TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZING) NÄGELI (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA)

Eldrin Arguelles

doi:10.33483/jfpau.1005986

Research Article

TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZING) NÄGELI (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA)

Year 2022, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 170 - 181, 29.01.2022

Eldrin Arguelles

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1005986

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Objective: Cyanobacteria are novel sources of bioactive substances with important biological activities. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) and bioactive (antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial) properties of a freshwater cyanobacteria, Chroococcus minutus were investigated.

Material and Method: Methanol extract of C. minutus were prepared and subjected to different biological assays to determine the TPC, antioxidant, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition properties. The antibacterial activity was done using microtiter plate dilution assay against various medically important bacterial pathogens.

Result and Discussion: C. minutus has a TPC of 11.27 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g. Antioxidant efficiency of C. minutus are characterized by having potent DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 value of 255 μg/ml. Assessment of alpha-glucosidase inhibition property showed that C. minutus extract have potent inhibition activity with IC50 of 5.50 μg/ml as compared to acarbose (standard antidiabetic drug). In addition, C. minutus extract exhibited potent antibacterial activities against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The current investigation shows the potential of C. minutus as source of active metabolites with important use in pharmaceutical applications.

Keywords

Biological activity, cyanobacteria, freshwater, Philippines

Supporting Institution

University of the Philippines Los Banos

References

[1] Rao, D. B. (2015). Antibacterial activity of fresh water Cyanobacteria. Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization. 6(3), 60-64.
[2] Arguelles, E.D.L.R. (2021). Biochemical composition and bioactive properties of Chlorella minutissima (Chm1) as a potential source of chemical compounds for nutritional feed supplement and disease control in aquaculture. Current Applied Science and Technology, 21(1),65-77.
[3] Katircioglu, H., Beyalti, Y., Aslim, B., Yusekdag, Z., Atic, T. (2006). Screening for antimicrobial agent production of some microalgae in freshwater. The Internet Journal of Microbiology. 2(2),63-72.
[4] Bagchi, S.N., Ray, S. (2001). Nutrients and pH regulate algicide accumulation in cultures of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria laetevirens. New Phytologist. 149:455-460.
[5] Li, H.B., Cheng, K.W., Wong, C.C., Fan, K.W., Chen, F., Jiang, Y. (2007). Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of different fractions of selected microalgae. Food Chemistry, 102, 771-776.
[6] Arguelles, E.D.L.R., Sapin, A., B. (2021). Chemical composition and bioactive properties of Sargassum aquifolium (Turner) C. Agardh and its potential for pharmaceutical application. Philippine Journal of Science, 151(S1), 9-24.
[7] Nuñez Selles, A., Castro, H.T.V., Aguero, J.A., Gonzalez, J.G., Naddeo, F., De Simone, F., Pastrelli, L. (2002). Isolation and quantitative analysis of phenolic antioxidants, free sugars and polyols from mango (Mangifera indica L.) stem bark aqueous decoction used in Cuba as a nutritional supplement. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 762-766.
[8] Ribeiro, S.M.R., Barbosa, L.C.A., Queiroz, J.H., Knodler, M., Schieber, A. (2008). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Brazilian mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties. Food Chemistry. 110(3), 620-626.
[9] Arguelles, E.D.L.R., Sapin, A., B. (2020). Bioactive properties of Sargassum siliquosum J. Agardh (Fucales, Ochrophyta) and its potential as source of skin-lightening active ingredient for cosmetic application. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 10(7), 51-58.
[10] Nair, S.S., Kavrekar, V., Mishra, A. (2013). In vitro studies on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of selected plant extracts. European Journal of Experimenta Biology, 3(1), 128–132.
