<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="reviewer-report"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>j. fac. pharm. ankara</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1015-3918</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2564-6524</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ankara University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33483/jfpau.1300942</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>ROMATOİD ARTRİT TEDAVİSİNDE HEDEFLENDİRİLMİŞ İLAÇ TAŞIYICI SİSTEMLERE GENEL BAKIŞ</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>AN OVERWIEW OF TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS TREATMENT</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1459-2575</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Durmaz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nebahat</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ZONGULDAK BÜLENT ECEVİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZONGULDAK SAĞLIK YÜKSEKOKULU</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-3124</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Mutlu Ağardan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Necibe Başaran</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>GAZI UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, PHARMACY PR.</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20240120">
                    <day>01</day>
                    <month>20</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>48</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>259</fpage>
                                        <lpage>273</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230523">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230921">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>21</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1971, Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1971</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Amaç: Romatoid artrit eklem, kemik, kıkırdak, tendon ve bağlarda hasara sebep olabilen otoimmün bir hastalıktır. Tedavisi, semptomları hafifletmeye yönelik olarak glukokortikoidlerin, modifiye edici antiromatizmal ilaçların (DMARD) ve biyolojiklerin spesifik olmayan, sistemik uygulamalarını içerir. Geleneksel tedavi yaklaşımlarında ilaçların sık aralıklarla ve yüksek dozlarda uygulanması gerekmekte olup, bu durum hastaların yaşam kalitesini düşüren yan etkilere neden olmaktadır. Nano boyutlu ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerin romatoid artrit tedavisi için geliştirilerek enflamasyon bölgelerine ulaştırılması, böylelikle etkin maddelerin dozunun azaltılması, sistemik yan etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Pek çok çalışmada gösterildiği gibi çeşitli ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerin romatoid artrit tedavisinde geleneksel tedavi yöntemlerine alternatif olarak kullanılması hastalığın semptomlarının önlenmesi ve hafifletilmesi açısından oldukça olumlu sonuçlar ortaya koymuştur. Kanser tedavisinde olduğu gibi çeşitli hedefleme yaklaşımlarından faydalanılarak gelecek yıllarda romatoid artrit tedavisinde de umut verici gelişmeler olacağı düşünülmektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage to bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Its treatment includes non-specific, systemic administration of glucocorticoids, DMARDs and biologics to relieve symptoms. In traditional treatment approaches, drugs need to be administered at frequent intervals and in high doses, which causes side effects that reduce the quality of life of patients. It is possible to develop nano-sized drug delivery systems for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and deliver them to the areas of inflammation, thus reducing the dose of drugs and minimizing their systemic side effects.Result and Discussion: As shown in many studies, the use of various drug delivery systems as an alternative to traditional treatment methods in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has shown very positive results in terms of prevention and alleviation of the symptoms of the disease. It is thought that there will be promising developments in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the coming years utilizing of various targeting approaches as in cancer treatment.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>İlaç taşıyıcı sistem</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  hedefleme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  nanopartikül</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  romatoid artrit</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Drug delivery system</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  nanoparticles</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  rheumatoid arthritis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  targeting</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1.	Kourilovitch, M., Galarza-Maldonado, C., Ortiz-Prado, E. (2014). Diagnosis and classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Autoimmunity, 48-49, 26-30. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">2.	Firestein, G.S. (2003). Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature, 423(6937), 356-361.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">3.	Viatte, S., Plant, D., Raychaudhuri, S. (2013). Genetics and epigenetics of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 9(3), 141-153. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">4.	