Aile Sağlığı Merkezine Başvuran Kadınların Bebek Bakımına İlişkin Kültürel ve Fonksiyonel Olmayan Uygulamaları

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 117 - 130, 31.12.2023

Nuray Öztürk Gülendam Karadağ

Öz

Amaç: Bazı kültürel uygulamalar yenidoğan ve bebeklerin sağlığını etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle kültürel uygulamalar üzerinde durulması gereken önemli bir konudur. Aile sağlığı merkezleri, ailelerin sıklıkla başvurduğu kurumlar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada birinci basamağa başvuran annelerin uyguladıkları kültürel uygulamaların belirlenmesi ve bunları etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Veriler, Kültürel Bebek Bakımı Uygulamaları Anketi ve İşlevsel Olmayan İnançlar ve Uygulamalar Tutum Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır.
Çalışma verileri, Türkiye'nin batısında bir ilde Sağlık Müdürlüğüne bağlı beş farklı Aile Sağlığı Merkezinde (ASM) toplanmıştır. Katılımcılar 18-49 yaş arası en az bir çocuğu olan kadınlardan oluşmaktadır (n= 208). Bulgular: Kısıtlayıcı kundaklama, yenidoğanın vücudunu tuzla ovma ve yenidoğanlarda bitkisel yağların kullanılması zararlı olma potansiyeline sahip uygulamalardır. Eğitim düzeyi ve yaşı, annelerin kültürel uygulamalara başvurmasını etkilemektedir. Kültürel uygulamalara başvuran annelerin bebek bakımı konusunda uygunsuz bilgi ve inançlara sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Birinci basamakta çalışan hemşireler, halen güncel bir sorun olan kültürel uygulamaların bebek sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerinin farkında olmalı ve genç yaşta veya eğitim düzeyi düşük anneleri bebek bakımı konusunda bilgilendirmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geleneksel ve Kültürel Uygulamalar;, Fonksiyonel Olmayan Uygulamalar, Bebek Bakımı, Hemşirelik

Cultural and Nonfunctional Infant Care Practices of Women Visiting Family Health Centers

Öz

Aim: Some cultural practices continue to affect the health of newborns and infants. Therefore, cultural practices are an important issue that should be emphasized. Family health centers are among the institutions that families frequently apply to. In this study, it was aimed to determine the cultural practices applied by mothers who applied to primary care and to determine the factors affecting them. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive study. Data were collected via a Cultural Infant Care Practices Questionnaire, and the Nonfunctional Beliefs and Implementations Attitude Scale. Study data were collected in five different Family Health Centers (FHCs) affiliated with the Health Directorate in a province in the west of Turkey. Participants were women aged 18-49 with at least one child (n= 208). Results: Potentially harmful practices include restrictive swaddling, rubbing a newborn's body with salt, and using vegetable oils on newborns. Education level and age affect mothers' recourse to cultural practice. It has been determined that mothers who apply to cultural practices have inappropriate knowledge and beliefs in infant care. Conclusion: Nurses working in primary health care should be aware of the effects of cultural practices, which is still a current problem, on infant health and should inform mothers who are mothers at a young age or low educational level about infant care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Traditional and Cultural Practices, Non-Functional Practices, Baby Care, Nursing

Etik Beyan

Ethical Aspects of the Study At the outset, the approval of the Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee was obtained (date: October 26, 2020; issue: 2020/26-52). Written institutional permission of the Provincial Health Directorate in the province where the study was conducted was obtained. Women who volunteered to participate in the study submitted written consent by filling out the Informed Voluntary Consent Form, which included information about the purpose of the study. Permission of the researcher who developed the scale used in the study was obtained via e-mail. The principles of the Declaration of Helsinki were taken into account in the study.

Destekleyen Kurum

Funding Sources No financial support was obtained from any institution or organization for the study.

Teşekkür

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the all participants.

