Hay Production of Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) as Influenced by Various Management Practices in Highlands
Year 2021,
Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 1625 - 1634, 01.06.2021
Mustafa Tan
,
İrfan Çoruh
Abstract
The effects of sowing time and companion crop on hay yield, weed rate and some hay quality parameters of smooth bromegrass were determined in 2014 and 2015. Smooth bromegrass was sown in spring and summer period with or without wheat as a companion crop. The study was established according to the experimental design of randomized complete blocks in irrigated conditions with three replications. Sowings mixed with companion crop in spring produced higher dry matter yield in the first year and in the second year. Mixed sowing with companion crop decreased the rate of weeds in the first year from 76.7% to 7.8%. Sowing time was not effective on hay quality, but the use of companion crop decreased the crude protein content and increased ADF and NDF ratios in the establishment year.
Supporting Institution
Atatürk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Fonu
Project Number
BAP-2013/382
Thanks
Atatürk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Fonu'na teşekkür ederiz
References
- Acar Z, Onal Asci O, Başaran U, Ayan I, Mut H, 2011. Can Triticale be used as a Companion Crop with Red Clover? Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 35: 235-245.
- AOAC, 1997. Association of Official Analytical Chemists International Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Edition, AOAC, Arlington.
- Bean EW, 1978. Principles of Herbage Seed Production. Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Technical Bul. No: 1, Second Edition, 149 p.
- Beck PA, Stewart CB, Gray HC, Smith JL, Gunter SA, 2009. Effect of Wheat Forage Maturity and Preservation Method on Forage Chemical Composition and Performance of Growing Calves Fed Mixed Diets. Journal of Animal Science, 87: 4133-4142.
- Buglass E, 1964. Seed Production of Crested Wheatgrass as Influenced by Various Management Practices. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 44: 66-74.
- Canevari M, Vargas RN, Orloff SB, 2007. Weed Management in Alfalfa. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Pub. No: 8294, 12/2007, 18 p.
- Chastain TG, Grabe DF, 1989. Spring Establishment of Turf-Type Tall Fescue Seed Crops with Cereal Companion Crops. Agronomy Journal, 81: 488-493.
- Cinar S, Karadag Y, Tasyurek T, Gokalp S, Ozkurt M, 2016. The Determination of Yield and Quality of Some Perennial Forage Cultivars under Sivas Ecological Conditions. Journal of Central Research Institute Field Crops, 25: 213-218.
- Cupina B, Krstic D, Mikic A, Eric P, Vuckovic S, Pejic B, 2010. The effect of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Companion Crop Management on Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Establishment and Productivity. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34: 275-283.
- Coruh I, Tan M, 2016. The Effects on Seeding Time and Companion Crop on Yield of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Weed Growth. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 21: 184-189.
- Coulman B, Kleinhout A, Bligetu B, 2019. Annual Ryegrass and Festulolium as Companion Crops in the Establishment of Perennial Forage Crops. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 99: 611-623.
- Dumlu Gul Z, Yolcu H, Tan M, Serin Y, Gul I, 2013. Yield, Quality, and other Characteristics of Selected Lines of Crested Wheatgrass. Journal of Plant Registry, 7: 1-5.
- Elliott CR, 1972. Grass Seed Production: Effect of Seeding Date and Companion Crops. Agri-Science Field Crops Agdex 120.20. Northern Research Group, Ag. Canada, Beaverlodge, AB.
- Ezeaku IE, Mbah BN, Baiyeri KP, 2017. Response of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Genotypes to Sowing Dates and Insecticide Spray in South Eastern Nigeria. The Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 27(1): 239-245.
- Glover DE, Kielly GA, Jefferson PG, Cohen RDH, 2004. Agronomic Characteristics and Nutritive Value of 11 Grasses Grown with Irrigation on a Saline Soil in Southwestern Saskatchewan. 2004. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 84: 1037-1050.
