Human Health Risk Assessment of Trihalomethane through Multi-Pathway Exposure from Drinking Water of Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract

The toxicological risks and lifetime cancer risks of trihalomethanes through oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation exposure from tap water in selected regions in Baghdad are estimated. The USEPA risk assessment model approach as the hazard quotients (HQ) of CF, BDCM and DBCM in the investigated distribution networks is exceeded the WHO guideline value for several sites but the HQ of BF was within the WHO guideline value for all sites. The multi-pathway evaluations of lifetime cancer risks by 4 THMs (CF, BDCM, DBCM and BF) via three exposure routes (oral, dermal and inhalation) was 1.06×10-4, 0.87×10-4, 1.10×10-4 and 1.50×10-4 respectively, which exceeded the USEPA range of concern limit of 1.0×10-6. However, the DBCM was the higher cancer risk compare with the other THMs, and BF was the lower cancer risk.

Keywords

• Water,Baghdad,Multipathway,Risk assessment,Trihalomethanes

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