Kaynakça

• 1. Çevik A, Alan, S. Traditional practices applied in postpartum period. Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine and Folk Medicine. 2020; 10(1): 14-22. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.624508.
• 2. Kuğuoğlu S. Intercultural nursing. In: Karadakovan, A, Aslan FE. Editors. Care in Internal And Surgical Diseases, Academic Bookstore, 2020, p. 75-88.
• 3. Ünsal A. Four basic concepts of nursing: human, environment, health, illness, nursing. Kirsehir Ahi Evran University Journal of Health Sciences. 2017; 1(1), 11-28.
• 4. Sivri BB, Karataş N. Cultural Aspect of the Society: Traditional practices of mother and baby care during the post-partum period and the relevant examples from the world. Journal of Current Pediatrics/Güncel Pediatri. 2015;13(3): 183-193. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.50479
• 5. Aktaş MC, Şimşek Ç, Aktaş, S. Etiology of postpartum depression: Culture effect. JAREN. 2017; 3(1), 10-13.
• 6. Özdemir S. Traditional applications in baby care. Health and Society. 2020;30(3), 3-10.
• 7. Yalçın H, Koçak N. Traditional beliefs and practices related to pregnancy and Karaman example. Urban Academy, Rewieved Journal of Urban Culture and Management. 2013;6(13):18-34.
• 8. Çalbayram NÇ, Altundağ S, Aydın B. Traditional practices encountered by the nurses in pediatric patients. Journal of Continuing Medical Education. 2017;26(1): 27-31.
• 9. Arısoy A, Canbulat N, Ayhan F. Karaman ilindeki annelerin bebeklerinin bakiminda uyguladiklari geleneksel yöntemler. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2014; 17(1), 23-31.
• 10. Aşılar RH, Bekar P. Knowledge, traditional beliefs, and practices of mothers with 0-24 month-old children concerning child care. The Journal of Current Pediatrics. 2018;16(2): 1-18.
• 11. Tanrıverdi G, Erdem, Ö. Guide suggestion in accordance with nursing research investigating traditional methods in infant care. International Refereed Journal of Gynaecological Diseases and Maternal Child Health. 2018;(14):83-114. Doi: 10.17367/JACSD.2018.3.1.
• 12. Yalçın H, Koçak N. Validity and reliability study of nonfunctional beliefs and implementation attitude scale. International Journal of Social and Economic Sciences. 2012; 2(2): 157-163.
• 13. Ghasemi A, Zahediasl S. Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for nonstatisticians. International journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2012;10(2), 486.
• 14. Sakar T, Sevil Ü, Apay SE. Evaluation of puerperal women’s dysfunctional beliefs and practices related to the care during pregnancy, delivery and post-natal period. International Refereed Journal of Gynaecological Diseases and Maternal Child Health. 2015;32-44. http://doi.org/10.17367/jacsd.2015414408.
• 15. Çınar İÖ, Aslan GK, Kartal A, İnci FH, Koştu NA. A study of mother’s traditional infant care methods for infants less than a year old age. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2015;14(5), 378-386. Doi: 10.5455/pmb.1-1426018987.
• 16. Suzan ÖK, Çınar N. Colostrum: its properties and benefits to premature infants. Journal of Continuing Medical Education.2020;29(3):221-227. https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.541754.
• 17. Mrayan L, Abujilban S, Abuidhail J, Alshraifeen A. Traditional neonatal care practices in Jordan: A qualitative study. Nursing & health sciences. 2018;20(4): 486-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12540.
• 18. Shah T, Dan Y, Shah SNA, Zhongliang Z, Hui L. Traditional beliefs and practices in newborn care among mothers in Shaanxi Province, China. J Pregnancy Newborncare. 2021;6, 2.
• 19. Osman A, Gafferc Y, Sharkawyc A, Brandond D. Maternal cultural practices for neonates care in upper Egypt. Women and Birth. 2018; 31:278285.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2017.09.022.
• 20. Yiğitalp G, Gümüş F. Traditional infant care practices of women aged 15-49 in Diyarbakır. Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease. 2017;11(3):188-196.
• 21. Akçay G, Kırlı U, Topal H, Topal Y, Hakan N, Özer EA. Traditional methods used in the care of babies of mothersin Muğla province. Ortadogu Medical Journal. 2019;11(3): 263-270. https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.458292
• 22. Güler S, Avcı S, Yiğit F, Ortabağ T. Determining the traditional practices and attitudes of mothers with 0-12 month-old babies in baby care. Journal of Women's Health Nursing. 2018;4(1), 35-50.
• 23. Sezer Efe Y, Erdem E, Özbey H, Tuncay B. Traditional practices used by mothers in ınfant care: A descriptive study. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies. 2021;4(3), 326-335.
• 24. Zeren F, Gürsoy E. World Health Organization's postpartum care recommendations for mother and newborn. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences. 2018;7(4): 95-102.
• 25. Ergin A, Acar GA, Baltacı K. Traditional methods in infant care by parents to 0-24 months old babies. The Journal of Current Pediatrics. 2020;18(3);370-389.
• 26. Arabiat DH, Whitehead L, Al Jabery MA, Darawad M, Geraghty S, Halasa S. Newborn care practices of mothers in arab societies: implication for infant welfare. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 2019;30(3): 260-267.
• 27. Al-Sagarat AY, Al-Kharabsheh A. Traditional practices adopted by Jordanian mothers when caring for their infants in rural areas. African Journal of Traditional. Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2017;14(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.4499.
• 28. Turkish Neonatology Association. (2014). Approach, follow-up and treatment guide for neonatal jaundice. http://www.neonatology.org.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/sarilik.pdf.
• 29. İnci R, Aslan S, Çınar E, Çeçen S. Culture-spesific approaches for baby care of 15-49 years old mothers in the postpartum period living in Batman. Batman University Journal of Life Sciences. 2019; 9(2):225-235.
• 30. Deveci SE, Bayram Değer V. The Evaluation of the known and/or applied traditional methods in mother care during postpartum period among married women living in Kızıltepe, Mardin Province. Firat Med J. 2017; 22(1): 34-42.
• 31. TR Ministry Of Health. (2021). Infant and child follow-up protocols. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/Yayin/420 .
• 32. Memon ZA, Khan MI, Soofi S, Muhammad S, Bhutta ZA. A cross sectional survey of newborn care practices in Rural Sindh, Pakistan. implications for research and policy. Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 2013; 6(2),137-144. https://doi.org/10.3233/npm-1366712 .
• 33. Amolo L, Irimu G, Njai D. Knowledge of postnatal mothers on essential newborn care practices at the Kenyatta National Hospital: A cross sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal. 2017; 28(1), 159-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659618794256.
• 34. TR Ministry Of Health, General Institution of Public Health Child and Adolescent Department. (2014). Basic newborn care https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/cocuk_ergen_db/dokumanlar/yayinlar/Kitaplar/1.2_revizyon_19.11.2019_Temel_Yenidogan_Bakimi_Kitabi_1.pdf