Janakiraman, K., Krishnaswami, V., Rajendran, V., Natesan, S.,  Kandasamy, R. (2018). Novel nano therapeutic materials for the effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-recent insights. Mater Today Commun, 17, 200-213. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">5.	Feldmann, M., Maini, S.R. (2008). Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis: An education in pathophysiology and therapeutics. Immunological Reviews, 223, 7-19. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">6.	Prevalence of disabilities and associated health conditions among adults-United States, 1999. (2001). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 50(7), 120-125.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">7.	Ngian, G.S. (2010). Rheumatoid arthritis. Australian Family Physician, 39(9), 626-628.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">8.	Lipinska, J., Smolewska, E., Brozik, H., Stanczyk, J. (2008). Anti-CCP antibodies in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)-Diagnostic and clinical significance. Central-European Journal of Immunity, 33(1), 19-23.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">9.	Mitragotri, S., Yoo, J.W. (2011). Designing micro- and nano-particles for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 34(11), 1887-1897. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">10.	Saag, K.G. (2002). Glucocorticoid use in rheumatoid arthritis. Current Rheumatology Reports, 4(3), 218-225. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">11.	Solomon, D.H., Katz, J.N., Jacobs, J.P., La Tourette, A.M., Coblyn, J. (2002). Management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Rates and predictors of care in an academic rheumatology practice. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 46(12), 3136-3142. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">12.	Hua, C., Buttgereit, F.,  Combe, B. (2020). Glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis: Current status and future studies. Rheumatic &amp; Musculoskeletal Diseases Open, 6(1), 1-9. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">13.	Hafström, I., Albertsson, K., Boonen, A., van der Heijde, D., Landewé, R.,  Svensson, B. (2009). Remission achieved after 2 years treatment with low-dose prednisolone in addition to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in early rheumatoid arthritis is associated with reduced joint destruction still present after 4 years: An open 2-year continuation study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 68(4), 508-513. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">14.	van Vollenhoven, R.F. (2009). Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: State of the art 2009. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 5(10), 531-541. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">15.	Bonek, K., Roszkowski, L., Massalska, M., Maslinski, W.,  Ciechomska, M. (2021). Biologic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis in the context of biosimilars, genetics, epigenetics and covid-19 treatment. Cells, 10(2), 323-348. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">16.	Montesinos, M.C., Takedachi, M., Thompson, L.F., Wilder, T.F., Fernández, P.,  Cronstein, B.N. (2007). The antiinflammatory mechanism of methotrexate depends on extracellular conversion of adenine nucleotides to adenosine by ecto-5&#039;-nucleotidase: Findings in a study of ecto-5&#039;-nucleotidase gene-deficient mice. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 56(5), 1440-1445. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">17.	Galatage, S.T., Hebalkar, A.S., Gaikwad, S.S., Kumbhar, P.S., Patil, N.N., Desai, K.D., Kanekar, S.U., Kadam, S.S., Sansare, R.S., Sansare, S.S., Killedar, S.G. (2021). Rheumatoid arthritis: Severity classification, factors responsible, pathophysiology, current and herbal treatment. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">18.	Strand, V., Kimberly, R.,  Isaacs, J.D. (2007). Biologic therapies in rheumatology: Lessons learned, future directions. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery, 6(1), 75-92. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">19.	Furst, D.E. (2010). The risk of infections with biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 39(5), 327-346. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">20.	Ren, H., He, Y., Liang, J., Cheng, Z., Zhang, M., Zhu, Y. (2019). Role of liposome size, surface charge, and pegylation on rheumatoid arthritis targeting therapy. ACS Applied Matererials Interfaces, 11(22), 20304-20315. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">21.	Gabizon, A.A. (2001). Stealth liposomes and tumor targeting: One step further in the quest for the magic bullet. Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 7(2), 223-225.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">22.	Ochoa, C.D., Stevens, T. (2012). Studies on the cell biology of interendothelial cell gaps. American Journal of Physiology Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 302(3),  275-286. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">23.	Partridge, C.A., Horvath, C.J., Del Vecchio, P.J., Phillips, P.G., Malik, A.B. (1992). Influence of extracellular matrix in tumor necrosis factor-induced increase in endothelial permeability. The American Journal of  Physiology, 263(6),  627-633. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">24.	Ağardan, N.B.M., Torchilin, V.P. (2016). Chapter 1 - Engineering of stimuli-sensitive nanopreparations to overcome physiological barriers and cancer multidrug resistance. In Grumezescu, A.M. (Ed.), Engineering of Nanobiomaterials, William Andrew Publishing. (pp.1-28).