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POTENTIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FOOD ADDITIVES IN ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS

Year 2016, Volume: 50 Issue: 2, 61 - 69, 01.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.72103

Abstract

Food additives used to preserve flavor or to enhance the taste and appearance of foods are also available in oral hygiene products. The aim
of this review is to provide information concerning food additives in oral hygiene products and their adverse effects. A great many of food additives in
oral hygiene products are potential allergens and they may lead to allergic reactions such as urticaria, contact dermatitis, rhinitis, and angioedema. Dental practitioners, as well as health care providers, must be aware of the possibility of allergic reactions due to food additives in oral hygiene products. Proper dosage levels, delivery vehicles, frequency, potential benefits, and adverse effects of oral health products should be explained completely to the patients. There is a necessity to raise the awareness among dental professionals on this subject and to develop a data gathering system for possible adverse reactions.

References

  • Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual (Twenty-first edition) (2013): Issued by the secretariat of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, FAO, Rome http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3243e/i3243e.pdf
  • Gawkrodger DJ. Investigation of reactions to dental materials. Br J Dermatol 2005;153(3):479-485.
  • Freeman S, Stephens R. Cheilitis: Analysis of 75 cases referred to a contact dermatitis clinic. Am J Contact Dermat 1999;10(4):198-200.
  • le Coz CJ, Ball C. Recurrent allergic contact dermatitis and cheilitis due to castor oil. Contact Dermatitis 2000;42(2):114-115.
  • Le Coz CJ, Bezard M. Allergic contact cheilitis due to effervescent dental cleanser: Combined responsibilities of the allergen persulfate and prosthesis porosity. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41(5):268-271.
  • Lee AY, Yoo SH, Oh JG, Kim YG. 2 cases of allergic contact cheilitis from sodium lauryl sulfate in toothpaste. Contact Dermatitis 2000;42(2):111.
  • Wray D, Rees SR, Gibson J, Forsyth A. The role of allergy in oral mucosal diseases. QJM 2000;93(8):507-511.
  • Evaluations of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) http://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfadatabase/search.aspx
  • Food Standards Agency (14 March 2012) Current EU approved additives and their E numbers. http://www.food.gov.uk/policyadvice/additivesbranch/enumberlist#.Uk6aANI72Zs
  • Jardim JJ, Alves LS, Maltz M. The history and global market of oral home-care products. Braz Oral Res 2009;23 (Suppl 1):17-22.
  • Stamm JW. Multi-function toothpastes for better oral health: A behavioural perspective. Int Dent J 2007;57(S5):351-363.
  • American Dental Association; Product Category Information, http://www.ada.org/1322.aspx
  • Wolfgang Weinert in “Oral Hygiene Products” Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim doi:10.1002/14356007.a18_209
  • Rule KL, Ebbett VR, Vikesland PJ. Formation of chloroform and chlorinated organics by freechlorine-mediated oxidation of triclosan. Environ Sci Technol 2005;39(9):3176-3185.
  • Lawrence LM, Farquharson A, Brown RS, Vatanka HO. Oral tissue irritants in toothpaste:A case report. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;38(1):75-78.
  • Abdollahi M, Rahimi R, Radfar M. Current opinion on drug-induced oral reactions: A comprehensive review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;9(3):1-15.
  • Kowitz G, Jacobson J, Meng Z, Lucatorto F. The effects of tartar-control toothpaste on the oral soft tissues. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70(4):529-536.
  • Francalanci S, Sertoli A, Giorgini S, Pigatto P, Santucci B, Valsecchi R. Multicentre study of allergic contact cheilitis from toothpastes. Contact Dermatitis 2000;43(4):216-222.
  • Anil S. Plasma cell gingivitis among herbal toothpaste users: A report of three cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007;8(4):60-66.
  • Lamey PJ, Lewis MA, Rees TD, Fowler C, Binnie WH, Forsyth A. Sensitivity reaction to the cinnamonaldehyde component of toothpaste. Br Dent J 1990;168(3):115-118.
  • Miller RL, Gould AR, Bernstein ML. Cinnamoninduced stomatitis venenata, clinical and characteristic histopathologic features. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;73(6):708-716.
  • Carranza FA. Glickman’s Clinical Periodotology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.; 2002. p.651-74
  • Herlofson BB, Barkvoll P. The effect of two toothpaste detergents on the frequency of recurrent aphthous ulcers. Acta Odontol Scand 1996;54(3):150-153.
