<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>j health sci med / jhsm</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2636-8579</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32322/jhsm.1824199</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Nefroloji</subject>
                                                            <subject>Public Health (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Nefroloji</subject>
                                                            <subject>Halk Sağlığı (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Hipertansiyonda Hedef Organ Hasarı: Türkiye’den Klinik ve Halk Sağlığı Perspektifi</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>End-organ damage in hypertension: clinical and public health  insights from Turkiye</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-3531</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Ada</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sibel</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İSTANBUL OKMEYDANI SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-900X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Aylı</surname>
                                    <given-names>Berrak Itır</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Hacettepe Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-1149</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Biçer</surname>
                                    <given-names>Abdurrahman</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Health Sciences University Van Education and Training Hospital</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260105">
                    <day>01</day>
                    <month>05</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>221</fpage>
                                        <lpage>227</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251115">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>15</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20251231">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>31</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2018, Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Amaç: Hipertansiyon dünya genelinde 1,3 milyar yetişkini etkilemesine rağmen tanısı önemli ölçüde geciken bir halk sağlığı problemidir. Türkiye’de çeşitli hastalıklar için ulusal tarama programları bulunmasına karşın, hipertansiyon için merkezi bir tarama sistemi bulunmamaktadır. Tanı anındaki klinik özelliklerin anlaşılması, ulusal tarama politikalarının şekillendirilmesi açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma, hipertansiyonun tanı anındaki şiddetini ve hedef organ hasarı varlığını değerlendirmeyi ve semptomların veya rutin klinik değişkenlerin daha ciddi kan basıncı yüksekliğini öngörüp öngöremeyeceğini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır.Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışma, Ağustos ve Ekim 2025 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’de bir nefroloji polikliniğine başvuran 126 yeni hipertansiyon hastasını incelemiştir. Katılımcılar, tedavi başlamadan önce 7 günlük evde kan basıncı ölçümleri yapmıştır. Sosyodemografik özellikler, semptomlar, komorbiditeler, antropometrik ölçümler ve laboratuvar parametreleri kaydedilmiştir. Hipertansiyon şiddeti 2023 ESC/ESH kriterlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Kan basıncı ile klinik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizleri ve çok değişkenli regresyon modelleri ile değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Tanı anında ortalama sistolik kan basıncı 159.75±15.74 mmHg, diyastolik ise 99.01±10.57 mmHg idi. Hastaların üçte ikisi(%64.3) Evre 2–3 hipertansiyon hastasıydı. Ayrıca 58 hastada (%46) retinopati, 10 hastada mikroalbüminüri, 11 hastada sol ventrikül hipertrofisi saptanmış; 69 hastada (%54.7) HOMA-IR skorlarına göre insülin direnci tespit edilmiştir. Hastaların neredeyse tamamı (%92.8) semptom bildirmiş olup en yaygınları baş ağrısı (%88.1) ve kulak çınlamasıydı (%46.8); ancak semptom yükü ile kan basıncı düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı (p&amp;gt;0.05). Bazı biyokimyasal belirteçler kan basıncı ile zayıf düzeyde ilişkiler göstermiş olsada, çok değişkenli modellerde bu ilişkiler anlamlılığını kaybetmiştir. Ortalama BKİ 31.37±6.10 kg/m² olup laboratuvar bulguları artmış kardiyometabolik risk ile uyumludur.Sonuç: Görece genç yetişkinler, yıllar süren sessiz hedef organ hasarı gelişiminin ardından hipertansiyon tanısı almakta; orta–ciddi düzeyde kan basıncı yüksekliği, kardiyometabolik bozukluklar ve özellikle retinopati olmak üzere çeşitli hedef organ hasarı belirtileri göstermektedirler. Bu gecikmiş tanı, önlenebilir kardiyovasküler morbiditeyi, mortaliteyi, hedef organ hasarını ve sağlık sistemi maliyetlerini artırmaktadır. Görünmez zarar sürecini kırmak için sistematik, toplum temelli kan basıncı taraması acil bir gerekliliktir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Aims: Hypertension affects 1.3 billion adults globally yet remains substantially underdiagnosed. In Turkiye, national screening programs exist for several conditions, but universal hypertension screening is not implemented despite hypertension being more prevalent than diseases currently screened. Understanding presentation patterns is essential for informing screening policy. This study aimed to assess hypertension severity and end-organ damage at diagnosis and determine whether symptoms or routine clinical variables can identify patients with more severe blood pressure elevation. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 126 new hypertension patients presenting to a nephrology clinic in Turkiye between August-October 2025. Participants completed 7-day home blood pressure monitoring before treatment initiation. Sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory parameters were collected. Hypertension severity was classified using 2023 ESC/ESH criteria. Associations between blood pressure and clinical variables were examined using correlation analyses and multiple regression models.Results: At diagnosis, mean systolic blood pressure was 159.75±15.74 mmHg and diastolic was 99.01±10.57 mmHg. Over two-thirds (64.3%) presented with grade 2-3 hypertension. Furthermore, 58 patients (46%) had retinopathy, whereas 10 had microalbuminuria and 11 had left ventricular hypertrophy and 69 (54.7%) presented with insulin resistance as calculated by HOMA-IR scores. Almost all patients (92.8%) reported symptoms, most commonly headache (88.1%) and tinnitus (46.8%), yet symptom burden showed no correlation with blood pressure levels (p&amp;gt;0.05). Several biochemical markers showed weak univariable correlations with blood pressure, but none remained significant in multivariable models. Mean BMI was 31.37±6.10 kg/m², with laboratory findings suggesting increased cardiometabolic risk.Conclusion: Relatively young adults are being diagnosed with hypertension only after years of silent damage, presenting with moderate-to-severe disease and coexisting cardiometabolic abnormalities in addition to potential signs of end-organ damage; mainly retinopathy. Symptoms cannot guide detection, and clinical variables cannot identify high-risk individuals. This late diagnosis perpetuates preventable cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, end-organ damage and escalating healthcare costs. Systematic, population-based blood pressure screening is urgently needed to interrupt this trajectory of invisible harm.