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">25.	Ishihara, T., Kubota, T., Choi, T.,  Higaki, M. (2009). Treatment of experimental arthritis with stealth-type polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating betamethasone phosphate. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 329(2), 412-417. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">26.	Ulmansky, R., Turjeman, K., Baru, M., Katzavian, G., Harel, M., Sigal, A., Naparstek, Y., Barenholz, Y. (2012). Glucocorticoids in nano-liposomes administered intravenously and subcutaneously to adjuvant arthritis rats are superior to the free drugs in suppressing arthritis and inflammatory cytokines. Journal of Controlled Release, 160(2), 299-305. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">27.	Feng, X. , Chen, Y. (2018). Drug delivery targets and systems for targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of  Drug Targeting, 26(10), 845-857. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">28.	van der Heijden, J.W., Oerlemans, R., Dijkmans, B.A., Qi, H., van der Laken, C.J., Lems, W.F., Jackman, A.L., Kraan, M.C., Tak, P.P., Ratnam, M., Jansen, G. (2009). Folate receptor beta as a potential delivery route for novel folate antagonists to macrophages in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 60(1), 12-21. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">29.	Paulos, C.M., Turk, M.J., Breur, G.J.,  Low, P.S. (2004). Folate receptor-mediated targeting of therapeutic and imaging agents to activated macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 56(8), 1205-1217. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">30.	Piscaer, T.M., Müller, C., Mindt, T.L., Lubberts, E., Verhaar, J.A., Krenning, E.P. (2011). Imaging of activated macrophages in experimental osteoarthritis using folate-targeted animal single-photon-emission computed tomography/computed tomography. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 63(7), 1898-1907. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">31.	Schiffelers, R.M., Koning, G.A., ten Hagen, T.L., Fens, M.H., Schraa, A.J., Janssen, A.P., Kok, R.J.,Molema, G., Storm, G. (2003). Anti-tumor efficacy of tumor vasculature-targeted liposomal doxorubicin. Journal of Controlled Release, 91(1-2), 115-122. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">32.	Koning, G.A., Schiffelers, R.M., Wauben, M.H., Kok, R.J., Mastrobattista, E., Molema, G. (2006). Targeting of angiogenic endothelial cells at sites of inflammation by dexamethasone phosphate-containing RGD peptide liposomes inhibits experimental arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 54(4), 1198-1208. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">33.	Kriegsmann, J., Keyszer, G.M., Geiler, T., Lagoo, A.S., Lagoo-Deenadayalan, S., Gay, R.E. (1995). Expression of E-selectin messenger RNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 38(6), 750-754. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">34.	Ma, S., Tian, X.Y., Zhang, Y., Mu, C., Shen, H., Bismuth, J. (2016). E-selectin-targeting delivery of microRNAs by microparticles ameliorates endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis. Scientific Reports, 6, 22910. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">35.	Trujillo-Nolasco, R.M., Morales-Avila, E., Ocampo-García, B.E., Ferro-Flores, G., Gibbens-Bandala, B.V., Escudero-Castellanos, A. (2019). Preparation and in vitro evaluation of radiolabeled HA-PLGA nanoparticles as novel MTX delivery system for local treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Materials Science Engineering: C, 103, 109766. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">36.	Movileanu, C., Anghelache, M., Turtoi, M., Voicu, G., Neacsu, I.A., Ficai, D., Trusca, R., Oprea, O., Ficai, A., Andronescu, E., Calin, M. (2022). Folic acid-decorated PEGylated magnetite nanoparticles as efficient drug carriers to tumor cells overexpressing folic acid receptor. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 625, 122064. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">37.	Kang, L.J., Yoon, J., Rho, J.G., Han, H.S., Lee, S., Oh, Y.S., Kim, H., Kim, E., Kim, S.J., Lim, Y.T., Park J.H., Song, W.K., Yang, S., Kim, W. (2021). Self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for osteoarthritis treatment. Biomaterials, 275, 120967. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">38.	Jin, M., Li, S., Wu, Y., Li, D.,  Han, Y. (2021). Construction of chitosan/alginate nano-drug delivery system for improving dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Nanomaterials, 11(8), 1884. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">39.	Kong, L., Barber, T., Aldinger, J., Bowman, L., Leonard, S., Zhao, J., Ding, M. (2022). ROS generation is involved in titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced AP-1 activation through p38 MAPK and ERK pathways in JB6 cells. Environmental Toxicology, 37(2), 237-244. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">40.	Rafik, S.T., Zeitoun, T.M., Shalaby, T.I., Barakat, M.K.,  Ismail, C.A. (2023). Methotrexate conjugated gold nanoparticles improve rheumatoid vascular dysfunction in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis: Gold revival. Inflammopharmacology, 31(1), 321-335. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">41.	Wu, L., Shen, S. (2019). What potential do magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis? Nanomedicine, 14(8), 927-930. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">42.	