  • Babich H, Babich JP. Sodium lauryl sulfate and triclosan: In vitro cytotoxicity studies with gingival cells. Toxicol Lett 1997;91(3):189-196.
  • Baer PN. Toothpaste allergies. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1992;16(3):230-231.
  • Barkvoll P, Rolla G. Possible effects of sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) on the oral mucosa. J Dent Res 1989;68:991.
  • Herlofson BB, Barkvoll P. Sodium lauryl sulfate and recurrent aphthous ulcers. A preliminary study. Acta Odontol Scand 1994;52(5):257-259.
  • Skaare A, Kjaerheim V, Barkvoll P, Rolla G. Skin reactions and irritation potential of four commercial toothpastes. Acta Odontol Scand 1997;55(2):133-136.
  • Ersoy M, Tanalp J, Ozel E, Cengizlier R, Soyman M. The allergy of toothpaste: A case report. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2008;36(6):368-370.
  • Zirwas MJ, Otto S. Toothpaste allergy diagnosis and management. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2010;3(5):42-47.
  • John T, Darrell K, Kathleen V, Cleef T. Chemical composition of everyday products. 2nd Edition, Green Wood publishing group Inc., USA, 2005,48-49
  • Zero DT. Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and remineralization/caries arrestment strategies. BMC Oral Health 2006;6 (Suppl 1):S9.
  • Bernstein ML. Oral mucosal white lesions associated with excessive use of listerine mouthwash. Report of two cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978;46(6):781-785.
  • Moghadam BK, Drisko CL, Gier RE. Chlorhexidine mouthwash-induced fixed drug eruption. Case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71(4):431-434.
  • Yusof WZ, Khoo SP. Mucosal sensitivity to chlorhexidine mouthwash. Singapore Dent J 1988;13(1):39-40.
  • Yusof ZA. Chlorhexidine mouthwash: A review of its pharmacological activity, clinical effects, uses and abuses. Dent J Malays 1988;10(1):9-16.
  • Kowitz GM, Lucatorto FM, Cherrick HM. Effects of mouthwashes on the oral soft tissues. J Oral Med 1976;31(2):47-50.
  • Lim J, Goh CL, Lee CT. Perioral and mucosal oedema due to contact allergy to proflavine. Contact Dermatitis 1991;25(3):195-196.
  • Mathias CG, Chappler RR, Maibach HI. Contact urticaria from cinnamic aldehyde. Arch Dermatol 1980;116(1):74-76.
  • Motley RJ. Benzydamine oral rinse and rash. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988;296(6633):1402.
  • Lim KS, Kam PC. Chlorhexidine--pharmacology and clinical applications. Anaesth Intensive Care 2008;36(4):502-512.
  • Daly B, Sharif MO, Newton T, Jones K, Worthington HV. Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 12. Art. No: CD006968. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD006968.pub2.
  • Cheung J, O’Leary JJ. Allergic reaction to chlorhexidine in an anaesthetised patient. Anaesth Intensive Care 1985;13(4):429-430.
  • Garvey LH, Roed-Petersen J, Husum B. Anaphylactic reactions in anaesthetised patients- four cases of chlorhexidine allergy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001;45(10):1290-1294.
  • Okano M, Nomura M, Hata S, Okada N, Sato K, Kitano Y, Tashiro M, Yoshimoto Y, Hama R, Aoki T. Anaphylactic symptoms due to chlorhexidine gluconate. Arch Dermatol 1989;125(1):50-52.
  • Sharma A, Chopra H. Chlorhexidine urticaria: A rare occurrence with a common mouthwash. Indian J Dent Res 2009;20(3):377-379.
  • Bergqvist-Karlsson A. Delayed and immediatetype hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine. Contact Dermatitis 1988;18(2):84-88.
  • Calogiuri GF, Di Leo E, Trautmann A, Nettis E, Ferrannini A, Vacca A. Chlorhexidine hypersensitivity: A critical and updated review. J Allergy Ther 2013;4:141.
  • Gagari E, Kabani S. Adverse effects of mouthwash use. A review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995;80(4):432-439.
  • Lachenmeier DW. Safety evaluation of topical applications of ethanol on the skin and inside the oral cavity. J Occup Med Toxicol 2008;3:26.
