Radiographical examination of pulp stone distribution by cone beam computed tomography

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 472 - 476, 30.07.2024

Fatma Tunç , Emre Çulha , Muazzez Naz Baştürk

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1500635

Abstract

Aims: The present study aimed to ascertain the association between pulp stone production and tooth type, jaw, arch orientation, and dental status in a Turkish subpopulation in the southern region of Turkiye by analyzing cone beam computed tomography images.
Methods: The study included a retrospective examination of cone beam computed tomography images obtained at Gaziantep Private Dental Clinic and Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry between 2014 and 2020 for various purposes, and a recording of teeth with pulp calcification in the pulp chamber. The study did not include any teeth that had root canal therapy or porcelain crowns. Data was gathered from radiographs of people in the 19-90 age range. In all, 1676 teeth had pulp stones found in them. To compare proportions, two proportion z-tests were employed.
Results: Male individuals possessed 774 teeth with pulp stones, while female individuals possessed 902 teeth with the same condition. The prevalence of pulp stones in first and second molar teeth (1092, 65.16%) is statistically farther than central and lateral incisors (238, 4.2%), canine (207, 12.35%) and premolar (139, 8.29%). The rate of pulp calcifications is statistically higher; in intact (1065, 63.54%) teeth compared to the teeth with filling materials (443, 26.43%) and teeth with caries (173, 10.32%); in the maxilla (874, 52.15%) compared to mandible (802, 47.85%). Pulp stone occurrence was higher on the right side (888, 52.98%) than on the left side (788, 47.02) (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our results indicate that the type of tooth, the jaw in which it is situated, and its orientation all influence the incidence of pulp stones. Future researches with a sizable sample size are required to ascertain the impact of pulpal irritations on the development of pulp calcifications.

Keywords

Pulp stone, cone beam computed tomography, Turkish subpopulation

References

• Sener S, Cobankara FK, Akgünlü F. Calcifications of the pulp chamber: prevalence and implicated factors. Clin Oral Investig. 2009;13(2):209-215.
• Gulsahi A, Cebeci AI, Ozden S. A radiographic assessment of the prevalence of pulp stones in a group of Turkish dental patients. Int Endod J. 2009;42(8):735-739.
• Pashley DH, Liewehr FR. Structure and Functions of the Dentin-Pulp Complex. In: S Cohen, KM Hargreaves, eds. Pathways of the Pulp, 9th edn. St. Louis, MO, USA: Mosby Elsevier; 2006:502-504.
• Bevelander G, Johnson PL. Histogenesis and histochemistry of pulpal calcification. J Dent Res. 1956;35:714-722.
• Le May O, Kaqueler JC. Electron probe micro-analysis of human dental pulp stones. Scanning Microscopy. 1993;7:262-267.
• Wahab, M. H. A. Pulp stones and dental pain. Saudi Dent J. 1989; 1(2):65-66.
• Goga R, Chandler NP, Oginni AO. Pulp stones: a review. Int Endod J. 2008;41(6):457-468.
• Pashley DH, Walton RE, Slavkin HC. Histology and physiology of the dental pulp. In: JI Ingle, LK Bakland, eds. Endodontics, 5th edn. Hamilton, ON, Canada: BC Decker Inc; 2022:43-45.
• Pitt Ford TR, Rhodes JS, Pitt Ford HE. Endodontics Problem-Solving in Clinical Practice. London, UK: Martin Dunitz Ltd; 2002:85.
• Pitt Ford TR, Mitchell PJC. Problems in endodontic treatment. In: TR Pitt Ford, ed. Harty’s Endodontics in Clinical Practice, 5th edition. Edinburgh: Wright; 2004:241.
• Deva V, Mogoantă L, Manolea H, Pancă OA, Vătu M, Vătăman M. Radiological and microscopic aspects of the denticles. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2006;47(3):263-268.
• Moss-Salentijn L, Hendricks-Klyvert M. Calcified structures in human dental pulps. J Endod. 1989;14(4):184-189.
• Mirah MA, Bafail A, Shaheen S, et al. Assessment of pulp stones among western Saudi populations: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2023;15(9):e46056
• Sayegh FS, Reed AJ. Calcification in the dental pulp. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986;25(6):873-882.
• Horsley SH, Beckstrom B, Clark SJ, Scheetz JP, Khan Z, Far man AG. Prevalence of carotid and pulp calcifications: a corre lation using digital panoramic radiographs. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2009;4(2):169-173.
• Chien HH, Chen CS. The applications and limitations of conventional radiographic imaging techniques. Clinic Maxillary Sinus Elevation Surg. 2014:9-30.
• Patel S, Durack C, Abella F, Shemesh H, Roig M, Lemberg K. Cone beam computed tomography in endodontics-a review. Int Endod J. 2015;48(1):3-15.
• Colak H, Celebi AA, Hamidi MM, Bayraktar Y, Çolak, T, Uzgur R. Assessment of the prevalence of pulp stones in a sample of Turkish Central Anatolian population. Scientific World J. 2012;2012.
• Sezgin GP, Kaplan SS, Kaplan T. Evaluation of the relation between the pulp stones and direct restorations using cone beam computed tomography in a Turkish subpopulation. Restorative Dent Endod. 2021;46(3):e34.
• Şişman Y, Aktan AM, Tarım-Ertas E, Çiftçi ME, Şekerci AE. The prevalence of pulp stones in a Turkish population. A radiographic survey. Med Oral Patologia Oral Cirugia Bucal. 2012;17(2):e212.
• Ranjitkar S, Taylor JA, Townsend GC. A radiographic assessment of the prevalence of pulp stones in Australians. Australian Dent J. 2002;47(1):36-40.
• Al-Hadi Hamasha A, Darwazeh A. Prevalence of pulp stones in Jordanian adults. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;86(6):730-732.
• Hsieh CY, Wu YC, Su CC, et al. The prevalence and distribution of radiopaque, calcified pulp stones: A cone-beam computed tomography study in a northern Taiwanese population. J Dent Sci. 2018;13(2):138-144.
• Tamse A, Kaffe I, Littner MM, Shani R. Statistical evaluation of radiologic survey of pulp stones. J Endod. 1982;8(10):455-458.
• da Silva EJNL, Prado MC, Queiroz PM, et al. Assessing pulp stones by cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(7):2327-2333.
• Taşsöker M, Magat G, Sener S. A comparative study of cone-beam computed tomography and digital panoramic radiography for detecting pulp stones. Imag Sci Dent. 2018;48(3):201-212.
• Donta C, Kavvad ia K, Panopoulos P, Douzgou S. Generalized pulp stones: report of a case with 6 year follow-up. Int Endod J. 2011;44(10):976-982.
• Bahetwar SK, Pandey RK. An unusual case report of generalized pulp stones in young permanent dentition. Contemp Clin Dent. 2010;1(4):281-283.
• Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D, Nagarajappa AK, et al. Assessing the prevalence and association of pulp stones with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in the Saudi Arabian population-a CBCT based study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(24):9293
• Pope FM, Komorowska A, Lee KW, et al. Ehlers Danlos syndrome type I with novel dental features. J Oral Pathol Med. 1992;21(9):418-421.
• Ciftcioglu N, Ciftcioglu V, Vali H, et al. Sedimentary rocks in our mouth: dental pulp stones made by nanobacteria. Instruments Methods Missions Astrobiology. 1998;3441:130-136.