<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Journal of International Management Educational and Economics Perspectives</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2602-330X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ahmet Güven</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Business Administration</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>İşletme </subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <article-title>Reflection of The Cryptocurrencies in The Financial Statements</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9299-5169</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Büyükkurt</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ömer Faruk</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ERZİNCAN BİNALİ YILDIRIM ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20210616">
                    <day>06</day>
                    <month>16</month>
                    <year>2021</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>49</fpage>
                                        <lpage>63</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20210322">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20210616">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>16</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013, Journal of International Management Educational and Economics Perspectives</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of International Management Educational and Economics Perspectives</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>This study critically investigates the relevant opinions on how cryptocurrencies should be reflected in the financial statements, together with the challenges that stem from the existing international financial reporting standards that are not fully eligible to be implemented for cryptocurrencies. But before that, the blockchain system, the working mechanism of cryptocurrency transactions and a short history of the cryptocurrency phenomenon are given. Following them, the issue of the reflection of cryptocurrencies on the financial statements is addressed under the light of relevant reporting standards and the opinions of the prominent firms from the finance sector. It is found that the attempts for the implementation of the existing financial reporting standards for the recognition of cryptocurrencies on the financial statements would be not only deficient but also problematic. Thus, it is suggested that an individual, comprehensive and detailed financial reporting standard must be published specifically for cryptocurrencies.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Cryptocurrencies</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Financial Reporting</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Accounting Standards</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">ACCA - Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (n.d.). Accounting for cryptocurrencies, [Available at]: https://www.accaglobal.com/pk/en/student/exam-support-resources/professional-exams-study-resources/strategic-business-reporting/technical-articles/cryptocurrencies.html</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">AICPA  - American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (2019). Accounting For And Auditing Of Digital Assets, [Available at]:
https://www.aicpa.org/content/dam/aicpa/interestareas/informationtechnology/downloadabledocuments/accounting-for-and-auditing-of-digital-assets.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akkaynak, B. (2020). E-Finansal Ürün ve Hizmetler. Özdemir, M. (Ed.), Muhasebe Finans Perspektifinde E-Dönüşüm Süreci (73-95). Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">BBC, (2020). Bitcoin: $1bn seized from Silk Road account by US government, [Available at]:  https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54833130</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">BBC, (2021). Elon Musk&#039;s Tesla buys $1.5bn of Bitcoin causing currency to spike, [Available at]: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-55939972</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">BBC, (2020). PayPal allows Bitcoin and crypto spending, [Available at]: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54630283</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bensinger, G., (2015). First U.S. Bitcoin Exchange Set to Open Coinbase Has Backing From the NYSE, Banks and Venture Capitalists., The Wall Street Journal Post, [Available at]: https://www.wsj.com/articles/first-u-s-bitcoin-exchange-set-to-open-1422221641</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bitcoin SV, (2018). History of Bitcoin, [Available at]: https://bitcoinsv.com/en/learn/history-of-bitcoin</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cambridge Dictionary, (2021). Cryptocurrency , Cambridge University Press, [Available at]: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cryptocurrency</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">CBCI - Cambridge University Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index (2021). Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index, [Available at]:  https://cbeci.org/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">CoinMarket, (n.d.).[Available at]: https://coinmarketcap.com/   [Access Date: 19th of March 2021]</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cole R., Stevenson, M. &amp; Aitken, J. (2019). Blockchain technology: Implications for Operations and Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Management, 24, 469-483.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Criddle, C. (2021). Bitcoin consumes &#039;more electricity than Argentina&#039;, BBC, [Available at]: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56012952</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ethereum, (2014). History of Etherium, [Available at]: https://ethereum.org/en/history/#ether-sale</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">EY – Ernst  and Young, (2019). Holdings of cryptocurrencies, [Available at]: 
 https://assets.ey.com/content/dam/ey-sites/ey-com/en_gl/topics/ifrs/ey-devel150-cryptocurrency-holdings-august-2019.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Frankenfield, J. &amp; Sonnenshein, M. (2021). Cryptocurrency: What is Cryptocurrency?, Investopedia, [Available at]: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cryptocurrency.asp</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Goutte, S., Guesmi, K., &amp; Saadi, S. (Eds.). (2019). Cryptofinance and Mechanisms of Exchange. Contributions to Management Science. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30738-7</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Grantthorton, (2018). IFRS Viewpoint Accounting for Cryptocurrencies – The Basics, [Available at] https://www.grantthornton.global/globalassets/1.-member-firms/global/insights/article-pdfs/ifrs/ifrs-viewpoint-9---accounting-for-cryptocurrencies--the-basics.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IBM – International Business Machines, (n.d.). What is blockchain technology? [Available at]: https://www.ibm.com/blockchain/what-is-blockchain</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IRS – Internal Revenue Service, (2014). Notice 2014-21 - Internal Revenue Service, [Available at]: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-14-21.