  • Reidy J, McHugh E, Stassen LF. A review of the relationship between alcohol and oral cancer. Surgeon 2011;9(5):278-283.
  • Bernstein ML, Carlish R. The induction of hyperkeratotic white lesions in hamster cheek pouches with mouthwash. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1979;48(6):517-522.
  • Lachenmeier DW, Gumbel-Mako S, Sohnius EM, Keck-Wilhelm A, Kratz E, Mildau G. Salivary acetaldehyde increase due to alcohol-containing mouthwash use: A risk factor for oral cancer. Int J Cancer 2009;125(3):730-735.
  • McCullough MJ, Farah CS. The role of alcohol in oral carcinogenesis with particular reference to alcohol-containing mouthwashes. Aust Dent J 2008;53(4):302-305.
  • La Vecchia C. Mouthwash and oral cancer risk: An update. Oral Oncol 2009;45(3):198-200.
  • Gandini S, Negri E, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C, Boyle P. Mouthwash and oral cancer risk quantitative meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Ann Agric Environ Med 2012;19(2):173-180.
  • Cole P, Rodu B, Mathisen A. Alcohol-containing mouthwash and oropharyngeal cancer: A review of the epidemiology. J Am Dent Assoc 2003;134(8):1079-1087.
  • Elmore JG, Horwitz RI. Oral cancer and mouthwash use: Evaluation of the epidemiologic evidence. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995;113(3):253-261.
  • Bahna P, Hanna HA, Dvorak T, Vaporciyan A, Chambers M, Raad I. Antiseptic effect of a novel alcohol-free mouthwash: A convenient prophylactic alternative for high-risk patients. Oral Oncol 2007;43(2):159-164.
  • Eldridge KR, Finnie SF, Stephens JA, Mauad AM, Munoz CA, Kettering JD. Efficacy of an alcoholfree chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an antimicrobial agent. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80(6):685-690.
  • Herrera D, Roldan S, Santacruz I, Santos S, Masdevall M, Sanz M. Differences in antimicrobial activity of four commercial 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse formulations: An in vitro contact test and salivary bacterial counts study. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30(4):307-314.
  • Almerich JM, Cabedo B, Ortola JC, Poblet J. Influence of alcohol in mouthwashes containing triclosan and zinc: An experimental gingivitis study. J Clin Periodontol 2005;32(6):539-544.
  • Addy M, Perriam E, Sterry A. Effects of sugared and sugar-free chewing gum on the accumulation of plaque and debris on the teeth. J Clin Periodontol 1982;9(4):346-354.
  • Elman ES. Gum chewing and the temporomandibular joint. J Am Dent Assoc 1965;71(6):1416-1418.
  • Leach SA, Lee GT, Edgar WM. Remineralization of artificial caries-like lesions in human enamel in situ by chewing sorbitol gum. J Dent Res 1989;68(6):1064-1068.
  • Imfeld T. Chewing gum--facts and fiction: A review of gum-chewing and oral health. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1999;10(3):405-419.
  • Ly KA, Milgrom P, Rothen M. The potential of dental-protective chewing gum in oral health interventions. J Am Dent Assoc 2008;139(5):553-563.
  • Ly KA, Milgrom P, Rothen M. Xylitol, sweeteners, and dental caries. Pediatr Dent 2006;28(2):154-163; discussion 192-158.
  • Burt BA. The use of sorbitol- and xylitolsweetened chewing gum in caries control. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137(2):190-196.
  • FDA No Calories. Sweet! [Last accessed on 2011 Feb 1]. Available from:http://www.fda.gov/fdac/ features/2006/406_sweeteners.html.
  • Deshpande A, Jadad AR. The impact of polyolcontaining chewing gums on dental caries:A systematic review of original randomized controlled trials and observational studies. J Am Dent Assoc 2008;139(12):1602-1614.
  • Raben A, Richelsen B. Artificial sweeteners: A place in the field of functional foods? Focus on obesity and related metabolic disorders. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2012;15(6):597-604.
  • Aguirre-Zero O, Zero DT, Proskin HM. Effect of chewing xylitol chewing gum on salivary flow rate and the acidogenic potential of dental plaque. Caries Res 1993;27(1):55-59.
  • Nadimi H, Wesamaa H, Janket SJ, Bollu P, Meurman JH. Are sugar-free confections really beneficial for dental health? Br Dent J 2011;211(7):E15.
