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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>j. inst. sci. and tech.</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2536-4618</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Igdir University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21597/jist.1166340</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Food Engineering</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Gıda Mühendisliği</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <article-title>Impact of Microwave-Starch-Blanching on the Drying Kinetics, Transport and Thermophysical Properties of Green Almond</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9558-4077</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kıan-pour</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nasim</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230301">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>13</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>305</fpage>
                                        <lpage>316</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220824">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20221118">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>18</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011, Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of different pretreatment blanching methods on the drying characteristics of green almonds. Microwave blanching at 300, 450, and 600 W power in the water and/or starch solution (0.5% w/w), water blanching (95℃, 5 min), and starch blanching (0.5% w/w) were preferred. Non-blanched samples were considered as the control samples. All samples were dried at a constant air velocity of 1.5 m/s and temperatures of 70, 90, and 110°C. As drying time increased, moisture ratio of all samples exponentially decreased. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit the experimental data to drying models. Effective diffusivities, which ranged from 2.238×10−9 to 6.434×10−9 m2 /s were calculated using Fick&#039;s second law of diffusion. Activation energies were determined according to the Arrhenius equation and ranged from 12.32 to 15.39 kJ/kg mol. The highest diffusion coefficient was observed in the microwave starch blanched (600 W-110°C) samples. The highest increases in the diffusion coefficient and decreases in the drying time in comparison with control samples were observed in the microwave-starch (600W- 70°C) samples. Thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat of samples ranged from 0.544-0.586 (W/m K), 3643.85-3900.00 (J/kg K), and 835.80-899.44 (Kg/m3), respectively. The friction drag force, convective heat, and mass transfer coefficients varied from 3.965 to 3.972×10−6 N, 66.29 to 66.44 W/m2 K, and 0.03410 to 0.03428 m/s, respectively. The using microwave-starch blanching pretreatment can significantly decrease the drying time and improve the drying process of green almond at the industrial scale.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Diffusion coefficient</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  drying kinetics</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  green almond</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  microwave blanching</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  starch</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
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