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  end-organ damage</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  disease screening</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  public health</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>hipertansiyon</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  hedef organ hasarı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  halk sağlığı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  tarama</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                    <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                    </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhou B, Carrillo-Larco RM, Danaei G, et al. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. The Lancet. 2021;398(10304):957-980. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">World Health Organization, hypertension fact sheet 2025.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Adediran E, Owens R, Gardner E, et al. Risk factors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension in primary care patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional study. BMC Prim Care. 2024;25:311. doi:10.1186/s1287 5-024-02511-4</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wall HK, Hannan JA, Wright JS. Patients with undiagnosed hypertension: hiding in plain sight. JAMA. 2014;312(19):1973-1974. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.15388</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yurekli AA, Bilir N, Husain MJ.  Projecting burden of hypertension and its management in Turkey, 2015-2030. PLOS ONE. 2019;4(9):e0221556.c.  doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221556</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Altun B, rici M, Nergizoğlu G, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Turkey (the PatenT study) in 2003. J Hypertens. 2005;23(10):1817-1823. doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000176789.89505.59</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sengul S, Akpolat T, Erdem Y, et al. Changes in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates in Turkey from 2003 to 2012. J Hypertens. 2016;34(6):1208-1217. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000901</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Oğuz A, Telci Çaklılı Ö, Tümerdem Çalık B. PURE Investigators. The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study: PURE Turkey. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2018;46(7):613-623. doi:10.5543/tkda.2018.32967</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye, General Directorate of Public Health.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ekinci B, Chatterjee S, Ucuncu I, et al. Blood pressure control in Turkiye: a primary healthcare pilot study. Prev Med Rep. 2024;46:102867. doi:10.1 016/j.pmedr.2024.102867</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sengul S, Erdem Y, Akpolat T, et al. Controlling hypertension in Turkey: not a hopeless dream. Kidney International Supplements. 2013;3 (4):326-331. doi:10.1038/KISUP.2013.68</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunström M, et al. ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA). J Hypertens. 2023;41(12):1874-2071. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000003480</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mancia G, Parati G. The role of blood pressure variability in end-organ damage. J Hypertens Suppl. 2003;21(6):S17-S23. doi:10.1097/00004872-2 00307006-00004</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vasan RS, Song RJ, Xanthakis V, et al. Hypertension-mediated organ damage: prevalence, correlates, and prognosis in the community. Hypertension, 2022;79(3):505-515. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA. 121.18502</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Grassi G, Seravalle G, Quarti-Trevano F, Dell&#039;Oro R, Bolla G, Mancia G. Effects of hypertension and obesity on the sympathetic activation of heart failure patients. Hypertension. 2003;42(5):873-877. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000098660.26184.63</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stanciu S, Rusu E, Miricescu D, et al. Links between metabolic syndrome and hypertension: the relationship with the current antidiabetic drugs. Metabolites. 2023;13(1):87. doi:10.3390/metabo13010087</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mennuni S, Rubattu S, Pierelli G, et al. Hypertension and kidneys: unraveling complex molecular mechanisms underlying hypertensive renal damage. J Hum Hypertens. 2014;28(2):74-79. doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.55</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lakkis JI, Weir MR. Hyperkalemia in the hypertensive patient. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2018;20(2):12. doi:10.1007/s11886-018-0954-2</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wong TY, Mitchell P. Hypertensive retinopathy. N Engl J Med. 2004;351 (22):2310-2317. doi:10.1056/NEJMra032865</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kabedi NN, Mwanza JC, Lepira FB, Kayembe TK, Kayembe DL. Hypertensive retinopathy and its association with cardiovascular, renal and cerebrovascular morbidity in Congolese patients. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2014;25(5):228-232. doi:10.5830/CVJA-2014-045</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bhargava M, Ikram MK, Wong TY. How does hypertension affect your eyes?. J Hum Hypertens. 2012;26(2):71-83. doi:10.1038/jhh.2011.37</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erden S, Bicakci E. Hypertensive retinopathy: incidence, risk factors, and comorbidities. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2012;34(6):397-401. doi:10.3109/10641963.2012.663028</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Matura LA, McDonough A, Carroll DL. Symptom prevalence, symptom severity, and health-related quality of life among young, middle, and older adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®. 2014;33(3):214-221. doi:10.1177/104990 9114554079</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jeemon P, Séverin T, Amodeo C, et al. World heart federation roadmap for hypertension - a 2021 update. Glob Heart. 2021;16(1):63. doi:10.5334/gh.1066</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Abdalla M, Muntner P, Peterson ED. The USPSTF recommendation on blood pressure screening: making 2021 the transformative year in controlling hypertension. JAMA. 2021;325(16):1618-1619. doi:10.1001/ja ma.2021.4499</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">HEARTS technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care: risk based CVD management. Geneva. World Health Organization 2020.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ministry of health of the republic of Türkiye. Project for Improvement of Blood Pressure Control in Turkey: Assessment Report 2020 Ankara.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sozmen K, Ergor G, Sakarya S, et al. Evaluation of blood pressure status and mortality in Turkey: findings from chronic diseases and risk factors cohort study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023;59(8):1366. doi:10.3390/medic ina59081366</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Khan M, Kisa A. Cost effectiveness of screening for hypertension in Turkey. Paper presented at: The Fifth International Conference on Health Care Systems 2008.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