[11] Vega, J., Bonomi-Barufi, J., Gomez-Pinchetti, J.L., Figueroa, F.L. (2020). Cyanobacteria and red macroalgae as potential sources of antioxidants and UV radiation-absorbing compounds for cosmeceutical applications. Marine Drugs, 18(12), 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120659
[12] Rahul, V., Agrawal, P., Sharma, M., Shukla, S. (2016). Total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant potential of organic extract of freshwater algal sample collected from a marine lake. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 45(10), 1320–1326.
[13] Hossain, M.F., Ratnayake, R.R., Meearajini, K., Kumara, K.L.W. (2016). Antioxidant properties in some selected cyanobacteria isolated from freshwater bodies of Sri Lanka. Food Science and Nutrition, 4(5), 753–758.
[14] Singh, D.P., Prabha, R., Verma, S., Meena, K.K., Yandegiri, M. (2017). Antioxidant properties and polyphenolic content in terrestrial cyanobacteria. 3 Biotech, 7(2):134. doi: 10.1007/s13205-017-0786-6.
[15] Liu, N., Fu, X., Duan, D., Xu, J., Gao, X., Zhao, L. (2018). Evaluation of bioactivity of phenolic compounds from the brown seaweed of Sargassum fusiforme and development of their stable emulsion. Journal of Applied Phycology, 30, 1955–1970. doi: 10.1007/s10811-017-1383-0.
[16] Arguelles, E.D.L.R., Laurena, A.C., Martinez-Goss, M.R. and Monsalud, R.G. (2017). Antibacterial activity, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of a green microalga Desmodesmus sp. (U-AU2) from Los Baños, Laguna (Philippines). Journal of Nature Studies, 16(2), 1-13.
[17] Charoonnart, P., Purton, S. and Saksmerprome, V. (2018). Applications of microalgal biotechnology for disease control in aquaculture. Biology, 7(2), 24, https://doi.org/10.3390/biology7020024.
[18] Dussault, D., Vu, K.D., Vansach, T., Horgen, F.D., Lacroix, M. (2016). Antimicrobial effects of marine algal extracts and cyanobacterial pure compounds against five foodborne pathogens. Food Chemistry, 199, 114–118.
[19] Preisitsch, M., Harmrolfs, K., Vansach, T., Pham, H.T.L., Heiden, S.E., Füssel, A., Wiesner, C., Pretsch, A., Swiatecka-Hagenbruch, M., Niedermeyer, T.H.J., Müller, R., Mundt, S. (2015). Anti-MRSA-acting carbamidocyclophanes H–L from the Vietnamese cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. CAVN2. The Journal of Antibiotics, 68, 165–177.
[20] Arguelles, E.D.L.R. (2018). Proximate analysis, antibacterial activity, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of a green microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Brébisson. Asian Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Environmental Science, 20(1), 150-158.
[21] Priatni, S., Budiwati, T.A., Ratnaningrum, D., Kosasih, W., Andryani, R., Susanti, H., Susilaningsih, D. (2016). Antidiabetic screening of some Indonesian marine cyanobacteria collection. Biodiversitas, 17(2), 642-646.
[22] Ghosh, T., Bhayani, K., Paliwal, C., Maurya, R., Chokshi, K., Pancha, I., Mishra, S. (2016). Cyanobacterial Pigments as Natural Anti-Hyperglycemic Agents: An In vitro Study. Frontiers in Maine Science, 3:146. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00146.
[23] Jüttner, F., Wessel, H.P. (2003). Isolation of Di(Hydroxymethyl)Dihydroxypyrrolidine from the cyanobacterial Genus Cylindrospermum that effectively inhibits digestive glucosidases of aquatic insects and crustacean grazers. Journal of Phycology, 39, 26–32.
[24] Gouda, K.G.M., Kavitha, M.D., Sarada, R. (2015). Antihyperglycemic, Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the butanol extract from Spirulina platensis: antihyperglycemic effect of Spirulina. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 39, 594–602.
[25] Gradíssimo, D.G., Oliveira da Silva, V.C., Xavier, L.P., do Nascimento, S.V., Valadares, R.B.d.S., Faustino, S.M.M., Schneider, M.P.C., Santos, A.V. (2021). Glucosidase inhibitors screening in microalgae and cyanobacteria isolated from the amazon and proteomic analysis of inhibitor producing Synechococcus sp. GFB01. Microorganisms, 9, 1593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ microorganisms9081593.
[26] Kim K-T, Rioux L-E, Turgeon SL. (2014). Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition is differentially modulated by fucoidan obtained from Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum. Phytochemistry, 98: 27–33.
[27] Kim Arguelles E.D.L.R., Sapin, A.B. (2020). In vitro antioxidant, alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and antibacterial properties of Turbinaria decurrens Bory (Sargassaceae, Ochrophyta). Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 25(3).

CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZİNG) NÄGELİ'NİN (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA) ANTİOKSİDAN, ANTİBAKTERİYEL VE ALFA-GLUKOZİDAZ İNHİBİSYON ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TOPLAM FENOLİK İÇERİĞİ VE İN VİTRO ANALİZİ

Year 2022, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 170 - 181, 29.01.2022

Eldrin Arguelles

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1005986

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Amaç: Siyanobakteriler, önemli biyolojik aktivitelere sahip yeni biyoaktif madde kaynaklarıdır. Bu çalışmada, bir tatlı su siyanobakterisi olan Chroococcus minutus'un toplam fenolik içeriği (TPC) ve biyoaktif (antioksidan, antidiyabetik ve antibakteriyel) özellikleri incelenmiştir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: C. minutus'un metanol özütü hazırlanarak, TPC, antioksidan ve alfa-glukozidaz inhibisyon özelliklerini belirlemek için farklı biyolojik deneylere tabi tutulmuştur. Antibakteriyel aktivite, tıbbi açıdan önemli çeşitli bakteriyel patojenlere karşı mikrotitre plaka seyreltme deneyi kullanılarak yapılmıştır.

Sonuç ve Tartışma: C. minutus'un TPC'si 11.27 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g'dir. C. minutus'un antioksidan etkinliği, 255 μg/ml IC50 değeri ile güçlü DPPH temizleme aktivitesine sahip olmasıyla karakterize edilir. Alfa-glukozidaz inhibisyon özelliğinin değerlendirilmesi, C. minutus özütünün, akarboza (standart antidiyabetik ilaç) kıyasla 5.50 μg/ml IC50 ile güçlü inhibisyon aktivitesine sahip olduğunu gösterdi. Ek olarak, C. minutus özütü, Bacillus cereus'a, Listeria monocytogenes'e ve Metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus'a karşı güçlü antibakteriyel aktiviteler sergilemiştir. Mevcut araştırma, farmasötik uygulamalarda önemli kullanımı olan aktif metabolitlerin kaynağı olarak C. minutus'un potansiyelini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Biyolojik aktivite, siyanobakteriler, tatlı su, Filipinler