- Hall MH, Collins M, 2017. Forage Establishment. In: M Collins, CJ Nelson, KJ Moore, RF Barnes (Eds.) An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture, Seventh Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, p. 221-233.
- Hunt SR, McAdam JW, Griggs, TC, 2016. Seeding Rate, Oat Companion Crop, and Planting Season Effects on Irrigated Organic Birdsfoot Trefoil Stands in the Mountain West United States. Crop Science, 56: 463-473.
- Kacar B, 2012. Soil Analysis. Nobel Publications, No: 484, Ankara. (in Turkish)
- Khan R, Khan MA, Sultan S, Marwat KB, Khan I, Hassan G, Shah HU, 2013. Nutritional Quality of Sixteen Terrestrial Weeds for the Formulation of Cost-Effective Animal Feed. Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 23(1 Suppl.): 75-79.
- Klebesadel LJ, 1993. Bromegrass in Alaska. III. Effects of Planting Dates, and Time of Seeding-Year Harvest, on Seeding-Year Forage Yields and Quality, Winter Survival, and Second-Year Spring Forage Yield. Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station School of Agriculture and Land Resources Management Bul. 96 December 1993.
- Langer RHM, 1973. Pastures and Pastures Plants. New Zealand Consolidated Press Ltd., Auckland, 429 p.
- Lanini WT, Orlof SB, Vargas RN, Orr JP, Marble VL, Grattan, SR, 1991. Oat Companion Crop Seeding Rate Effect on Alfalfa Establishment, Yield And Weed Control. Agronomy Journal, 83: 330-333.
- Miller DA, 1984. Forage Crops. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, USA, 530.
- Saritas Y, Akça Pelen M, Sahin M, Unal S, Efe B, Tezel, M, 2017. Determination of Some Types of Yield and Quality Values Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) Grown in Different Ecological Conditions Turkey. 12. Field Crops Congress, September 12-15, Kahramanmaras, Turkey (in Turkish).
- Sheaffer CC, Barnes DK, Marten GC, 1988. Companion Crop vs. Solo Seeding: Effect on Alfalfa Seeding Year Forage and N Yields. Journal of Production Agriculture, 1: 270-274.
- Tan M, 2018. Legume and Grass Forage Crops. Ataturk University Faculty of Agriculture Text Book No: 256, Erzurum, Turkey, 356 p.
- Tan M, Serin Y, 2004. Is the Companion Crop Harmless to Alfalfa Establishment in the Highlands of East Anatolia? Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 190: 1-5.
- Tan M, Erkovan HI, 2004. Using a Companion Crop of Barley to Improve White Clover Production in the Highlands of Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 47: 219-224.
- Tan M, Erkovan, HI Temel S, 2009. The Effects of Seeding Times and Rates on Forage Yield of Alfalfa. National VIII. Field Crops Congress, October 22, 2009, Hatay, Turkey.
- Unal S, Mutlu Z, 2015. A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey. Journal of Central Research Institute Field Crops, 24: 47-55.
- Van Soest PL, Robertson JB, Lewis BA, 1991. Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
- Vough LR, Decker AM, Taylor TH, 1995. Forage Establish¬ment and Renovation. In: RF Barnes, DA Miller, CJ Nel¬son, (Eds.), Forages, volume II: The Science of Grassland Agri¬culture. 5th ed. Iowa State Univ. Press, Des Moines. p. 29-43.
- Waddington J, Bittman S, 1983. Bromegrass and Alfalfa Establishment with a Wheat Companion Crop in Northeastern Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 63: 659-668.
- Wiersma DW, Hoffman PC, Mlynarek MJ, 1999. Companion Crops for Legume Establishment: Forage Yield, Quality, and Establishment Success. Journal of Production Agriculture, 12: 116-122.
- Yildiz N, Bircan H, 2003. Research and Trial Methods. Atatürk University Pub. No: 697. Faculty of Agriculture Pub. No: 305, Textbook Series No: 57, Erzurum, Turkey. (in Turkish).
