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Sustainable production of WMA with pine gum wax modification

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 8 - 16, 31.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.53635/jit.1452224

Abstract

Warm mix asphalt (WMA) (S®-WMA) produced with Sasobit® (S®), a widely used organic admixture, shows a significant increase in softening point value and a decrease in stripping resistance. These two characteristics of S®-WMA are considered as some problems to be solved. Therefore, this study was established to evaluate possible solutions to these two problems through another modification process. In this study, it was investigated whether modifying S®-WMA using a previously unstudied product, pine gum wax (PGW), could be a solution to the problem. In this context, WMA was produced with S® at 1, 2 and 3 in percent by mass of bitumen. As PGW has not been previously used as an additive to modify S®-WMA, it was added within a limit of 1% (by bitumen mass) for initial investigation. Physical and rheological standard tests were performed on each sample to demonstrate the change in properties of S®-WMA produced with 1% PGW compared to S®-WMA. The results indicated that the addition of 1% PGW to S®-WMA resulted in a significant reduction in softening point and an improvement in stripping resistance compared to S®-WMA. Thus, it seems that the use of PGW could be a potential solution for the two mentioned problems. It can also be pointed out that modifying the S®-WMA specimen with PGW without compromising its properties can help in an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly solution. However, due to the use of PGW, more in-depth research is required.

