j. int. environmental application & science Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 1307-0428 2636-7661 Şükrü DURSUN Architecture Mimarlık Ornamental Plants Which Can Be Used in Visual Landscape Improvement in Cold Climate Regions https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-5536 Aşur Feran Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü 12 30 2019 14 4 152 159 10 07 2019 12 04 2019 Copyright © 2006, Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 2006 Journal of International Environmental Application and Science

Plants in cities; help to keep the balance ofthe ongoing interaction between the environment and the human system by itsvisual and functional effects . It is possible to develop alternativesolutions to eliminate visual pollution by evaluating the color, texture, form,size and similar properties of plant materials and the potential properties ofthe composition with other inanimate materials such as highlighter, backgroundforming, harmonizing and concealer. The number of ornamental plant species thatgrow in cold climates is less than in warm climates. Forthis reason, especially in the landscaping works of urban spaces, it isdifficult to create the desired visuality with aesthetically qualified plantsthat are suitable for the ecology of the area, without creating monotony, withcolor variety.Inthis study, the importance of plant and plant compositions in the solution ofvisual problems in urban environments in cold climatic conditions isemphasized.Thepotential of ornamental plants that can be used for this purpose in preventingvisual pollution is given. It has been shown how to use prominent features ofthese ornamental plants such as size, form, texture, and vegetation periods toimprove visual landscape in urban spaces in a long time. In addition to thedesign group disciplines that have activity on planning or application basis inthe city and its surroundings, Landscape Architecture discipline can providevisual improvement of the studies to be carried out in detail in terms ofplanting design. Inaddition to the design group disciplines that are effective on planning orapplication basis in the city and its surroundings, the studies to be carriedout in detail in terms of planting design as a discipline of LandscapeArchitecture can provide visual improvement. In addition to the design group disciplines that areeffective on planning or application basis in the city and its surroundings,the studies to be carried out in detail in terms of planting design as adiscipline of Landscape Architecture can provide visual improvement.

 residential landscape Visual improvement urban Space Alp Ş, (2007) Van Kenti ve Çevresindeki Geleneksel Konut Bahçelerinde Kullanılan Bitki Materyalinin Belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 1-6. Austin R L, (1982) Designing with Plants, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 5. Ayaşlıgil Y, (2004). Bitkilendirme Tasarımı Ders Notları, İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü, İstanbul. Birisci T, Mansuroğlu S, Soğut Z, Kalaycı Onac, A, (2017) “Evaluation Of The Effects Of Globalization On Change Of Urban Landscapes Within The Scope Of Tourism“ Iı. International Conference on Tourism Dynamics And Trends, (26-29 June 2017) Proceeding Book, Seville, Spain, pp:121-133. Booth N K, Hiss J H, (2002) Residential Landscape Architecture: Design Process for the Private Residence, Princeton Hall, New Jersey. Booth N K, (1996) Basic Elements of Landscape Architectural Design, Waveland Press, Inc. Illinois. Candemir Z S, (2009) “İklime Duyarlı Yapılaşma İçin İmar Yönetmeliği Geliştirme Modeli”, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir. Cengiz C, Cengiz B, Mutlu B.E, (2016) “Türkiye Kış Kentlerinde Dış Mekân Tasarımında Yaya Konforuna Yönelik Öneriler IWCS”, International Winter Cities Symposium 10-12 February, Erzurum, Proceeding, p:333-349, ISBN No: 978-975-442- 811-7. City of Minneapolis, (2011) A Guide To Winter City Design from The Minneapolis Plan for Sustainable Growth, http://www.minneapolismn.gov/www/groups/public/@cped/documents/ webcontent/wcms1p-087554.pdf (connection on 23 September 2019). Coleman PJ, (2009) Pedestrian Mobility in Winter. http://www.physicalactivitystrategy.ca/pdfs/BEAT/Pedestrian_ Mobility_Winter.pdf, (connection on 01 September 2019). Dirik H, Ata C, (2005) “Kent Ormancılığının Kapsamı, Yararları, Planlanması ve Teknik Esasları”, İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 55(1): 1 - 14. Erbaş E, (2003) Peyzaj Düzenlemelerinde Bitkisel Tasarım ‘Bahçeşehir Doğa Parkı Örneği’, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İ.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul. Erdönmez E, Akı A, (2005) “Açık Kamusal Kent Mekanlarının Toplum İlişkilerindeki Etkileri”, Megaron, YTÜ Mim. Fak., 1(1):67-87. Erskine R, (1986) Livable Winter Cities. A Joint Venture By The American Institute of Architects And The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, Edmonton, Alberta. Henke M, (2006) “Urban Winter: Applying Winter City Planning Principles To Improve Livability At The University of Winnipeg”, Degree of Master of City Planning, Department of City Planning, Faculty of Architecture, University of Manitoba. Kelkit A, (2002) Çanakkale kenti açık-yeşil alanlarda kullanılan bitki materyali üzerinde bir araştırma. Ekoloji 10, 17-21. Kottek M, Grieser J, Beck C, Rudolf B, & Rubel F, (2006) World map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 15(3), 259-263. Konıjnendıjk C, Sayaka S, Randrup T B, Schıpperıjn J, (2004) “Urban and Peri - urban Forestry in a Development Contex - Strategy and ımplementation”, Journal of Arboriculture, vol.30, no:5, pp. 269 – 276. Leszczynski N, (1999) Planting the Landscape-A Professional Approach to Garden Design, John Wiley&Sons, Inc., New York. Olgyay, O, (1962) “Design With Climate”, Princeton. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Pressman N, (2016) Winter Design Guidelines. p. 97, https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PDF/WinterCityDesignGuidelines_draft.pdf Robinson N, (2004) The Planting Design Handbook, Ashgate Publishing Company, Hampshire, England. Scarfone S, (2007) Professional planting design, Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons. Tandoğan O, Şişman E E, (2018) Yaşanabilir Kış Kentleri İçin Kamusal Açık Mekan Tasarımı ve Bitkisel Tasarım. Megaron, 13(2). Urban Systems, (2000) Winter City Design Guidelines, Fort St. John, The Energetic City. https://urbansystems.ca/category/about-us/ Yazici K, Gülgün Aslan B, (2017) Açık-Yeşil Alanlarda Dış Mekân Süs Bitkilerinin Önemi ve Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi Tokat Kenti Örneği. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 54(3), 275-284. Yazici K, Kalaycı Önaç A, Gülgün Aslan B, (2018) Süs Bitkilerinin Kampüs Alanlarında İşlevsel Kullanımı Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi örneği. Uluslararası Marmara Fen Ve Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi 2018, 1404-1415. Yildizci A C, (1988) Bitkisel Tasarım, İ.T.Ü. Mimarlık Fakültesi, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü, Atlas Ofset, İstanbul. Yildizci AC, (1986) Kentsel Yeşil Alanlar, Yüksek Lisans Ders Notları, İstanbul. Url 1: https://www.landscapingnetwork.com/hillsides/erosion-control.html (connection on 15 July 2019). Url 2: http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/present.htm (connection on 10 June 2019). Url 3: https://mapio.net/pic/p-9992638/, https://traveltriangle.com/blog/snowfall (connection on 15 July 2019)