The Biodegradation Processes of Oil Leakage

Abstract

All the bioremediation processes have become the main method utilized in restoration of oil‐polluted environments that make use of natural microbial bio degradative activities. The generalization of Bioremediation for petroleum pollutants overcomes the factors limiting rates of microbial hydrocarbon biodegradation. Regularly this includes utilizing the enzymatic capacities of the indigenous hydrocarbon‐degrading microbial populaces and adjusting natural components, specific convergences of molecular oxygen, fixed forms of nitrogen, and phosphate to achieve enhanced rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation. Biodegradation of sleek slop and bioremediation of oil‐contaminated locales has been accomplished by oxygen option e.g., by working soils inland cultivating and by including hydrogen peroxide or directing oxygen into oiled aquifers alongside the expansion of nitrogen‐ and phosphorus-containing composts. The achievement of seeding oil slicks with microbial arrangements is questionable. Fruitful bioremediation of a noteworthy marine oil slick has been accomplished in view of the expansion of nitrogen and phosphorus composts. In-situ bioremediation processes of crude oil Leakage and spills rely on either the indigenous microbes at the polluted site, whose degradative abilities are accelerated by adding such agents as fertilizers or dispersants, or on introducing pollutant-degrading microbes into the site (possibly accompanied by stimulatory chemicals). The bioremediation technique to be utilized at a particular site must be chosen to be reasonable for that site and its natural conditions. The essential parts of bioremediation are laid out and the foundation data expected to comprehend the synthetic and organic confinements of the method are displayed. In particular, the microbial group, the raw petroleum substrate synthesis, and natural restricting components are talked about. Summed up cases of bioremediation applications are delineated.

Keywords

• Bioremediation,Petroleum pollution,oil Leakage,Water contamination

References

1. Kvenvolden KA, Cooper CK, (2003) Natural seepage of crude oil into the marine environment. Geo-Marine Letters, 23, 140–146.
2. Medina-Bellver J. I, Marín P, Delgado A, Rodríguez-Sánchez A, Reyes E, Ramos J. L, Marqués S, (2005) Evidence for in situ crude oil biodegradation after the Prestige oil spill. Environm. Microbi., 7, 773–779.
3. April TM, Foght JM, Currah RS, (2000) Hydrocarbon-degrading filamentous fungi isolated from flare pit soils in northern and western Canada. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 46, no. 1, 38–49.
4. Venosa AD, King W, Sorial GA, (2002) The baffled flask test for dispersant effectiveness: a round Robin evaluation of reproducibility and repeatability. Spill Sci. & Tech. Bulletin, 7, 299–308.
5. Amund OO, Nwokoye N, (1993) Hydrocarbon potentials of yeast isolates from a polluted Lagoon. J. Scie. Res. & Devel., 1, 65–68.
6. Adebusoye SA, Ilori MO, Amund OO, Teniola OD, Olatope SO, (2007) Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a polluted tropical stream. World J. Micro. & Biotech.., 23, 1149–1159.
7. Rahman KSM, Rahman TJ, Kourkoutas YI, Marchant R, Banat IM, Enhanced bioremediation of n-alkane in petroleum sludge using bacterial consortium amended with rhamnolipid and micronutrients. Bioresource Technology., 2,159–168.
8. Brooijmans RJW, Pastink MI, Siezen RJ, (2009) Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria: the oil-spill clean-up crew. Microbial Biotechnology, 6,587–594. Yakimov M. M, Timmis K. N, Golyshin P. N, (2007) Obligate oil-degrading marine bacteria, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 18, 257–266.

