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Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 99 - 105, 30.09.2021

Abstract

References

  • 1. Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A (February 2010). "Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies". Allergy. 65 (2): 152–67.
  • 2. Brehler R, Kütting B (2001). "Natural rubber latex allergy: a problem of interdisciplinary concern in medicine". Arch. Intern. Med. 161 (8): 1057–64.
  • 3. Cox L, Williams B, Sicherer S, Oppenheimer J, Sher L, Hamilton R, Golden D (2008). "Pearls and pitfalls of allergy diagnostic testing: report from the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Specific IgE Test Task Force". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 101 (6): 580–92.
  • 4. Griffiths B, Ducharme FM (August 2013). "Combined inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting beta2-agonists for initial treatment of acute asthma in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (8): CD000060
  • 5. Holgate ST (1998). "Asthma and allergy—disorders of civilization?". QJM 91 (3): 171–84.
  • 6. Janeway CA Jr, Travers P, Walport M, et al.New York: Garland Science, 2001. Allergy and Hypersensitivity Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease: 555-598)
  • 7. Kay AB (2000). "Overview of 'allergy and allergic diseases: with a view to the future'". Br. Med. Bull. 56 (4): 843–64.
  • 8. Lika M. (2015): Hypersensitivity Reactions mediated by anticorpe. Cellular and molecular Immunology: 237-244
  • 9. Kirkland SW, Vandenberghe C, Voaklander B, Nikel T, Campbell S, Rowe BH (January 2017). "Combined inhaled beta-agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1: CD001284.
  • 10. Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon, eds. (2010). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (8th ed.). Saunders. p. 688. ISBN 978-1-4160-3121-5.
  • 11. Lemanske, Robert F.; Busse, William W. (2010). "Asthma: Clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 125 (2): S95–S102.
  • 12. Manniche L. (1999). Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt. Cornell University Press. pp. 49. ISBN 978-0-8014-3720-5.
  • 13. Martinez FD (January 2007). "Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal". The European Respiratory Journal. 29 (1): 179–84.
  • 14. Murray, John F. (2010). "Ch. 38 Asthma". In Mason, Robert J.; Murray, John F.; Broaddus, V. Courtney; Nadel, Jay A.; Martin, Thomas R.; King, Jr., Talmadge E.; Schraufnagel, Dean E. (eds.). Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine (5th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-4710-0.
  • 15. Parsons JP, Hallstrand TS, Mastronarde JG, Kaminsky DA, Rundell KW, Hull JH, et al. (May 2013). "An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: exercise-induced bronchoconstriction". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 187 (9): 1016–27.
  • 16. Rusznak C, Davies RJ; Davies (1998). "ABC of allergies. Diagnosing allergy". BMJ 316 (7132): 686–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7132.686.
  • 17. Scott JP, Peters-Golden M (September 2013). "Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 188(5): 538–44.
  • 18. Teoh L, Cates CJ, Hurwitz M, Acworth JP, van Asperen P, Chang AB (April 2012). "Anticholinergic therapy for acute asthma in children" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD003797.
  • 19. Thomas P. Habif (2009). Clinical Dermatology. Elsevier Health Sciences. 14-19.
  • 20. Vézina K, Chauhan BF, Ducharme FM (July 2014). "Inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting beta(2)-agonists versus short-acting beta2-agonists alone for children with acute asthma in hospital". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7): CD010283.
  • 21. Yawn BP (September 2008). "Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients" (PDF). Primary Care Respiratory Journal. 17 (3): 138–47.

EVALUATION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA CAUSED BY POLLEN IN A GROUP POPULATION OF TIRANA

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 99 - 105, 30.09.2021

Abstract

An allergic response occurs when immune system proteins (antibodies) mistakenly identify a harmless substance, such as tree pollen, as an invader. In an attempt to protect your body from the substance, antibodies bind to the allergen. The chemicals released by your immune system led to allergy signs and symptoms, such as nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy eyes or skin reactions. For some people, this same reaction also affects the lungs and airways, leading to asthma symptoms. The study of allergic asthma by immunological methods, and the determination of pollen as allergens is important in determining the diagnosis and avoiding, or treating, asthma. These allergens contact our body through the skin, airways and food. Pollen enters the lungs through the air and comes in contact with the mucous membranes of the nose, throat and bronchi. It has been noticed that the presence of allergens such as pollen in our country is very high, especially in Tirana. In the city of Tirana, there has been an increase in people with respiratory and food allergies, being very polluted by increased traffic, by malnutrition with fast and canned food, etc. Pollen determination methods have been applied in the city of Tirana. Individuals underwent the Alleisascreen test. It has been observed that in general the age group up to 10 years is always the most affected to any type of allergy. This test is very sensitive and determines the presence of pollen as an allergen, with a single test with a very high degree of sensitivity and the presence of the allergen. The group of individuals taken in the analysis were 100 of which 34 came out negative from the Alleisascreen test and 66 positive’s cases. What is of interest in this study is that most of the population has a lack of information about allergies and pass it on as something normal. For the first time, pollen as a larynx and its connection with allergic asthma has been studied in the city of Tirana. Through bio-statistical analyses we have seen the association of allergic asthma in relation to their age group, gender and place of residence.

