Meyve Suyu İşleme Tesisi Atıklarından Biyokompozit Ambalaj Malzemelerinin Üretimi

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 250 - 259, 01.03.2020

Seda Ersus Arzu Yalçın Melikoğlu Serap Cesur

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.528965

Abstract

Günümüzde fosil kaynaklardan elde edilen, doğada kendiliğinden yok olması yüzlerce yıl alan plastik esaslı ambalaj atıklarının neden olduğu çevresel sorunların giderilmesinde, biyobozunur özellik gösteren biyokompozit ambalaj malzemelerinin kullanımı önemli bir alternatiftir. Biyokompozit malzeme polimer matris ve doğal organik takviye ajanı/dolgu maddesi olmak üzere iki bileşenden meydana gelmektedir. Özellikle biyokompozit malzemelerin üretiminde, ucuz ve bol olan atıkların kullanımı; maliyet avantajı, biyobozunma davranışı ve daha pahalı malzeme ağırlığında azalma sağlamaktadır. Meyve suyu işleme sanayinde atık olarak yüksek miktarda ortaya çıkan kabuk, çekirdek, sap vb. bileşenleri içeren posanın kendisi ve bu atıklardan elde edilen nişasta, pektin, selüloz, hemiselüloz ve lignin gibi polisakkaritler biyokompozit ambalaj malzemelerinin geliştirilmesinde takviye ajanı ve/veya dolgu maddesi olarak ağırlıkça %10-50 oranında kullanım potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu derlemede; (i) meyve suyu üretim atıklarında bulunan pektin ve selüloz biyopolimerlerinin üretimi (ii) biyokompozit gıda ambalaj malzemelerinin üretimi, (iii) meyve suyu işletim tesisi atıklarından elde edilen takviye ajanlarının biyokompozit malzemenin mekanik, bariyer ve biyobozunma davranışı üzerine etkileri konusunda bilgi verilmektedir.

Keywords

Meyve suyu atığı, posa, pektin, selüloz, biyokompozit film

Production of Biocomposite Packaging Materials From Fruit Juice Processing Wastes

Abstract

The use of biocomposite packaging materials is nowadays considered as an important issue for overcoming the environmental problems caused by plastic-based packaging materials that is produced from fossil fuels which take centuries to degrade in nature. Biocomposite materials are made up of two components, a polymer matrix and a natural organic reinforcing agent/filling material. In the production of biocomposites, the use of low-cost and widely available waste materials have advantages such as increasing biodegradability and a reduction in weight of the more expensive materials. The pomace resulting from the large quantities of peel, seed, stalks, etc. produced as waste by the fruit juice processing sector, and the polysaccharides such as starch, pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin derived from this pomace, has the potential to be used as reinforcing agent and/or filling material in the development of biocomposite packaging materials with 10-50% (w/w) addition. In this review, (i) extraction of some of the biopolymers such as pectin and cellulose from the fruit juice processing waste, (ii) production of biocomposite food packaging materials, and (iii) investigation of the effects of reinforcing agents obtained from the fruit juice processing waste on the mechanical, barrier and biodegradation properties of biocomposite materials were summarized.

Keywords

fruit juice waste, pomace, pectin, cellulose, biocomposite film

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