j immunol clin microbiol

Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology

2528-9470

Erkan YULA

10.58854/jicm.1831038

Microbial Taxonomy

Mikrobiyal Taksonomi

Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns in Sheki, Azerbaijan

Şeki, Azerbaycan’da İdrar Yolu Enfeksiyonları ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılığı

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9401-2257

Behbudova

Nazile

Şeki Devlet Hastanesi

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9179-3917

Kazimova

Lale

Azerbaycan tip universitesi

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6215-1061

Yanık

Keramettin

Acıbadem.Labmed İstanbul

03 14 2026

11 1 1 8 12 01 2025 02 24 2026

2016

Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology

Aim: To describe the etiologic distribution of culture-confirmed urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the Sheki region and summarize organism-specific susceptibility patterns under EUCAST interpretation. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed urine specimens processed in a single microbiology laboratory between September 2024 and April 2025. Specimens were cultured on blood agar and EMB agar and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24–48 hours. Isolates were identified using the API system, and antimicrobial susceptibility has been determined by disk diffusion per EUCAST; duplicate and contaminated submissions were excluded. Analyses were descriptive only. Results: Significant growth was found in 42 of 85 applications (49.4%) .The mostcammon causative was Echerichia coli (20/41; 47.6%)and four strains(20%)were found to be extended-spectrum beta lactamase(ESBL)-pozitive.ESBL-pozitive aminoglycoside resistance and cefosporin resistance were observed in Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella pneumaniae strains.Xinolone persistence was most common in Citrobacter spp.Aminoglycoside resistance was observed in Echerichia coli,Klebsiella spp and Raoultella spp..No antibiotic resistance was detected in Qram-positive bacteria.Conclusion: Local susceptibility data support narrow-spectrum empiric regimens for uncomplicated UTIs (notably nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin), while fluoroquinolones and broad-spectrum β-lactams should be reserved given resistance and ecological considerations. Limitations include the single-center, retrospective design, small numbers for certain taxa, and absence of adjusted analyses; larger, prospective studies are warranted.

Amaç: Şəki bölgesinde kültürle doğrulanmış idrar yolu infeksiyonlarının (İYE) etiyolojik dağılımını ve EUCAST yorumuna göre organizmaya özgü duyarlılık paternlerini tanımlamak. Yöntem: Eylül 2024–Nisan 2025 arasında tek merkezli bir mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarında işlenen idrar örnekleri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Örnekler kanlı agar ve EMB agara ekildi, 37°C’de 24–48 saat aerob inkübe edildi. İzolatlar API sistemi ile tanımlandı; antimikrobiyal duyarlılık EUCAST’a göre disk difüzyon yöntemiyle belirlendi; yinelenen ve kontamine örnekler dışlandı. Analizler yalnız betimleyicidir. Bulgular: 85 başvurunun 42’inde (%49.4) anlamlı üreme saptandı. En sık etken Escherichia coli olup (%47,6),dört suş (20%)genişlenmiş spektrumlu beta-laktamaz (ESBL)pozitiv bulunmuştur.Klebsiella pneumaniae ve Klebsiella oxytoca suşlarında ESBL pozitivliyi,aminoqlikozit direncı ve sefolosporin direncisaptanmıştır.Xinolon devamlılığı en çok Citrobakter spp.de,Aminoglikozit direnci ise Echerichia coli,Klebsiella spp ve Raoultella spp.suşlarında görülmüşdür.Qram pozitiv bakterilerde ise antibiyotik direnci saptanmamıştır.So nuç: Yerel duyarlılık verileri, komplike olmayan İYE’de dar spektrumlu ampirik rejimleri (özellikle nitrofurantoin ve fosfomisin) desteklemekte; florokinolonlar ve geniş spektrumlu β‑laktamlar direnç ve ekolojik etkiler nedeniyle seçici/ sınırlı kullanılmalıdır. Sınırlılıklar arasında tek merkezli retrospektif tasarım, bazı taksonlarda küçük örneklem ve ayarlı analizlerin olmaması yer almakta; daha büyük, prospektif çalışmalar gereklidir.

antimicrobial resistance; Escherichia coli EUCAST; nitrofurantoin

Antibiyotik Direnci Escherichia coli ESBL Klebsiella spp.

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