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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>journal of international relations studies</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2791-724X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ataturk University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.62425/jirs.1574381</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>African Studies</subject>
                                                            <subject>Regional Studies</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Afrika Çalışmaları</subject>
                                                            <subject>Bölgesel Çalışmalar</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>THE ROLE OF ENGLAND IN 19th CENTURY COLONIAL ACTIVITIES: THE CASE OF THE CONTINENT OF AFRICA</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>19. Yüzyıl Sömürgecilik Faaliyetlerinde İngiltere&#039;nin Rolü: Afrika Kıtası Örneği</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2890-2415</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Daban</surname>
                                    <given-names>Cihan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20241230">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>4</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>92</fpage>
                                        <lpage>107</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20241026">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>26</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20241225">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2021, The Journal of International Relations Studies</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>The Journal of International Relations Studies</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study focuses on the colonial activities on the African continent, which have become one of the main problems occupying the agenda of global politics. It analyses how and by which actors colonialism, the birth of which dates back to before Christ but whose impact continues to this day, has spread on the African continent. There are many studies on African colonialism. This study focuses more on the colonial activities and policies that Britain pursued and implemented in Africa. Although the focus is on the 19th century, the historical background of this century is also touched upon. This study, which also looks at the explorers who played an important role in 19th-century British expansionism, conveys how Britain became involved in Africa and became an effective power through concessionary companies and a system of controlled indirect administration.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, küresel siyasetin gündemini işgal eden ve temel sorunlardan biri haline gelen Afrika kıtasındaki sömürgecilik faaliyetlerini konu almaktadır. Doğuşu milattan öncesine dayanan; ancak etkisi bugünlere kadar devam eden sömürgeciliğin hangi aktörler tarafından nasıl ve ne şekilde Afrika kıtasında yayıldığını irdelemektedir. Afrika sömürgeciliği üzerine yazılmış çok sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Bu çalışma daha çok İngiltere’nin Afrika’da izlediği ve uyguladığı sömürgecilik faaliyetlerine ve siyasetine odaklanmaktadır. Her ne kadar 19. yüzyıla odaklanılsa da bu yüzyılın tarihsel arka planına da değinilmektedir. Aynı zamanda 19. yüzyıl İngiliz yayılmacılığında önemli rol oynayan kaşifleri de inceleyen bu çalışma, İngiltere&#039;nin imtiyazlı şirketler ve denetimli-dolaylı yönetim sistemi aracılığıyla Afrika&#039;ya nasıl dahil olduğunu ve etkin bir güç haline geldiğini aktarmaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Sömürgecilik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İngiltere</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Afrika</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İmtiyazlı Şirketler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Denetimli-Dolaylı Yönetim Sistemi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Colonialism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  England</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Africa</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Privatized Companies</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Controlled-Indirect Management System</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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