References

  • Almeida-Costa, A., & Benta, A. (2016). Economic and environmental impact study of warm mix asphalt compared to hot mix asphalt. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 2308-2317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.077
  • Robinette, C., & Epps, J. (2010). Energy, emissions, material conservation, and prices associated with construction, rehabilitation, and material alternatives for flexible pavement. Transportation research record, 2179(1), 10-22. https://doi.org/10.3141/2179-02
  • Alaloul, W. S., Altaf, M., Musarat, M. A., Faisal Javed, M., & Mosavi, A. (2021). Systematic review of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis for pavement and a case study. Sustainability, 13(8), 4377. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084377
  • Caputo, P., Abe, A. A., Loise, V., Porto, M., Calandra, P., Angelico, R., & Oliviero Rossi, C. (2020). The role of additives in warm mix asphalt technology: An insight into their mechanisms of improving an emerging technology. Nanomaterials, 10(6), 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061202
  • Zaumanis, M. (2014). Warm mix asphalt. In Climate change, energy, sustainability and pavements (pp. 309-334). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44719-2_10
  • d’Angelo, J., Harm, E., Bartoszek, J., Baumgardner, G., Corrigan, M., Cowsert, J., Harman, T., Jamshidi, M., Jones, W., Newcomb, D. & Prowell, B. (2008). Warm-mix asphalt: European practice (No. FHWA-PL-08-007). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of International Programs.
  • Kristjánsdóttir, Ó., Muench, S. T., Michael, L., & Burke, G. (2007). Assessing potential for warm-mix asphalt technology adoption. Transportation Research Record, 2040(1), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.3141/2040-10
  • Caputo, P., Abe, A. A., Loise, V., Porto, M., Calandra, P., Angelico, R., & Oliviero Rossi, C. (2020). The role of additives in warm mix asphalt technology: An insight into their mechanisms of improving an emerging technology. Nanomaterials, 10(6), 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061202
  • Ji, J., Yao, H., Yuan, Z., Suo, Z., Xu, Y., Li, P., & You, Z. (2019). Moisture Susceptibility of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) with an Organic Wax Additive Based on X‐Ray Computed Tomography (CT) Technology. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2019(1), 7101982. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7101982
  • Rodríguez-Alloza, A. M., Gallego, J., & Giuliani, F. (2017). Complex shear modulus and phase angle of crumb rubber modified binders containing organic warm mix asphalt additives. Materials and Structures, 50, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0950-1
  • Sedaghat, B., Taherrian, R., Hosseini, S. A., & Mousavi, S. M. (2020). Rheological properties of bitumen containing nanoclay and organic warm-mix asphalt additives. Construction and Building Materials, 243, 118092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118092
  • Liu, Z., Sun, L., Gu, X., Wang, X., Dong, Q., Zhou, Z., & Tang, J. (2023). Characteristics, mechanisms, and environmental LCA of WMA containing sasobit: An analysis perspective combing viscosity-temperature regression and interface bonding strength. Journal of Cleaner Production, 391, 136255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136255
  • Sengoz, B., Topal, A., & Gorkem, C. (2013). Evaluation of natural zeolite as warm mix asphalt additive and its comparison with other warm mix additives. Construction and Building Materials, 43, 242-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.026
  • Fazaeli, H., Amini, A. A., Nejad, F. M., & Behbahani, H. (2016). Rheological properties of bitumen modified with a combination of FT paraffin wax (sasobit®) and other additives. Journal of civil Engineering and management, 22(2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.897977
  • Din, I. M. U., & Mir, M. S. (2021). Experimental investigation of low viscosity grade binder modified with Fischer Tropsch-Paraffin wax. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 14, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0286-7
  • Cheraghian, G., Falchetto, A.C., You, Z., Chen, S., Kim, Y.S., Westerhoff, J., Moon, K.H. & Wistuba, M. P. (2020). Warm mix asphalt technology: An up to date review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268, 122128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122128
  • Diab, A., Sangiorgi, C., Ghabchi, R., Zaman, M., & Wahaballa, A. M. (2016). Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies: Benefits and drawbacks—A literature review. Functional pavement design, 1145-1154.
  • Sukhija, M., & Saboo, N. (2021). A comprehensive review of warm mix asphalt mixtures-laboratory to field. Construction and Building Materials, 274, 121781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121781
  • Prakash, G., & Suman, S. K. (2022). An intensive overview of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies towards sustainable pavement construction. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 7(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00712-9
  • Abdullah, M.E., Zamhari, K.A., Buhari, R., Bakar, S.K.A., Kamaruddin, N.H.M., Nayan, N., Hainin, M.R., Hassan, N.A., Hassan, S.A. & Yusoff, N. I. M. (2014). Warm mix asphalt technology: a review. Jurnal Teknologi, 71(3). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v71.3757
