Effect of Ground-Baked Clay and Marble Wastes on Strength Development of Cementitious Mortars

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 2692 - 2705, 01.12.2023

Ahmet Ferdi Şenol , Cenk Karakurt

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1311857

Abstract

The demand for cement continues to increase steadily in Turkey due to population growth, completion of the service life of buildings, implementation of urban transformations, new housing and infrastructure needs. However, the increase in cement production also leads to high carbon emissions and extra energy consumption. In this study, the use of ground baked clay (K) and marble (M) wastes in cement mortars was investigated in order to reduce the use of cement in the construction industry and to eliminate environmental pollution caused by waste marble and construction demolition sites. In the mortar series designed for this purpose, seven series of mortar mixtures were produced by using waste powder materials at 0% (control), 5%, 10% and 15% by weight instead of cement. After determining the workability properties of the fresh mortar series, the physical and mechanical properties of the samples were investigated by applying standard curing for 7, 28, 56 and 90 days. In the fresh mortar series the spreading values decreased as the K substitution increased, while the spreading values increased as the M substitution increased. When the highest strength results obtained at the end of 90-day curing were compared with the control series; the compressive and flexural strengths of the mortars produced by using 10% K instead of cement respectively; increased by 8% and 4%. The strengths of the mortars produced using 5% M are also; increased by 2% and 4%.

Keywords

Baked clay waste, Marble waste, Cement, Porosity, Mechanical properties

Öğütülmüş Pişmiş Kil ve Mermer Atıklarının Çimentolu Harçlarda Dayanım Gelişimine Etkisi

Abstract

Türkiye’deki nüfus artışı, yapıların hizmet ömrünün tamamlanması, kentsel dönüşümlerin uygulanması, yeni konut ve altyapı ihtiyaçları ile birlikte çimentoya olan talep istikrarlı bir şekilde artmaya devam etmektedir. Bununla birlikte çimento üretimindeki artış, yüksek karbon emisyonuna ve fazladan enerji tüketimine de sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, inşaat endüstrisindeki çimento kullanımını azaltmak, atık mermer ve inşaat yıkım sahaları kaynaklı çevre kirliliğini bertaraf etmek amacıyla, öğütülmüş pişmiş kil (K) ve mermer (M) atıklarının çimentolu harçlarda kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla tasarlanan harç serilerinde, çimento yerine ağırlıkça; %0 (kontrol), %5, %10 ve %15 oranlarında atık toz malzemeler kullanılarak yedi serilik harç karışımları üretilmiş, taze harç serilerinin işlenebilirlik özellikleri belirlendikten sonra üretilen numunelere; 7, 28, 56 ve 90 günlük standart kür uygulanarak fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Taze harç serilerinde, K ikamesi arttıkça yayılma değerleri azalırken, M ikamesi arttıkça yayılma değerleri de artmıştır. Serilere uygulanan 90 günlük kür sonunda elde edilen en yüksek dayanım sonuçları kontrol serisine göre karşılaştırıldığında; çimento yerine %10 oranında K kullanılarak üretilen harçların basınç ve eğilme dayanımları sırasıyla; %8 ve %4 oranlarında artarken, %5 oranında M kullanılarak üretilen harçların dayanımları da %2 ve %4 oranlarında artmıştır.

Keywords

Pişmiş kil atığı, Mermer atığı, Çimento, Porozite, Mekanik özellikler

Thanks

Yazarlar, deney çalışmalarında yardımcı olan, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü lisans öğrencilerinden; Büşra Elgün ve Eren Gündüz’e teşekkür eder.