  • Guideline on xylitol use in caries prevention. Handbook of Pediatric Dentistry. 4th ed. Chicago:American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry 2011:166–169.
  • Randhawa S, Bahna SL. Hypersensitivity reactions to food additives. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;9(3):278-283.
  • Rietschel RL , Fowler JF Jr. Fisher´s contact dermatitis.5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.
  • Ditrichova D, Kapralova S, Tichy M, Ticha V, Dobesova J, Justova E, Eber M, Pirek P. Oral lichenoid lesions and allergy to dental materials. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2007;151(2):333-339.
  • Koch P, Bahmer FA. Oral lesions and symptoms related to metals used in dental restorations: A clinical, allergological, and histologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41(3 Pt 1):422-430.
  • Torgerson RR, Davis MD, Bruce AJ, Farmer SA, Rogers RS, 3rd. Contact allergy in oral disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57(2):315-321.
  • Hoskyn J, Guin JD. Contact allergy to cinnamal in a patient with oral lichen planus. Contact Dermatitis 2005;52(3):160-161.
  • Hougeir FG, Yiannias JA, Hinni ML, Hentz JG, el-Azhary RA. Oral metal contact allergy: A pilot study on the cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Dermatol 2006;45(3):265-271.
  • Heddle R, Tao B. Guidelines for performing a skin prick test. Medicine Today 2002;3(3):67-70.
  • Smith W. Skin prick testing for the diagnosis of allergic disease. A manual for practitioners. ASCIA updated November 2013.
Year 2016, Volume: 50 Issue: 2, 61 - 69, 01.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.72103

Abstract

References

  • Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual (Twenty-first edition) (2013): Issued by the secretariat of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, FAO, Rome http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3243e/i3243e.pdf
  • Gawkrodger DJ. Investigation of reactions to dental materials. Br J Dermatol 2005;153(3):479-485.
  • Freeman S, Stephens R. Cheilitis: Analysis of 75 cases referred to a contact dermatitis clinic. Am J Contact Dermat 1999;10(4):198-200.
  • le Coz CJ, Ball C. Recurrent allergic contact dermatitis and cheilitis due to castor oil. Contact Dermatitis 2000;42(2):114-115.
  • Le Coz CJ, Bezard M. Allergic contact cheilitis due to effervescent dental cleanser: Combined responsibilities of the allergen persulfate and prosthesis porosity. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41(5):268-271.
  • Lee AY, Yoo SH, Oh JG, Kim YG. 2 cases of allergic contact cheilitis from sodium lauryl sulfate in toothpaste. Contact Dermatitis 2000;42(2):111.
  • Wray D, Rees SR, Gibson J, Forsyth A. The role of allergy in oral mucosal diseases. QJM 2000;93(8):507-511.
  • Evaluations of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) http://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfadatabase/search.aspx
  • Food Standards Agency (14 March 2012) Current EU approved additives and their E numbers. http://www.food.gov.uk/policyadvice/additivesbranch/enumberlist#.Uk6aANI72Zs
  • Jardim JJ, Alves LS, Maltz M. The history and global market of oral home-care products. Braz Oral Res 2009;23 (Suppl 1):17-22.
  • Stamm JW. Multi-function toothpastes for better oral health: A behavioural perspective. Int Dent J 2007;57(S5):351-363.
  • American Dental Association; Product Category Information, http://www.ada.org/1322.aspx
  • Wolfgang Weinert in “Oral Hygiene Products” Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim doi:10.1002/14356007.a18_209
  • Rule KL, Ebbett VR, Vikesland PJ. Formation of chloroform and chlorinated organics by freechlorine-mediated oxidation of triclosan. Environ Sci Technol 2005;39(9):3176-3185.
  • Lawrence LM, Farquharson A, Brown RS, Vatanka HO. Oral tissue irritants in toothpaste:A case report. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;38(1):75-78.
  • Abdollahi M, Rahimi R, Radfar M. Current opinion on drug-induced oral reactions: A comprehensive review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;9(3):1-15.
  • Kowitz G, Jacobson J, Meng Z, Lucatorto F. The effects of tartar-control toothpaste on the oral soft tissues. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70(4):529-536.