  • Guo, M., Liu, H., Jiao, Y., Mo, L., Tan, Y., Wang, D., & Liang, M. (2020). Effect of WMA-RAP technology on pavement performance of asphalt mixture: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 266, 121704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121704
  • Porto, M., Caputo, P., Loise, V., Eskandarsefat, S., Teltayev, B., & Oliviero Rossi, C. (2019). Bitumen and bitumen modification: A review on latest advances. Applied sciences, 9(4), 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040742
  • Gokalp, İ., Çetin, H. M., Özinal, Y., Gündoğan, H., & Uz, V. E. (2019). Polimer modifiye bitüm modifikasyonuna etki eden parametreler üzerine bir literatür araştırması. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 954-964. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.479148
  • Çubuk, M., Gürü, M., & Çubuk, M. K. (2009). Improvement of bitumen performance with epoxy resin. Fuel, 88(7), 1324-1328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.12.024
  • Zhu, J., Birgisson, B., & Kringos, N. (2014). Polymer modification of bitumen: Advances and challenges. European Polymer Journal, 54, 18-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.02.005
  • Abed, A., Thom, N., Lo Presti, D., & Airey, G. (2020). Thermo-rheological analysis of WMA-additive modified binders. Materials and Structures, 53, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01480-1
  • Ameri, M., Yazdipanah, F., Rahimi Yengejeh, A., & Afshin, A. (2020). Production temperatures and mechanical performance of rubberized asphalt mixtures modified with two warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives. Materials and Structures, 53, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01542-4
  • Diab, A., You, Z., & Wang, H. (2013). Rheological evaluation of foamed WMA modified with nano hydrated lime. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 96, 2858-2866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.318
  • Ghabchi, R., Rani, S., Zaman, M., & Ali, S. A. (2021). Effect of WMA additive on properties of PPA-modified asphalt binders containing anti-stripping agent. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 22(4), 418-431. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2019.1614584
  • Rahmad, S., Rosyidi, S.A.P., Memon, N.A., Badri, K.H., Widyatmoko, I., Arshad, A.K., Koting, S., Yusoff, N.I.M. & Hainin, M. R. (2021). Physical, thermal and micro-surface characteristics of PG76 binder incorporated with liquid chemical WMA additive. Construction and Building Materials, 272, 121626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121626
  • Belc, A. L., Coleri, E., Belc, F., & Costescu, C. (2021). Influence of different warm mix additives on characteristics of warm mix asphalt. Materials, 14(13), 3534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133534
  • CEN. (2015) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of needle penetration. EN 1426.
  • CEN. (2015) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of the softening point. Ring and Ball method. EN 1427.
  • ASTM. (2015) Standard test method for viscosity determination of asphalt at elevated temperatures using a rotational viscometer. ASTM D4402.
  • Yildirim, Y., Ideker, J., & Hazlett, D. (2006). Evaluation of viscosity values for mixing and compaction temperatures. Journal of materials in civil engineering, 18(4), 545-553. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:4(545)
  • CEN. (2020) Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen. EN 12697-11.
  • McGennis, R. B., Anderson, R. M., Kennedy, T. W., & Solaimanian, M. (1995). Background of SUPERPAVE asphalt mixture design and analysis (No. FHWA-SA-95-003). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Technology Applications.
  • D'angelo, J., & Dongr, R. (2002). Superpave binder specifications and their performance relationship to modified binders. In Proceedings of the forty-seventh annual conference of the Canadian Technical Asphalt Association (CTAA): Calgary, Alberta.
  • Kennedy, T. W., Huber, G. A., Harrigan, E. T., Cominsky, R. J., Hughes, C. S., Von Quintus, H., & Moulthrop, J. S. (1994). Superior performing asphalt pavements (Superpave): The product of the SHRP asphalt research program.
  • CEN. (2012) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of complex shear modulus and phase angle. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). EN 14770.
  • CEN. (2012) Determination of the flexural creep stiffness - Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), EN 14771.
  • CEN. (2014) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of the resistance to hardening under influence of heat and air RTFOT method. EN 12607-1.
  • CEN. (2012) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Accelerated long-term ageing conditioning by a Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV). EN 14769.
  • Bairgi, B. K., Tarefder, R. A., & Ahmed, M. U. (2018). Long-term rutting and stripping characteristics of foamed warm-mix asphalt (WMA) through laboratory and field investigation. Construction and Building Materials, 170, 790-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.055
  • Julaganti, A., Choudhary, R., & Kumar, A. (2017). Rheology of modified binders under varying doses of WMA additive–Sasobit. Petroleum Science and Technology, 35(10), 975-982. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2017.1297827
  • Raveesh, J., Dhumagond, R., & Bijjur, S. (2018). Experimental Study of WMA by Using Sasobit Additive. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13, 163-165.
Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 8 - 16, 31.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.53635/jit.1452224