9. Das K, Mukherjee A. K, (2007) Crude petroleum-oil biodegradation efficiency of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from a petroleum-oil contaminated soil from North-East India, Bioresource Technology,98, 1339–1345.
10. Throne-Holst M, Wentzel A, Ellingsen TE, Kotlar H-K, Zotchev SB, (2007) Identification of novel genes involved in long-chain n-alkane degradation by Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM 17874, Applied and Environmental Microbiology,10,3327–3332.
11. Chaillan F, Le Flèche A, Bury E, Phantavong Y-H, Grimont P, Saliot A, Oudot J, (2004) Identification and biodegradation potential of tropical aerobic hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, Research in Microbiology, 7,587–595.
12. Daugulis AJ, d McCracken CM, (2003) Microbial degradation of high and low molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor by two strains of Sphingomonas sp, Biotechnology Letters,17,1441–1444.
13. Singh H, (2006) Mycoremediation: Fungal Bioremediation, Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, USA. Bogusławska-Was E, Dąbrowski W, (2001) The seasonal variability of yeasts and yeast-like organisms in water and bottom sediment of the Szczecin Lagoon, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 203, 451–458.
14. McDonald I. R, Miguez C. B, Rogge G, Bourque D, K. Wendlandt D, Groleau D, Murrell J, (2006) Diversity of soluble methane monooxygenase-containing methanotrophs isolated from polluted environments, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 255, 225–232.
15. Jan B, Beilen V, Neuenschwunder M, Suits T. H. M, Roth C, Balada S. B, Witholt B, (2003) Rubredoxins involved in alkane degradation, The Journal of Bacteriology, 184,1722–1732.
16. Mahmound A, Aziza Y, Abdeltif A, Rachida M, (2008) Biosurfactant production by Bacillus strain injected in the petroleum reservoirs, Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 35,1303–1306.
17. Youssef N, Simpson DR, Duncan KE, McInerney MJ, Folmsbee M, Fincher T, Knapp RM, (2007) In situ biosurfactant production by Bacillus strains injected into a limestone petroleum reservoir, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73,1239–1247.
18. Ilori MO, Amobi CJ, Odocha A. C, (2005) Factors affecting bio surfactant production by oil degrading Aeromonas spp. isolated from a tropical environment, Chemosphere, 61, 985–992.
19. Tabatabaee A, Assadi MM, Noohi AA, Sajadian VA, (2005) Isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria from oil reservoirs, Iranian J. Environ. Health Sci. & Engi., 2, 6–12.
20. Venosa AD, Zhu X, (2003) Biodegradation of crude oil contaminating marine shorelines and freshwater wetlands, Spill Sci. & Tech. Bull., 8,163–178.
21. Pelletier E, Delille D, Delille B, (2004) Crude oil bioremediation in sub-Antarctic intertidal sediments: chemistry and toxicity of oiled residues, Marine Environmental Research, 57, 311–327.
22. Delille D, Coulon F, Pelletier E, (2004) Effects of temperature warming during a bioremediation study of natural and nutrient-amended hydrocarbon-contaminated sub-Antarctic soils, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 40, 61–70.
23. Walker J. D, Colwell R. R, Vaituzis Z, Meyer S. A, (1975) Petroleum degrading achlorophyllous alga Prototheca zopfi, Nature, 254, no. 423–424.
24. Choi S-C, Kwon KK, Sohn JH, Kim S-J, (2002) Evaluation of fertilizer additions to stimulate oil biodegradation in sand seashore mesocosms, Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 12, 3, 431–436.
25. Kim S-J, Choi DH, Sim DS, Oh Y-S, (2005) Evaluation of bioremediation effectiveness on crude oil-contaminated sand, Chemosphere, 59, 845–852.
26. Chaillan F, Chaîneau CH, Point V, Saliot A, Oudot J, (2006) Factors inhibiting bioremediation of soil contaminated with weathered oils and drill cuttings, Environmental Pollution, 144, 255–265.
27. Oudot J, Merlin FX, Pinvidic P, (1998) Weathering rates of oil components in a bioremediation experiment in estuarine sediments, Marine Environmental Research, 45, 113–125.
28. Chaîneau CH, Rougeux G, Yéprémian C, Oudot J, (2005) Effects of nutrient concentration on the biodegradation of crude oil and associated microbial populations in the soil, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37,1490–1497.
29. Carmichael LM, Pfaender F. K, (1997) The effect of inorganic and organic supplements on the microbial degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils, Biodegradation, 8, 1–13, 1.