Jelly-Coats of Amphibian Egg; Morphological Structure, Effect on Fertilization and Immunobiological Activity

Abstract

Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates that serve as a bridge between aquatic life and terrestrial life with more than 8000 species in the world, divided into 3 orders: Anura, Urodela and Gymnophiona. In addition, they have been the subject of many studies due to their cosmopolitan structure, easy culturing, amplification and potential clinical applications. The mature eggs of most animal species are surrounded by extracellular layers or structures such as vitelline membrane, jelly, and zona pellucida. Amphibian eggs are bordered by a vitelline envelope of these structures and several jelly layers that are structurally and chemically different. These layers are characteristic feature of amphibian eggs and are described as a gelatinous matrix that is insoluble in water. These jelly layers, which look quite simple from the outside, protect the embryo against harsh environmental conditions in nature, nourish it, and allow it to grow and develop. The information in the literature on amphibian egg jelly, which plays such an important role, is very limited. In this review, the morphological structure, content, effect on fertilization and immunobiological activity of amphibian egg jelly are discussed.

Keywords

• Amphibian
• Fertilization
• Immunobiology

Amfibi Yumurta Jel Katmanları; Morfolojik Yapısı ve İçeriği, Fertilizasyon Üzerine Etkisi ve İmmünobiyolojik Aktivites

Abstract

Amfibiler, sucul yaşam ile karasal yaşam arasında bir köprü görevi gören Anura, Urodela ve Gymnophiona olmak üzere 3 takıma ayrılan ve dünyada 8000’den fazla türe sahip olan soğukkanlı omurgalı canlılardır. Bununla birlikte, kozmopolit olmaları, kolay kültüre edilebilmeleri, çift yaşamlı olmaları ve potansiyel klinik uygulamaları sayesinde birçok çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Çoğu hayvan türünün olgun yumurtaları, vitellin zar, jel ve zona pellusida gibi hücre dışı katmanlar veya yapılarla çevrilidir. Amfibi yumurtaları bu yapılardan bir vitellin zarf ile yapısal ve kimyasal olarak farklı birkaç jel tabakayla çevrilidir. Bu jel tabaka, amfibi yumurtalarının karakteristik bir özelliğidir. Suda çözünmeyen jelatinimsi bir matris olarak tanımlanmaktadırlar. Dışardan bakıldığında oldukça basit yapılı görünen bu jel tabakalar doğada zorlu ortam şartlarına karşı embriyoyu korumakta, beslemekte, büyümesine ve gelişmesine olanak sağlamaktadırlar. Bu denli önemli bir görev gören amfibi yumurta jeli üzerine literatürde yer alan bilgiler oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu derlemede amfibi yumurta jelinin morfolojik yapısı, içeriği, fertilizasyon üzerine olan etkisi ve immünobiyolojik aktivitesi ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

• Amfibi
• Fertilizasyon
• İmmünobiyoloji

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