Abstract

References

  • Almeida-Costa, A., & Benta, A. (2016). Economic and environmental impact study of warm mix asphalt compared to hot mix asphalt. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 2308-2317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.077
  • Robinette, C., & Epps, J. (2010). Energy, emissions, material conservation, and prices associated with construction, rehabilitation, and material alternatives for flexible pavement. Transportation research record, 2179(1), 10-22. https://doi.org/10.3141/2179-02
  • Alaloul, W. S., Altaf, M., Musarat, M. A., Faisal Javed, M., & Mosavi, A. (2021). Systematic review of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis for pavement and a case study. Sustainability, 13(8), 4377. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084377
  • Caputo, P., Abe, A. A., Loise, V., Porto, M., Calandra, P., Angelico, R., & Oliviero Rossi, C. (2020). The role of additives in warm mix asphalt technology: An insight into their mechanisms of improving an emerging technology. Nanomaterials, 10(6), 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061202
  • Zaumanis, M. (2014). Warm mix asphalt. In Climate change, energy, sustainability and pavements (pp. 309-334). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44719-2_10
  • d’Angelo, J., Harm, E., Bartoszek, J., Baumgardner, G., Corrigan, M., Cowsert, J., Harman, T., Jamshidi, M., Jones, W., Newcomb, D. & Prowell, B. (2008). Warm-mix asphalt: European practice (No. FHWA-PL-08-007). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of International Programs.
  • Kristjánsdóttir, Ó., Muench, S. T., Michael, L., & Burke, G. (2007). Assessing potential for warm-mix asphalt technology adoption. Transportation Research Record, 2040(1), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.3141/2040-10
  • Caputo, P., Abe, A. A., Loise, V., Porto, M., Calandra, P., Angelico, R., & Oliviero Rossi, C. (2020). The role of additives in warm mix asphalt technology: An insight into their mechanisms of improving an emerging technology. Nanomaterials, 10(6), 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061202
  • Ji, J., Yao, H., Yuan, Z., Suo, Z., Xu, Y., Li, P., & You, Z. (2019). Moisture Susceptibility of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) with an Organic Wax Additive Based on X‐Ray Computed Tomography (CT) Technology. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2019(1), 7101982. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7101982
  • Rodríguez-Alloza, A. M., Gallego, J., & Giuliani, F. (2017). Complex shear modulus and phase angle of crumb rubber modified binders containing organic warm mix asphalt additives. Materials and Structures, 50, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0950-1
  • Sedaghat, B., Taherrian, R., Hosseini, S. A., & Mousavi, S. M. (2020). Rheological properties of bitumen containing nanoclay and organic warm-mix asphalt additives. Construction and Building Materials, 243, 118092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118092
  • Liu, Z., Sun, L., Gu, X., Wang, X., Dong, Q., Zhou, Z., & Tang, J. (2023). Characteristics, mechanisms, and environmental LCA of WMA containing sasobit: An analysis perspective combing viscosity-temperature regression and interface bonding strength. Journal of Cleaner Production, 391, 136255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136255
  • Sengoz, B., Topal, A., & Gorkem, C. (2013). Evaluation of natural zeolite as warm mix asphalt additive and its comparison with other warm mix additives. Construction and Building Materials, 43, 242-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.026
  • Fazaeli, H., Amini, A. A., Nejad, F. M., & Behbahani, H. (2016). Rheological properties of bitumen modified with a combination of FT paraffin wax (sasobit®) and other additives. Journal of civil Engineering and management, 22(2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.897977
  • Din, I. M. U., & Mir, M. S. (2021). Experimental investigation of low viscosity grade binder modified with Fischer Tropsch-Paraffin wax. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 14, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0286-7
  • Cheraghian, G., Falchetto, A.C., You, Z., Chen, S., Kim, Y.S., Westerhoff, J., Moon, K.H. & Wistuba, M. P. (2020). Warm mix asphalt technology: An up to date review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268, 122128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122128
  • Diab, A., Sangiorgi, C., Ghabchi, R., Zaman, M., & Wahaballa, A. M. (2016). Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies: Benefits and drawbacks—A literature review. Functional pavement design, 1145-1154.
  • Sukhija, M., & Saboo, N. (2021). A comprehensive review of warm mix asphalt mixtures-laboratory to field. Construction and Building Materials, 274, 121781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121781
  • Prakash, G., & Suman, S. K. (2022). An intensive overview of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies towards sustainable pavement construction. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 7(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00712-9
  • Abdullah, M.E., Zamhari, K.A., Buhari, R., Bakar, S.K.A., Kamaruddin, N.H.M., Nayan, N., Hainin, M.R., Hassan, N.A., Hassan, S.A. & Yusoff, N. I. M. (2014). Warm mix asphalt technology: a review. Jurnal Teknologi, 71(3). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v71.3757
  • Guo, M., Liu, H., Jiao, Y., Mo, L., Tan, Y., Wang, D., & Liang, M. (2020). Effect of WMA-RAP technology on pavement performance of asphalt mixture: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 266, 121704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121704