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards (2001). IAS 2 Inventories, [Available at]: http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/bnstandards/en/IAS2.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards (1992). IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows, [Available at]: https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/list-of-standards/ias-7-statement-of-cash-flows/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards (2014). IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, [Available at]: http://old.efrag.org/files/EFRAG%20public%20letters/Revenue%20Recognition/IFRS_15.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards (1992). IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, [Available at]: https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/list-of-standards/ias-21-the-effects-of-changes-in-foreign-exchange-rates/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards (2004). IAS 38 Intangible Assets, [Available at]: http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/bnstandards/en/IAS38.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards, (2018). Conceptual Framework,  [Available at]: https://www.ifrs.org/-/media/project/conceptual-framework/fact-sheet-project-summary-and-feedback-statement/conceptual-framework-project-summary.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards (2019). Holding of Cryptocurrencies, [Available at]: 
https://cdn.ifrs.org/-/media/feature/meetings/2019/june/ifric/ap12-holdings-of-cryptocurrencies.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">KPMG, (2019). Cryptoassets – Accounting and Tax: What’s the Impact on your Financial Statements? [Available at]:  https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2019/04/cryptoassets-accounting-tax.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lam. E., (2021). Bitcoin Hits $1 Trillion Value as Crypto Leads Other Assets, Bloomberg, [Available at]: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-19/bitcoin-nears-1-trillion-value-as-crypto-jump-tops-other-assets</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lee, J., Nakamura, Y. &amp; Robertson, B. (2018). How a Billionaire Crypto King Built the No. 1 Exchange in Just 8 Months, Bloomberg, [Available at]: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-28/crypto-s-billionaire-trading-king-has-suddenly-run-into-problems</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">LOC - Library of Congress, (2020). Regulation of Cryptocurrency: Japan, [Available at]:  https://www.loc.gov/law/help/cryptocurrency/japan.php</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">LOC - Library of Congress, (2020). Regulation of Cryptocurrency: China, [Available at]:  https://www.loc.gov/law/help/cryptocurrency/china.php</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Litecoin, (2020). About Litecoin, [Available at]: https://litecoin.com/en/about</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Marr, B., (2018). Blockchain: A Very Short History Of Ethereum Everyone Should Read., Forbes, [Available at]: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/02/02/blockchain-a-very-short-history-of-ethereum-everyone-should-read/?sh=1f24336b1e89</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Monero, (2014). About Monero, [Available at]: https://www.getmonero.org/resources/about/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nakamoto, S., (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, Bitcoin, [Available at]: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nofer, M., Gomber, P., Hinz, O., &amp; Schiereck, D. (2017). Blockchain. Business &amp; Information Systems Engineering, 59(3), 183–187. doi:10.1007/s12599-017-0467-3</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, (2021). Cryptocurrency , Oxford University Press, [Available at]: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/cryptocurrency</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Open University, (n.d.). Researching The Potential of Blockchains, [Available at]: https://blockchain.open.ac.uk/about/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ostroff, C. &amp; Elliott, R. (2021). Tesla Buys $1.5 Billion in Bitcoin, The Wall Street Journal, [Available at]: https://www.wsj.com/articles/tesla-buys-1-5-billion-in-bitcoin-11612791688</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özdemir, M. (2020). Kripto Paraların Muhasebesi Üzerine Öneriler. Özdemir, M. (Ed.), Muhasebe Finans Perspektifinde E-Dönüşüm Süreci (125-141). Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Peterson, A., (2014). Hal Finney received the first Bitcoin transaction. Here’s how he describes it., The Washington Post, [Available at]:https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/01/03/hal-finney-received-the-first-bitcoin-transaction-heres-how-he-describes-it/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">PWC – Price Waterhouse Coopers, (2019). In depth: A look at current financial reporting issues, [Available at]:https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/audit-services/ifrs/publications/ifrs-16/cryptographic-assets-related-transactions-accounting-considerations-ifrs-pwc-in-depth.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">PWC – Price Waterhouse Coopers, (2018). Point of View: Cryptocurrencies
Time to Consider Plan ₿, [Available at]: https://www.pwc.com/us/en/cfodirect/assets/pdf/point-of-view/cryptocurrency-bitcoin-accounting.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Raza, A., (2020). Bitcoin Cash Price Prediction 2021 and Beyond: Where is the BCH Price Going From Here?, Capital.com, [Available at]: https://capital.com/bch-bitcoin-cash-price-prediction-2021</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Reuters, (2018). Factbox: Ten years of bitcoin, [Available at]:  https://www.reuters.com/article/us-crypto-currencies-bitcoin-factbox-idUSKCN1N50GE</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Russo, C. (2018). Twitter Joins Facebook, Google in Banning Crypto Coin Sale Ads, Bloomberg, [Available at]: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-26/twitter-joins-facebook-google-in-banning-crypto-coin-sale-ads</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Seibold, S. &amp; Samman, G. (2016). Consensus: Immutable Agreement for the Internet of Value, KPMG LLP. [Available at]: https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/06/kpmg-blockchain-consensus-mechanism.pdf?aid=fndrabg_p?aid=fndrabg_p</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tesla Incorporation. (2020). 2020 10-K form. [Available at]: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318605/000156459021004599/tsla-10k_20201231.htm</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tether, (2014). About Tether, [Available at]: https://tether.to/faqs/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vigna, P. &amp; Ostroff, C. (2021). Bitcoin Trades Above $50,000 for First Time, [Available at]: https://www.wsj.com/articles/bitcoin-trades-above-50-000-for-first-time-11613479752</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wenhao, S. (2018). Cryptocurrency laws and regulations in China, [Available at]:   https://law.asia/cryptocurrency-law-china/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">XRP Ledger, (2020). Build a Better Bitcoin - In 2011, three engineers—David Schwartz, Jed McCaleb and Arthur Britto—began developing the XRP Ledger., [Available at]: https://xrpl.org/history.html</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