Hay Production of Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) as Influenced by Various Management Practices in Highlands
Year 2021,
Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 1625 - 1634, 01.06.2021
Mustafa Tan
,
İrfan Çoruh
Abstract
The effects of sowing time and companion crop on hay yield, weed rate and some hay quality parameters of smooth bromegrass were determined in 2014 and 2015. Smooth bromegrass was sown in spring and summer period with or without wheat as a companion crop. The study was established according to the experimental design of randomized complete blocks in irrigated conditions with three replications. Sowings mixed with companion crop in spring produced higher dry matter yield in the first year and in the second year. Mixed sowing with companion crop decreased the rate of weeds in the first year from 76.7% to 7.8%. Sowing time was not effective on hay quality, but the use of companion crop decreased the crude protein content and increased ADF and NDF ratios in the establishment year.
Project Number
BAP-2013/382
References
- Acar Z, Onal Asci O, Başaran U, Ayan I, Mut H, 2011. Can Triticale be used as a Companion Crop with Red Clover? Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 35: 235-245.
- AOAC, 1997. Association of Official Analytical Chemists International Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Edition, AOAC, Arlington.
- Bean EW, 1978. Principles of Herbage Seed Production. Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Technical Bul. No: 1, Second Edition, 149 p.
- Beck PA, Stewart CB, Gray HC, Smith JL, Gunter SA, 2009. Effect of Wheat Forage Maturity and Preservation Method on Forage Chemical Composition and Performance of Growing Calves Fed Mixed Diets. Journal of Animal Science, 87: 4133-4142.
- Buglass E, 1964. Seed Production of Crested Wheatgrass as Influenced by Various Management Practices. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 44: 66-74.
- Canevari M, Vargas RN, Orloff SB, 2007. Weed Management in Alfalfa. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Pub. No: 8294, 12/2007, 18 p.
- Chastain TG, Grabe DF, 1989. Spring Establishment of Turf-Type Tall Fescue Seed Crops with Cereal Companion Crops. Agronomy Journal, 81: 488-493.
- Cinar S, Karadag Y, Tasyurek T, Gokalp S, Ozkurt M, 2016. The Determination of Yield and Quality of Some Perennial Forage Cultivars under Sivas Ecological Conditions. Journal of Central Research Institute Field Crops, 25: 213-218.
- Cupina B, Krstic D, Mikic A, Eric P, Vuckovic S, Pejic B, 2010. The effect of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Companion Crop Management on Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Establishment and Productivity. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34: 275-283.
- Coruh I, Tan M, 2016. The Effects on Seeding Time and Companion Crop on Yield of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Weed Growth. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 21: 184-189.
- Coulman B, Kleinhout A, Bligetu B, 2019. Annual Ryegrass and Festulolium as Companion Crops in the Establishment of Perennial Forage Crops. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 99: 611-623.
- Dumlu Gul Z, Yolcu H, Tan M, Serin Y, Gul I, 2013. Yield, Quality, and other Characteristics of Selected Lines of Crested Wheatgrass. Journal of Plant Registry, 7: 1-5.
- Elliott CR, 1972. Grass Seed Production: Effect of Seeding Date and Companion Crops. Agri-Science Field Crops Agdex 120.20. Northern Research Group, Ag. Canada, Beaverlodge, AB.
- Ezeaku IE, Mbah BN, Baiyeri KP, 2017. Response of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Genotypes to Sowing Dates and Insecticide Spray in South Eastern Nigeria. The Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 27(1): 239-245.
- Glover DE, Kielly GA, Jefferson PG, Cohen RDH, 2004. Agronomic Characteristics and Nutritive Value of 11 Grasses Grown with Irrigation on a Saline Soil in Southwestern Saskatchewan. 2004. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 84: 1037-1050.