  • Francalanci S, Sertoli A, Giorgini S, Pigatto P, Santucci B, Valsecchi R. Multicentre study of allergic contact cheilitis from toothpastes. Contact Dermatitis 2000;43(4):216-222.
  • Anil S. Plasma cell gingivitis among herbal toothpaste users: A report of three cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007;8(4):60-66.
  • Lamey PJ, Lewis MA, Rees TD, Fowler C, Binnie WH, Forsyth A. Sensitivity reaction to the cinnamonaldehyde component of toothpaste. Br Dent J 1990;168(3):115-118.
  • Miller RL, Gould AR, Bernstein ML. Cinnamoninduced stomatitis venenata, clinical and characteristic histopathologic features. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;73(6):708-716.
  • Carranza FA. Glickman’s Clinical Periodotology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.; 2002. p.651-74
  • Herlofson BB, Barkvoll P. The effect of two toothpaste detergents on the frequency of recurrent aphthous ulcers. Acta Odontol Scand 1996;54(3):150-153.
  • Babich H, Babich JP. Sodium lauryl sulfate and triclosan: In vitro cytotoxicity studies with gingival cells. Toxicol Lett 1997;91(3):189-196.
  • Baer PN. Toothpaste allergies. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1992;16(3):230-231.
  • Barkvoll P, Rolla G. Possible effects of sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) on the oral mucosa. J Dent Res 1989;68:991.
  • Herlofson BB, Barkvoll P. Sodium lauryl sulfate and recurrent aphthous ulcers. A preliminary study. Acta Odontol Scand 1994;52(5):257-259.
  • Skaare A, Kjaerheim V, Barkvoll P, Rolla G. Skin reactions and irritation potential of four commercial toothpastes. Acta Odontol Scand 1997;55(2):133-136.
  • Ersoy M, Tanalp J, Ozel E, Cengizlier R, Soyman M. The allergy of toothpaste: A case report. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2008;36(6):368-370.
  • Zirwas MJ, Otto S. Toothpaste allergy diagnosis and management. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2010;3(5):42-47.
  • John T, Darrell K, Kathleen V, Cleef T. Chemical composition of everyday products. 2nd Edition, Green Wood publishing group Inc., USA, 2005,48-49
  • Zero DT. Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and remineralization/caries arrestment strategies. BMC Oral Health 2006;6 (Suppl 1):S9.
  • Bernstein ML. Oral mucosal white lesions associated with excessive use of listerine mouthwash. Report of two cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978;46(6):781-785.
  • Moghadam BK, Drisko CL, Gier RE. Chlorhexidine mouthwash-induced fixed drug eruption. Case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71(4):431-434.
  • Yusof WZ, Khoo SP. Mucosal sensitivity to chlorhexidine mouthwash. Singapore Dent J 1988;13(1):39-40.
  • Yusof ZA. Chlorhexidine mouthwash: A review of its pharmacological activity, clinical effects, uses and abuses. Dent J Malays 1988;10(1):9-16.
  • Kowitz GM, Lucatorto FM, Cherrick HM. Effects of mouthwashes on the oral soft tissues. J Oral Med 1976;31(2):47-50.
  • Lim J, Goh CL, Lee CT. Perioral and mucosal oedema due to contact allergy to proflavine. Contact Dermatitis 1991;25(3):195-196.
  • Mathias CG, Chappler RR, Maibach HI. Contact urticaria from cinnamic aldehyde. Arch Dermatol 1980;116(1):74-76.
  • Motley RJ. Benzydamine oral rinse and rash. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988;296(6633):1402.
  • Lim KS, Kam PC. Chlorhexidine--pharmacology and clinical applications. Anaesth Intensive Care 2008;36(4):502-512.
  • Daly B, Sharif MO, Newton T, Jones K, Worthington HV. Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 12. Art. No: CD006968. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD006968.pub2.
  • Cheung J, O’Leary JJ. Allergic reaction to chlorhexidine in an anaesthetised patient. Anaesth Intensive Care 1985;13(4):429-430.
  • Garvey LH, Roed-Petersen J, Husum B. Anaphylactic reactions in anaesthetised patients- four cases of chlorhexidine allergy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001;45(10):1290-1294.
  • Okano M, Nomura M, Hata S, Okada N, Sato K, Kitano Y, Tashiro M, Yoshimoto Y, Hama R, Aoki T. Anaphylactic symptoms due to chlorhexidine gluconate. Arch Dermatol 1989;125(1):50-52.