References

  • 1. Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A (February 2010). "Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies". Allergy. 65 (2): 152–67.
  • 2. Brehler R, Kütting B (2001). "Natural rubber latex allergy: a problem of interdisciplinary concern in medicine". Arch. Intern. Med. 161 (8): 1057–64.
  • 3. Cox L, Williams B, Sicherer S, Oppenheimer J, Sher L, Hamilton R, Golden D (2008). "Pearls and pitfalls of allergy diagnostic testing: report from the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Specific IgE Test Task Force". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 101 (6): 580–92.
  • 4. Griffiths B, Ducharme FM (August 2013). "Combined inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting beta2-agonists for initial treatment of acute asthma in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (8): CD000060
  • 5. Holgate ST (1998). "Asthma and allergy—disorders of civilization?". QJM 91 (3): 171–84.
  • 6. Janeway CA Jr, Travers P, Walport M, et al.New York: Garland Science, 2001. Allergy and Hypersensitivity Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease: 555-598)
  • 7. Kay AB (2000). "Overview of 'allergy and allergic diseases: with a view to the future'". Br. Med. Bull. 56 (4): 843–64.
  • 8. Lika M. (2015): Hypersensitivity Reactions mediated by anticorpe. Cellular and molecular Immunology: 237-244
  • 9. Kirkland SW, Vandenberghe C, Voaklander B, Nikel T, Campbell S, Rowe BH (January 2017). "Combined inhaled beta-agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1: CD001284.
  • 10. Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon, eds. (2010). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (8th ed.). Saunders. p. 688. ISBN 978-1-4160-3121-5.
  • 11. Lemanske, Robert F.; Busse, William W. (2010). "Asthma: Clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 125 (2): S95–S102.
  • 12. Manniche L. (1999). Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt. Cornell University Press. pp. 49. ISBN 978-0-8014-3720-5.
  • 13. Martinez FD (January 2007). "Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal". The European Respiratory Journal. 29 (1): 179–84.
  • 14. Murray, John F. (2010). "Ch. 38 Asthma". In Mason, Robert J.; Murray, John F.; Broaddus, V. Courtney; Nadel, Jay A.; Martin, Thomas R.; King, Jr., Talmadge E.; Schraufnagel, Dean E. (eds.). Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine (5th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-4710-0.
  • 15. Parsons JP, Hallstrand TS, Mastronarde JG, Kaminsky DA, Rundell KW, Hull JH, et al. (May 2013). "An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: exercise-induced bronchoconstriction". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 187 (9): 1016–27.
  • 16. Rusznak C, Davies RJ; Davies (1998). "ABC of allergies. Diagnosing allergy". BMJ 316 (7132): 686–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7132.686.
  • 17. Scott JP, Peters-Golden M (September 2013). "Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 188(5): 538–44.
  • 18. Teoh L, Cates CJ, Hurwitz M, Acworth JP, van Asperen P, Chang AB (April 2012). "Anticholinergic therapy for acute asthma in children" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD003797.
  • 19. Thomas P. Habif (2009). Clinical Dermatology. Elsevier Health Sciences. 14-19.
  • 20. Vézina K, Chauhan BF, Ducharme FM (July 2014). "Inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting beta(2)-agonists versus short-acting beta2-agonists alone for children with acute asthma in hospital". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7): CD010283.
  • 21. Yawn BP (September 2008). "Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients" (PDF). Primary Care Respiratory Journal. 17 (3): 138–47.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fjoralda Bakiri

Merita Xhetani

Mirela Lika

Publication Date September 30, 2021
Acceptance Date September 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 16 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bakiri, F., Xhetani, M., & Lika, M. (2021). EVALUATION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA CAUSED BY POLLEN IN A GROUP POPULATION OF TIRANA. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, 16(3), 99-105.
AMA Bakiri F, Xhetani M, Lika M. EVALUATION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA CAUSED BY POLLEN IN A GROUP POPULATION OF TIRANA. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science. September 2021;16(3):99-105.
Chicago Bakiri, Fjoralda, Merita Xhetani, and Mirela Lika. “EVALUATION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA CAUSED BY POLLEN IN A GROUP POPULATION OF TIRANA”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 16, no. 3 (September 2021): 99-105.
EndNote Bakiri F, Xhetani M, Lika M (September 1, 2021) EVALUATION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA CAUSED BY POLLEN IN A GROUP POPULATION OF TIRANA. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 16 3 99–105.
IEEE F. Bakiri, M. Xhetani, and M. Lika, “EVALUATION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA CAUSED BY POLLEN IN A GROUP POPULATION OF TIRANA”, J. Int. Environmental Application & Science, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 99–105, 2021.
ISNAD Bakiri, Fjoralda et al. “EVALUATION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA CAUSED BY POLLEN IN A GROUP POPULATION OF TIRANA”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 16/3 (September 2021), 99-105.
JAMA Bakiri F, Xhetani M, Lika M. EVALUATION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA CAUSED BY POLLEN IN A GROUP POPULATION OF TIRANA. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science. 2021;16:99–105.
MLA Bakiri, Fjoralda et al. “EVALUATION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA CAUSED BY POLLEN IN A GROUP POPULATION OF TIRANA”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, vol. 16, no. 3, 2021, pp. 99-105.
Vancouver Bakiri F, Xhetani M, Lika M. EVALUATION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA CAUSED BY POLLEN IN A GROUP POPULATION OF TIRANA. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science. 2021;16(3):99-105.

“Journal of International Environmental Application and Science”