- Hall MH, Collins M, 2017. Forage Establishment. In: M Collins, CJ Nelson, KJ Moore, RF Barnes (Eds.) An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture, Seventh Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, p. 221-233.
- Hunt SR, McAdam JW, Griggs, TC, 2016. Seeding Rate, Oat Companion Crop, and Planting Season Effects on Irrigated Organic Birdsfoot Trefoil Stands in the Mountain West United States. Crop Science, 56: 463-473.
- Kacar B, 2012. Soil Analysis. Nobel Publications, No: 484, Ankara. (in Turkish)
- Khan R, Khan MA, Sultan S, Marwat KB, Khan I, Hassan G, Shah HU, 2013. Nutritional Quality of Sixteen Terrestrial Weeds for the Formulation of Cost-Effective Animal Feed. Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 23(1 Suppl.): 75-79.
- Klebesadel LJ, 1993. Bromegrass in Alaska. III. Effects of Planting Dates, and Time of Seeding-Year Harvest, on Seeding-Year Forage Yields and Quality, Winter Survival, and Second-Year Spring Forage Yield. Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station School of Agriculture and Land Resources Management Bul. 96 December 1993.
- Langer RHM, 1973. Pastures and Pastures Plants. New Zealand Consolidated Press Ltd., Auckland, 429 p.
- Lanini WT, Orlof SB, Vargas RN, Orr JP, Marble VL, Grattan, SR, 1991. Oat Companion Crop Seeding Rate Effect on Alfalfa Establishment, Yield And Weed Control. Agronomy Journal, 83: 330-333.
- Miller DA, 1984. Forage Crops. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, USA, 530.
- Saritas Y, Akça Pelen M, Sahin M, Unal S, Efe B, Tezel, M, 2017. Determination of Some Types of Yield and Quality Values Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) Grown in Different Ecological Conditions Turkey. 12. Field Crops Congress, September 12-15, Kahramanmaras, Turkey (in Turkish).
- Sheaffer CC, Barnes DK, Marten GC, 1988. Companion Crop vs. Solo Seeding: Effect on Alfalfa Seeding Year Forage and N Yields. Journal of Production Agriculture, 1: 270-274.
- Tan M, 2018. Legume and Grass Forage Crops. Ataturk University Faculty of Agriculture Text Book No: 256, Erzurum, Turkey, 356 p.
- Tan M, Serin Y, 2004. Is the Companion Crop Harmless to Alfalfa Establishment in the Highlands of East Anatolia? Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 190: 1-5.
- Tan M, Erkovan HI, 2004. Using a Companion Crop of Barley to Improve White Clover Production in the Highlands of Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 47: 219-224.
- Tan M, Erkovan, HI Temel S, 2009. The Effects of Seeding Times and Rates on Forage Yield of Alfalfa. National VIII. Field Crops Congress, October 22, 2009, Hatay, Turkey.
- Unal S, Mutlu Z, 2015. A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey. Journal of Central Research Institute Field Crops, 24: 47-55.
- Van Soest PL, Robertson JB, Lewis BA, 1991. Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
- Vough LR, Decker AM, Taylor TH, 1995. Forage Establish¬ment and Renovation. In: RF Barnes, DA Miller, CJ Nel¬son, (Eds.), Forages, volume II: The Science of Grassland Agri¬culture. 5th ed. Iowa State Univ. Press, Des Moines. p. 29-43.
- Waddington J, Bittman S, 1983. Bromegrass and Alfalfa Establishment with a Wheat Companion Crop in Northeastern Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 63: 659-668.
- Wiersma DW, Hoffman PC, Mlynarek MJ, 1999. Companion Crops for Legume Establishment: Forage Yield, Quality, and Establishment Success. Journal of Production Agriculture, 12: 116-122.
- Yildiz N, Bircan H, 2003. Research and Trial Methods. Atatürk University Pub. No: 697. Faculty of Agriculture Pub. No: 305, Textbook Series No: 57, Erzurum, Turkey. (in Turkish).