Hollander, J.L., Brown, E.M., Jessar, R.A.,  Brown, C.Y. (1951). Hydrocortisone and cortisone injected into arthritic joints; comparative effects of and use of hydrocortisone as a local antiarthritic agent. Journal of the American Medical Association, 147(17), 1629-1635. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">43.	Shinde Patil, V.R., Campbell, C.J., Yun, Y.H., Slack, S.M.,  Goetz, D.J. (2001). Particle diameter influences adhesion under flow. Biophysical Journal, 80(4), 1733-1743. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">44.	Gentile, F., Curcio, A., Indolfi, C., Ferrari, M.,  Decuzzi, P. (2008). The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 6, 1-9. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">45.	Yoo, J.W., Doshi, N., Mitragotri, S. (2011). Adaptive micro and nanoparticles: Temporal control over carrier properties to facilitate drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 63(14-15), 1247-1256. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">46.	Decuzzi, P., Pasqualini, R., Arap, W.,  Ferrari, M. (2009). Intravascular delivery of particulate systems: does geometry really matter? Pharmaceutical Research, 26(1), 235-243. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">47.	Champion, J.A., Mitragotri, S. (2006). Role of target geometry in phagocytosis. Proceedings of National Academy Sciences of the United States of America, 103(13), 4930-4934. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">48.	Gref, R., Minamitake, Y., Peracchia, M.T., Trubetskoy, V., Torchilin, V., Langer, R. (1994). Biodegradable long-circulating polymeric nanospheres. Science, 263(5153), 1600-1603. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">49.	Owens III, D.E., Peppas, N.A. (2006). Opsonization, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticles. Internationals Journal of  Pharmaceutics, 307(1), 93-102. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">50.	Levick, J.R. (1990). Hypoxia and acidosis in chronic inflammatory arthritis; relation to vascular supply and dynamic effusion pressure. The Journal of Rheumatology, 17(5), 579-582.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">51.	Metselaar, J.M., Middelink, L.M., Wortel, C.H., Bos, R., van Laar, J.M., Vonkeman, H.E., Westhovens, R., Lammers, T., Yao, S.L., Kothekar, M., Raut, A., Bijlsma, J.W.J. (2022). Intravenous pegylated liposomal prednisolone outperforms intramuscular methylprednisolone in treating rheumatoid arthritis flares: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Controlled Release, 341, 548-554. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">52.	Anselmo, A.C., Mitragotri, S. (2016). Nanoparticles in the clinic. Bioengineering Translational Medicine, 1(1), 10-29. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">53.	Obeid, M.A., Al Qaraghuli, M.M., Alsaadi, M., Alzahrani, A.R., Niwasabutra, K.,  Ferro, V.A. (2017). Delivering natural products and biotherapeutics to improve drug efficacy. Therapeutic Delivery, 8(11), 947-956. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">54.	Jain, S., Heeralal, B., Swami, R., Swarnakar, N.K.,  Kushwah, V. (2018). Improved oral bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and reduced toxicity of tamoxifen-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles. An Official Journal of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientist, 19(1), 460-469. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">55.	Jahangirian, H., Lemraski, E.G., Webster, T.J., Rafiee-Moghaddam, R.,  Abdollahi, Y. (2017). A review of drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology and green chemistry: Green nanomedicine. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 12, 2957-2978. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">56.	Banik, B.L., Fattahi, P.,  Brown, J.L. (2016). Polymeric nanoparticles: The future of nanomedicine. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 8(2), 271-299. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">57.	Siddique, R., Mehmood, M.H., Haris, M., Saleem, A.,  Chaudhry, Z. (2022). Promising role of polymeric nanoparticles in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology, 30(4), 1207-1218. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref58">
                        <label>58</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">58.	Li, R., He, Y., Zhu, Y., Jiang, L., Zhang, S., Qin, J. (2019). Route to rheumatoid arthritis by macrophage-derived microvesicle-coated nanoparticles. Nano Letters, 19(1), 124-134. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref59">
                        <label>59</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">59.	Tan, T., Huang, Q., Chu, W., Li, B., Wu, J., Xia, Q. (2022). Delivery of germacrone (GER) using macrophages-targeted polymeric nanoparticles and its application in rheumatoid arthritis. Drug Delivery, 29(1), 692-701. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref60">
                        <label>60</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">60.	Allen, T.M., Cullis, P.R. (2013). Liposomal drug delivery systems: from concept to clinical applications. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 65(1), 36-48. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref61">
                        <label>61</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">61.	Verrico, C.D., Wesson, S., Konduri, V., Hofferek, C.J., Vazquez-Perez, J., Blair, E. (2020). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of daily cannabidiol for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain. Pain, 161(9), 2191-2202.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref62">
