bilgilerini ve hazırlıklarını geliştirmek için klinik eczacılık müfredatının başlarında eğitimsel müdahaleler gereklidir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>High alert medication</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  clinical pharmacy education</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  knowledge</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  questionnaire</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Anket</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  bilgi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  klinik eczacılık eğitimi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  yüksek riskli ilaçlar</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                        <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">Yok</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>Yok</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1.	Food and Drug Administration, US. Working to Reduce Medication Errors, 2019. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-consumers-and-patients-drugs/working-reduce-medication-errors. Access date: 15 Feb 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">2.	World Health Organisation. Patient Safety, 2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/patient-safety. Access date: 15 Feb 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">3.	Lu, M.C., Yu, S., Chen, I.J., Wang, K.W., Wu, H.F., Tang, F.I. (2013). Nurses’ knowledge of high-alert medications: a randomized controlled trial. Nurse Education Today, 33(1), 24-30. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">4.	Cohen M.R. Medication Errors, 2nd ed. American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, DC, 2007.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">5.	Engels, M.J., Ciarkowski, S.L. (2015). Nursing, pharmacy, and prescriber knowledge and perceptions of high-alert medications in a large, academic medical hospital. Hospital Pharmacy, 50(4), 287-295. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">6.	World Health Organisation. Medication Without Harm, 2017. Available from: https://www.who.int/initiatives/medication-without-harm. Access date: 15 Feb 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">7.	Sullivan, K.M., Le, P.L., Ditoro, M.J., Andree, J.T., Charest, D.J., Tuiskula, K.A. (2021). Enhancing high alert medication knowledge among pharmacy, nursing, and medical staff. Journal of Patient Safety, 17(4), 311-315. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">8.	Graham, S., Clopp, M.P., Kostek, N.E., Crawford, B. (2008). Implementation of a high-alert medication program. The Permanente Journal, 12(2), 15-22. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">9.	Brown, J.N., Britnell, S.R., Stivers, A.P., Cruz, J.L. (2017). Medication safety in clinical trials: Role of the pharmacist in optimizing practice, collaboration, and education to reduce errors. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 90(1), 125-133.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">10.	Hsaio, G.Y., Chen, I.J., Yu, S., Wei, I.L., Fang, Y.Y., Tang, F.I. (2010). Nurses&#039; knowledge of high-alert medications: Instrument development and validation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(1), 177-190. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">11.	Ozturk, F., Ozkan, O., Torun, B., Bektay, B., Sancar, M., Okuyan, B. (2022). Reliability of high alert medications knowledge questionnaire in Turkish healthcare professionals. Bezmialem Science, 10(1), 15-21.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">12.	Jaam, M., Naseralallah, L.M., Hussain, T.A., Pawluk, S.A. (2021). Pharmacist-led educational interventions provided to healthcare providers to reduce medication errors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 16(6), e0253588. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">13.	Cleary-Holdforth, J., Leufer, T. (2013). The strategic role of education in the prevention of medication errors in nursing: part 2. Nurse Education in Practice, 13(3), 217-220. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">14.	Irajpour, A., Farzi, S., Saghaei, M., Ravaghi, H. (2019). Effect of interprofessional education of medication safety program on the medication error of physicians and nurses in the intensive care units. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8, 196. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">15.	Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education. Accreditation standards and guidelines for the professional program in pharmacy leading to the doctor of pharmacy degree, 2011. Available from: https://www.acpe-accredit.org/pdf/S2007Guidelines2.0_ChangesIdentifiedInRed.pdf. Access date: 15 Feb 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">16.	Gilligan, A.M., Myers, J., Nash, J.D., Lavigne, J.E., Moczygemba, L.R., Plake, K.S., Quiñones-Boex, A. C., Holdford, D., West-Strum, D., Warholak, T.L. (2012). Educating pharmacy students to improve quality (EPIQ) in colleges and schools of pharmacy. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 76(6), 109. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">17.	International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). Patient safety. Pharmacists’ role in medication without harm. The Hague: International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP); 2020.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">18.	Panakkal, L.M., Sam, B.S., Thomas, A.R., Latheef K.V. F., Saheed, F., Karattuthodi, M.S. (2022). The clinical pharmacist governed periodic monitoring of high alert medications in a tertiary care hospital: A drug utilization evaluation study. Le Pharmacien Clinicien, 57(2), 145-155. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">19.	Engels, M.J., Ciarkowski, S.L. (2015). Nursing, pharmacy, and prescriber knowledge and perceptions of high-alert medications in a large, academic medical hospital. Hospital Pharmacy, 50(4), 287-300. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">20.	Mansur, J.M. (2016).  Medication safety systems and the important role of pharmacists. Drugs Aging 33, 213-221. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">21.	ASHP Statement on the Role of the Medication Safety Leader. Available from: https://www.ashp.org/-/media/assets/policy-guidelines/docs/statements/role-of-medication-safety-leader.ashx. Access date: 18 Apr 2023.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
