Indoor and Outdoor Pollution with Heavy Metals in Al-Karak City, Jordan

Abstract

The concentration of eight potentially toxic heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Ti, Mn, Pb and As) were investigated in indoor and surrounding outdoor dust samples collected from residential and commercial sites in Al-Karak city, Jordan. It was found that at residential areas, the mean concentration of Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Ti, Mn, Pb and As were 72.5, 90.5, 20.8, 37.9, 291.3, 238.8, 51.9 and 2.06 mg/kg, respectively. While, their mean concentrations for outdoor dust were at the 51.7, 57.4, 10.0, 41.0, 351.2, 227.0, 52.7 and 2.7 mg/kg for the same elements, respectively. For the commercial areas, their mean concentrations were 58.5, 122.3, 15.0, 28.6, 195.7, 243.2, 110.4 and 2.4 mg/kg, respectively. Whereas, their mean concentrations for the outdoor dust samples were 57.3, 93.4, 29.3, 27.3, 86.0, 259.4, 75.8 and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively.  Furthermore, the relationship between outdoor and indoor dusts was considered and it was clear that the main source of V, Ti, Mn, Pb and As are vehicular emission with the exception of Ni, Cr and Cu which was found at a higher concentration in the indoor dust samples than the outdoor dust samples. The results of this study reveal that heavy metals distribution is different in two investigated areas of the city as it was higher in the commercial area compared to residential area due to higher traffic density. The result indicated that soil or street dust play an important role in the concentration build up in indoor and outdoor dust which originated most probably from automobile emissions.

Keywords

• Indoor dust,outdoor dust,Heavy metals,Al-Karak,ICP-MS

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