                        <label>62</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">62.	Shen, Q., Shu, H., Xu, X., Shu, G., Du, Y.,  Ying, X. (2020). Tofacitinib citrate-based liposomes for effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Die Pharmazie, 75(4), 131-135.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref63">
                        <label>63</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">63.	Zhou, X., Huang, D., Wang, R., Wu, M., Zhu, L., Peng, W. (2021). Targeted therapy of rheumatoid arthritis via macrophage repolarization. Drug Delivery, 28(1), 2447-2459. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref64">
                        <label>64</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">64.	Qindeel, M., Khan, D., Ahmed, N., Khan, S.,  Asim Ur, R. (2020). Surfactant-free, self-assembled nanomicelles-based transdermal hydrogel for safe and targeted delivery of methotrexate against rheumatoid arthritis. ACS Nano, 14(4), 4662-4681. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref65">
                        <label>65</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">65.	Li, C., Chen, X., Luo, X., Wang, H., Zhu, Y., Du, G., Chen, W., Chen, Z., Hao, X., Zhang, Z., Sun, X. (2021). Nanoemulsions target to ectopic lymphoids in inflamed joints to restore immune tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis. Nano Letters, 21(6), 2551-2561. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref66">
                        <label>66</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">66.	Yousefpoor, Y., Amani, A., Divsalar, A., Mousavi, S.E., Shakeri, A., Sabzevari, J.T. (2022). Anti-rheumatic activity of topical nanoemulsion containing bee venom in rats. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 172, 168-176. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref67">
                        <label>67</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">67.	Bashir, M., Ahmad, J., Asif, M., Khan, S.U.D., Irfan, M., Asim, Y.I., Asghar, S., Khan, I.U., Iqbal, M.S., Haseeb, A., Khalid, S.H., Abourehab, M. (2021). Nanoemulgel, an innovative carrier for diflunisal topical delivery with profound anti-inflammatory effect: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 16, 1457-1472. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref68">
                        <label>68</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">68.	Vadlapudi, A.D., Mitra, A.K. (2013). Nanomicelles: An emerging platform for drug delivery to the eye. Therapeutic Delivery, 4(1), 1-3. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref69">
                        <label>69</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">69.	Magne, T.M., Helal-Neto, E., Correa, L.B., Rebelo Alencar, L.M., Gemini Piperni, S., Iram, S.H. (2021). Rheumatoid arthritis treatment using hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate co-loaded nanomicelles: In vivo results. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 206, 111952. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref70">
                        <label>70</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">70.	Yu, C., Liu, H., Guo, C., Chen, Q., Su, Y., Guo, H. (2022). Dextran sulfate-based MMP-2 enzyme-sensitive SR-A receptor targeting nanomicelles for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Drug Delivery, 29(1), 454-465. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref71">
                        <label>71</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">71.	Yu, M., Jie, X., Xu, L., Chen, C., Shen, W., Cao, Y., Lian, G., Qi, R. (2015). Recent advances in dendrimer research for cardiovascular diseases. Biomacromolecules, 16(9), 2588-2598. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref72">
                        <label>72</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">72.	Wu, L.P., Ficker, M., Christensen, J.B., Trohopoulos, P.N.,  Moghimi, S.M. (2015). Dendrimers in medicine: Therapeutic concepts and pharmaceutical challenges. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 26(7), 1198-1211. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref73">
                        <label>73</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">73.	Han, H., Xing, J., Chen, W., Jia, J.,  Li, Q. (2023). Fluorinated polyamidoamine dendrimer-mediated miR-23b delivery for the treatment of experimental rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Nature Communications, 14(1), 944. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref74">
                        <label>74</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">74.	Oliveira, I.M., Gonçalves, C., Oliveira, E.P., Simón-Vázquez, R., da Silva Morais, A., González-Fernández, Á., Reis, R.L., Oliveria, J.M. (2021). PAMAM dendrimers functionalised with an anti-TNF α antibody and chondroitin sulphate for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Material Science and Engineering:C, 121, 111845. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref75">
                        <label>75</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">75.	Oliveira, I.M., Carvalho, M.R., Fernandes, D.C., Abreu, C.M., Maia, F.R., Pereira, H., Caballero, D., Kundu, S.C., Reis, R.L., Oliveria, J.M. (2021). Modulation of inflammation by anti-TNF α mAb-dendrimer nanoparticles loaded in tyramine-modified gellan gum hydrogels in a cartilage-on-a-chip model. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 9(20), 4211-4218. [CrossRef]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