  • Porto, M., Caputo, P., Loise, V., Eskandarsefat, S., Teltayev, B., & Oliviero Rossi, C. (2019). Bitumen and bitumen modification: A review on latest advances. Applied sciences, 9(4), 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040742
  • Gokalp, İ., Çetin, H. M., Özinal, Y., Gündoğan, H., & Uz, V. E. (2019). Polimer modifiye bitüm modifikasyonuna etki eden parametreler üzerine bir literatür araştırması. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 954-964. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.479148
  • Çubuk, M., Gürü, M., & Çubuk, M. K. (2009). Improvement of bitumen performance with epoxy resin. Fuel, 88(7), 1324-1328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.12.024
  • Zhu, J., Birgisson, B., & Kringos, N. (2014). Polymer modification of bitumen: Advances and challenges. European Polymer Journal, 54, 18-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.02.005
  • Abed, A., Thom, N., Lo Presti, D., & Airey, G. (2020). Thermo-rheological analysis of WMA-additive modified binders. Materials and Structures, 53, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01480-1
  • Ameri, M., Yazdipanah, F., Rahimi Yengejeh, A., & Afshin, A. (2020). Production temperatures and mechanical performance of rubberized asphalt mixtures modified with two warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives. Materials and Structures, 53, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01542-4
  • Diab, A., You, Z., & Wang, H. (2013). Rheological evaluation of foamed WMA modified with nano hydrated lime. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 96, 2858-2866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.318
  • Ghabchi, R., Rani, S., Zaman, M., & Ali, S. A. (2021). Effect of WMA additive on properties of PPA-modified asphalt binders containing anti-stripping agent. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 22(4), 418-431. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2019.1614584
  • Rahmad, S., Rosyidi, S.A.P., Memon, N.A., Badri, K.H., Widyatmoko, I., Arshad, A.K., Koting, S., Yusoff, N.I.M. & Hainin, M. R. (2021). Physical, thermal and micro-surface characteristics of PG76 binder incorporated with liquid chemical WMA additive. Construction and Building Materials, 272, 121626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121626
  • Belc, A. L., Coleri, E., Belc, F., & Costescu, C. (2021). Influence of different warm mix additives on characteristics of warm mix asphalt. Materials, 14(13), 3534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133534
  • CEN. (2015) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of needle penetration. EN 1426.
  • CEN. (2015) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of the softening point. Ring and Ball method. EN 1427.
  • ASTM. (2015) Standard test method for viscosity determination of asphalt at elevated temperatures using a rotational viscometer. ASTM D4402.
  • Yildirim, Y., Ideker, J., & Hazlett, D. (2006). Evaluation of viscosity values for mixing and compaction temperatures. Journal of materials in civil engineering, 18(4), 545-553. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:4(545)
  • CEN. (2020) Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen. EN 12697-11.
  • McGennis, R. B., Anderson, R. M., Kennedy, T. W., & Solaimanian, M. (1995). Background of SUPERPAVE asphalt mixture design and analysis (No. FHWA-SA-95-003). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Technology Applications.
  • D'angelo, J., & Dongr, R. (2002). Superpave binder specifications and their performance relationship to modified binders. In Proceedings of the forty-seventh annual conference of the Canadian Technical Asphalt Association (CTAA): Calgary, Alberta.
  • Kennedy, T. W., Huber, G. A., Harrigan, E. T., Cominsky, R. J., Hughes, C. S., Von Quintus, H., & Moulthrop, J. S. (1994). Superior performing asphalt pavements (Superpave): The product of the SHRP asphalt research program.
  • CEN. (2012) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of complex shear modulus and phase angle. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). EN 14770.
  • CEN. (2012) Determination of the flexural creep stiffness - Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), EN 14771.
  • CEN. (2014) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of the resistance to hardening under influence of heat and air RTFOT method. EN 12607-1.
  • CEN. (2012) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Accelerated long-term ageing conditioning by a Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV). EN 14769.
  • Bairgi, B. K., Tarefder, R. A., & Ahmed, M. U. (2018). Long-term rutting and stripping characteristics of foamed warm-mix asphalt (WMA) through laboratory and field investigation. Construction and Building Materials, 170, 790-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.055
  • Julaganti, A., Choudhary, R., & Kumar, A. (2017). Rheology of modified binders under varying doses of WMA additive–Sasobit. Petroleum Science and Technology, 35(10), 975-982. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2017.1297827
  • Raveesh, J., Dhumagond, R., & Bijjur, S. (2018). Experimental Study of WMA by Using Sasobit Additive. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13, 163-165.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Transportation Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İslam Gokalp 0000-0003-3198-3508

Ramazan Yani 0009-0008-0021-9412

Publication Date July 31, 2024
Submission Date March 13, 2024
Acceptance Date July 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gokalp, İ., & Yani, R. (2024). Sustainable production of WMA with pine gum wax modification. Journal of Innovative Transportation, 5(1), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.53635/jit.1452224