References

[1] Rao, D. B. (2015). Antibacterial activity of fresh water Cyanobacteria. Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization. 6(3), 60-64.
[2] Arguelles, E.D.L.R. (2021). Biochemical composition and bioactive properties of Chlorella minutissima (Chm1) as a potential source of chemical compounds for nutritional feed supplement and disease control in aquaculture. Current Applied Science and Technology, 21(1),65-77.
[3] Katircioglu, H., Beyalti, Y., Aslim, B., Yusekdag, Z., Atic, T. (2006). Screening for antimicrobial agent production of some microalgae in freshwater. The Internet Journal of Microbiology. 2(2),63-72.
[4] Bagchi, S.N., Ray, S. (2001). Nutrients and pH regulate algicide accumulation in cultures of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria laetevirens. New Phytologist. 149:455-460.
[5] Li, H.B., Cheng, K.W., Wong, C.C., Fan, K.W., Chen, F., Jiang, Y. (2007). Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of different fractions of selected microalgae. Food Chemistry, 102, 771-776.
[6] Arguelles, E.D.L.R., Sapin, A., B. (2021). Chemical composition and bioactive properties of Sargassum aquifolium (Turner) C. Agardh and its potential for pharmaceutical application. Philippine Journal of Science, 151(S1), 9-24.
[7] Nuñez Selles, A., Castro, H.T.V., Aguero, J.A., Gonzalez, J.G., Naddeo, F., De Simone, F., Pastrelli, L. (2002). Isolation and quantitative analysis of phenolic antioxidants, free sugars and polyols from mango (Mangifera indica L.) stem bark aqueous decoction used in Cuba as a nutritional supplement. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 762-766.
[8] Ribeiro, S.M.R., Barbosa, L.C.A., Queiroz, J.H., Knodler, M., Schieber, A. (2008). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Brazilian mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties. Food Chemistry. 110(3), 620-626.
[9] Arguelles, E.D.L.R., Sapin, A., B. (2020). Bioactive properties of Sargassum siliquosum J. Agardh (Fucales, Ochrophyta) and its potential as source of skin-lightening active ingredient for cosmetic application. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 10(7), 51-58.
[10] Nair, S.S., Kavrekar, V., Mishra, A. (2013). In vitro studies on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of selected plant extracts. European Journal of Experimenta Biology, 3(1), 128–132.
[11] Vega, J., Bonomi-Barufi, J., Gomez-Pinchetti, J.L., Figueroa, F.L. (2020). Cyanobacteria and red macroalgae as potential sources of antioxidants and UV radiation-absorbing compounds for cosmeceutical applications. Marine Drugs, 18(12), 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120659
[12] Rahul, V., Agrawal, P., Sharma, M., Shukla, S. (2016). Total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant potential of organic extract of freshwater algal sample collected from a marine lake. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 45(10), 1320–1326.
[13] Hossain, M.F., Ratnayake, R.R., Meearajini, K., Kumara, K.L.W. (2016). Antioxidant properties in some selected cyanobacteria isolated from freshwater bodies of Sri Lanka. Food Science and Nutrition, 4(5), 753–758.
[14] Singh, D.P., Prabha, R., Verma, S., Meena, K.K., Yandegiri, M. (2017). Antioxidant properties and polyphenolic content in terrestrial cyanobacteria. 3 Biotech, 7(2):134. doi: 10.1007/s13205-017-0786-6.
[15] Liu, N., Fu, X., Duan, D., Xu, J., Gao, X., Zhao, L. (2018). Evaluation of bioactivity of phenolic compounds from the brown seaweed of Sargassum fusiforme and development of their stable emulsion. Journal of Applied Phycology, 30, 1955–1970. doi: 10.1007/s10811-017-1383-0.
[16] Arguelles, E.D.L.R., Laurena, A.C., Martinez-Goss, M.R. and Monsalud, R.G. (2017). Antibacterial activity, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of a green microalga Desmodesmus sp. (U-AU2) from Los Baños, Laguna (Philippines). Journal of Nature Studies, 16(2), 1-13.
[17] Charoonnart, P., Purton, S. and Saksmerprome, V. (2018). Applications of microalgal biotechnology for disease control in aquaculture. Biology, 7(2), 24, https://doi.org/10.3390/biology7020024.
[18] Dussault, D., Vu, K.D., Vansach, T., Horgen, F.D., Lacroix, M. (2016). Antimicrobial effects of marine algal extracts and cyanobacterial pure compounds against five foodborne pathogens. Food Chemistry, 199, 114–118.
[19] Preisitsch, M., Harmrolfs, K., Vansach, T., Pham, H.T.L., Heiden, S.E., Füssel, A., Wiesner, C., Pretsch, A., Swiatecka-Hagenbruch, M., Niedermeyer, T.H.J., Müller, R., Mundt, S. (2015). Anti-MRSA-acting carbamidocyclophanes H–L from the Vietnamese cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. CAVN2. The Journal of Antibiotics, 68, 165–177.
[20] Arguelles, E.D.L.R. (2018). Proximate analysis, antibacterial activity, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of a green microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Brébisson. Asian Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Environmental Science, 20(1), 150-158.
[21] Priatni, S., Budiwati, T.A., Ratnaningrum, D., Kosasih, W., Andryani, R., Susanti, H., Susilaningsih, D. (2016). Antidiabetic screening of some Indonesian marine cyanobacteria collection. Biodiversitas, 17(2), 642-646.
[22] Ghosh, T., Bhayani, K., Paliwal, C., Maurya, R., Chokshi, K., Pancha, I., Mishra, S. (2016). Cyanobacterial Pigments as Natural Anti-Hyperglycemic Agents: An In vitro Study. Frontiers in Maine Science, 3:146. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00146.
[23] Jüttner, F., Wessel, H.P. (2003). Isolation of Di(Hydroxymethyl)Dihydroxypyrrolidine from the cyanobacterial Genus Cylindrospermum that effectively inhibits digestive glucosidases of aquatic insects and crustacean grazers. Journal of Phycology, 39, 26–32.
[24] Gouda, K.G.M., Kavitha, M.D., Sarada, R. (2015). Antihyperglycemic, Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the butanol extract from Spirulina platensis: antihyperglycemic effect of Spirulina. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 39, 594–602.
[25] Gradíssimo, D.G., Oliveira da Silva, V.C., Xavier, L.P., do Nascimento, S.V., Valadares, R.B.d.S., Faustino, S.M.M., Schneider, M.P.C., Santos, A.V. (2021). Glucosidase inhibitors screening in microalgae and cyanobacteria isolated from the amazon and proteomic analysis of inhibitor producing Synechococcus sp. GFB01. Microorganisms, 9, 1593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ microorganisms9081593.
[26] Kim K-T, Rioux L-E, Turgeon SL. (2014). Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition is differentially modulated by fucoidan obtained from Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum. Phytochemistry, 98: 27–33.
[27] Kim Arguelles E.D.L.R., Sapin, A.B. (2020). In vitro antioxidant, alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and antibacterial properties of Turbinaria decurrens Bory (Sargassaceae, Ochrophyta). Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 25(3).