References

• Aliabdo, A. A., Abd Elmoaty, M., & Auda, E. M. (2014). Re-use of waste marble dust in the production of cement and concrete. Construction and building materials, 50, 28-41.
• Anonim, (2022). T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı, https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/plan-program-raporlar-ve-yayinlar/sektor-raporlari/mu0102011404, (Erişim adresi: 26 Nisan, 2023).
• Anonim, (2023). https://www.afad.gov.tr/duyurular, (Erişim adresi: 26 Nisan, 2023).
• Ashish, D. K. (2018). Feasibility of waste marble powder in concrete as partial substitution of cement and sand amalgam for sustainable growth. Journal of Building Engineering, 15, 236-242.
• Atyia, M. M., Mahdy, M. G., & Abd Elrahman, M. (2021). Production and properties of lightweight concrete incorporating recycled waste crushed clay bricks. Construction and Building Materials, 304, 124655.
• Aydin, E., & Arel, H. Ş. (2019). High-volume marble substitution in cement-paste: Towards a better sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 237, 117801
• Belkadi, A. A., Kessal, O., Chiker, T., Achour, Y., Rouabhi, A., Messaoudi, O., & Khouadjia, M. L. K. (2023). Full factorial design of mechanical and physical properties of eco-mortars containing waste marble powder. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 48(4), 4325-4338.
• Bilir, T., Karadağ, Ö., & Aygün, B. F. (2022). Waste marble powder. In Sustainable Concrete Made with Ashes and Dust from Different Sources (pp. 479-506). Woodhead Publishing.
• Boğa, A. R., & Şenol, A. F. (2023). The effect of waste marble and basalt aggregates on the fresh and hardened properties of high strength self-compacting concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 363, 129715.
• Chen, G., Li, S., Zhao, Y., Xu, Z., Luo, X., & Gao, J. (2023). Hydration and microstructure evolution of a novel low-carbon concrete containing recycled clay brick powder and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Construction and Building Materials, 386, 131596.
• Çelikten, S., & Canbaz, M. (2021). Atık Andezit ve Mermer Tozunun Çimento Harçlarının Dayanım Özelliklerine Etkisi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1), 43-48.
• Demirel, B., & Alyamaç, K. E. (2018). Waste marble powder/dust. In Waste and Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete (pp. 181-197). Woodhead Publishing.
• Dobiszewska, M., Bagcal, O., Beycioğlu, A., Goulias, D., Köksal, F., Płomiński, B., & Ürünveren, H. (2023). Utilization of rock dust as cement replacement in cement composites: An alternative approach to sustainable mortar and concrete productions. Journal of Building Engineering, 106180.
• Ebrahimi, M., Eslami, A., Hajirasouliha, I., Ramezanpour, M., & Pilakoutas, K. (2023). Effect of ceramic waste powder as a binder replacement on the properties of cement-and lime-based mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 379, 131146.
• Ergün, A. (2011). Effects of the usage of diatomite and waste marble powder as partial replacement of cement on the mechanical properties of concrete. Construction and building materials, 25(2), 806-812.
• Ge, Z., Wang, Y., Sun, R., Wu, X., & Guan, Y. (2015). Influence of ground waste clay brick on properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 98, 128-136.
• Lam, M. N. T., Nguyen, D. T., & Nguyen, D. L. (2021). Potential use of clay brick waste powder and ceramic waste aggregate in mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 313, 125516.
• Ma, B., Wang, J., Tan, H., Li, X., Cai, L., Zhou, Y., & Chu, Z. (2019). Utilization of waste marble powder in cement-based materials by incorporating nano silica. Construction and Building Materials, 211, 139-149.
• Manzoor, S., Ganesh, S., & Danish, P. (2022). Effect on properties of concrete by utilization of metakaolin and marble powder. Materials Today: Proceedings, 62, 6689-6694.)
• Moon, G. D., Oh, S., Jung, S. H., & Choi, Y. C. (2017). Effects of the fineness of limestone powder and cement on the hydration and strength development of PLC concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 135, 129-136
• Özkılıç, Y. O., Zeybek, Ö., Bahrami, A., Çelik, A. İ., Mydin, M. A. O., Karalar, M., & Jagadesh, P. (2023). Optimum usage of waste marble powder to reduce use of cement toward eco-friendly concrete. journal of materials research and technology, 25, 4799-4819
• Schackow, A., Stringari, D., Senff, L., Correia, S. L., & Segadães, A. M. (2015). Influence of fired clay brick waste additions on the durability of mortars. Cement and concrete composites, 62, 82-89.
• Seghir, N. T., Mellas, M., Sadowski, Ł., & Żak, A. (2018). Effects of marble powder on the properties of the air-cured blended cement paste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 858-868.
• Shao, J., Gao, J., Zhao, Y., & Chen, X. (2019). Study on the pozzolanic reaction of clay brick powder in blended cement pastes. Construction and Building Materials, 213, 209-215.
• Shirule, P. A., Rahman, A., & Gupta, R. D. (2012). Partial replacement of cement with marble dust powder. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, 1(3), 2249.
• Singh, M., Srivastava, A., & Bhunia, D. (2017). An investigation on effect of partial replacement of cement by waste marble slurry. Construction and Building Materials, 134, 471-488.
• TS 25. (2015), Doğal puzolan (tras)-Çimento ve betonda kullanılan-Tarifler, gerekler ve uygunluk kriterleri, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
• TS EN 1015-3/A2. (2007), Kagir harcı-deney metotları-bölüm 3: taze harç kıvamının tayini (yayılma tablası ile), Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
• TS EN 196-1. (2016), Çimento deney metotları- Bölüm 1: Dayanım tayini, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
• TS EN 772-4. (2000), Kagir birimler- Deney metotları- Bölüm 4: Tabii taş kagir birimlerin toplam ve görünen porozitesi ile boşluksuz ve boşluklu birim hacim kütlesinin tayini, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
• Wang, T., Yang, W., & Zhang, J. (2022). Experimental Studies on Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of Marble Waste Powder Cement Cementitious Materials. Crystals, 12(6), 868.
• Wu, J. D., Guo, L. P., & Qin, Y. Y. (2021). Preparation and characterization of ultra-high-strength and ultra-high-ductility cementitious composites incorporating waste clay brick powder. Journal of Cleaner Production, 312, 127813.
• Xue, C., Qiao, H., Cao, H., Feng, Q., & Li, Q. (2021). Analysis on the strength of cement mortar mixed with construction waste brick powder. Advances in Civil Engineering, 1-10.
• Yamanel, K., Durak, U., İlkentapar, S., Atabey, İ. İ., Karahan, O., & Duran, C. (2019). Influence of waste marble powder as a replacement of cement on the properties of mortar. Revista de la Construcción. Journal of Construction, 18(2), 290-300.
• Zhang, H., Zhang, C., He, B., Yi, S., & Tang, L. (2023). Recycling fine powder collected from construction and demolition wastes as partial alternatives to cement: A comprehensive analysis on effects, mechanism, cost and CO2 emission. Journal of Building Engineering, 71, 106507.
• Zhao, Y., Gao, J., Liu, C., Chen, X., & Xu, Z. (2020). The particle-size effect of waste clay brick powder on its pozzolanic activity and properties of blended cement. Journal of cleaner production, 242, 118521.