There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Eldrin Arguelles 0000-0003-1856-670X
Publication Date	January 29, 2022
Submission Date	October 7, 2021
Acceptance Date	December 27, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 46 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Arguelles, E. (2022). TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZING) NÄGELI (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA). Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 46(1), 170-181. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1005986
AMA	Arguelles E. TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZING) NÄGELI (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA). J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. January 2022;46(1):170-181. doi:10.33483/jfpau.1005986
Chicago	Arguelles, Eldrin. “TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZING) NÄGELI (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA)”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 46, no. 1 (January 2022): 170-81. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1005986.
EndNote	Arguelles E (January 1, 2022) TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZING) NÄGELI (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA). Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 46 1 170–181.
IEEE	E. Arguelles, “TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZING) NÄGELI (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA)”, J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 170–181, 2022, doi: 10.33483/jfpau.1005986.
ISNAD	Arguelles, Eldrin. “TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZING) NÄGELI (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA)”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 46/1 (January 2022), 170-181. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1005986.
JAMA	Arguelles E. TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZING) NÄGELI (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA). J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. 2022;46:170–181.
MLA	Arguelles, Eldrin. “TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZING) NÄGELI (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA)”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, vol. 46, no. 1, 2022, pp. 170-81, doi:10.33483/jfpau.1005986.
Vancouver	Arguelles E. TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS (KÜTZING) NÄGELI (CHROOCOCCALES, CYANOBACTERIA). J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. 2022;46(1):170-81.

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The Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University is an international medium, an open access, peer-reviewed journal for the publication of original research reports, reviews and short communications in English or Turkish on relevant developments in pharmaceutical sciences., Proceeding of scientific meetings may be published as special issues of supplements to the journal. Additionally, it contains previous and forthcoming national and international scientific meetings with social activities in pharmaceutical areas.