  • Sharma A, Chopra H. Chlorhexidine urticaria: A rare occurrence with a common mouthwash. Indian J Dent Res 2009;20(3):377-379.
  • Bergqvist-Karlsson A. Delayed and immediatetype hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine. Contact Dermatitis 1988;18(2):84-88.
  • Calogiuri GF, Di Leo E, Trautmann A, Nettis E, Ferrannini A, Vacca A. Chlorhexidine hypersensitivity: A critical and updated review. J Allergy Ther 2013;4:141.
  • Gagari E, Kabani S. Adverse effects of mouthwash use. A review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995;80(4):432-439.
  • Lachenmeier DW. Safety evaluation of topical applications of ethanol on the skin and inside the oral cavity. J Occup Med Toxicol 2008;3:26.
  • Reidy J, McHugh E, Stassen LF. A review of the relationship between alcohol and oral cancer. Surgeon 2011;9(5):278-283.
  • Bernstein ML, Carlish R. The induction of hyperkeratotic white lesions in hamster cheek pouches with mouthwash. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1979;48(6):517-522.
  • Lachenmeier DW, Gumbel-Mako S, Sohnius EM, Keck-Wilhelm A, Kratz E, Mildau G. Salivary acetaldehyde increase due to alcohol-containing mouthwash use: A risk factor for oral cancer. Int J Cancer 2009;125(3):730-735.
  • McCullough MJ, Farah CS. The role of alcohol in oral carcinogenesis with particular reference to alcohol-containing mouthwashes. Aust Dent J 2008;53(4):302-305.
  • La Vecchia C. Mouthwash and oral cancer risk: An update. Oral Oncol 2009;45(3):198-200.
  • Gandini S, Negri E, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C, Boyle P. Mouthwash and oral cancer risk quantitative meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Ann Agric Environ Med 2012;19(2):173-180.
  • Cole P, Rodu B, Mathisen A. Alcohol-containing mouthwash and oropharyngeal cancer: A review of the epidemiology. J Am Dent Assoc 2003;134(8):1079-1087.
  • Elmore JG, Horwitz RI. Oral cancer and mouthwash use: Evaluation of the epidemiologic evidence. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995;113(3):253-261.
  • Bahna P, Hanna HA, Dvorak T, Vaporciyan A, Chambers M, Raad I. Antiseptic effect of a novel alcohol-free mouthwash: A convenient prophylactic alternative for high-risk patients. Oral Oncol 2007;43(2):159-164.
  • Eldridge KR, Finnie SF, Stephens JA, Mauad AM, Munoz CA, Kettering JD. Efficacy of an alcoholfree chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an antimicrobial agent. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80(6):685-690.
  • Herrera D, Roldan S, Santacruz I, Santos S, Masdevall M, Sanz M. Differences in antimicrobial activity of four commercial 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse formulations: An in vitro contact test and salivary bacterial counts study. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30(4):307-314.
  • Almerich JM, Cabedo B, Ortola JC, Poblet J. Influence of alcohol in mouthwashes containing triclosan and zinc: An experimental gingivitis study. J Clin Periodontol 2005;32(6):539-544.
  • Addy M, Perriam E, Sterry A. Effects of sugared and sugar-free chewing gum on the accumulation of plaque and debris on the teeth. J Clin Periodontol 1982;9(4):346-354.
  • Elman ES. Gum chewing and the temporomandibular joint. J Am Dent Assoc 1965;71(6):1416-1418.
  • Leach SA, Lee GT, Edgar WM. Remineralization of artificial caries-like lesions in human enamel in situ by chewing sorbitol gum. J Dent Res 1989;68(6):1064-1068.
  • Imfeld T. Chewing gum--facts and fiction: A review of gum-chewing and oral health. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1999;10(3):405-419.
  • Ly KA, Milgrom P, Rothen M. The potential of dental-protective chewing gum in oral health interventions. J Am Dent Assoc 2008;139(5):553-563.
  • Ly KA, Milgrom P, Rothen M. Xylitol, sweeteners, and dental caries. Pediatr Dent 2006;28(2):154-163; discussion 192-158.
  • Burt BA. The use of sorbitol- and xylitolsweetened chewing gum in caries control. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137(2):190-196.
  • FDA No Calories. Sweet! [Last accessed on 2011 Feb 1]. Available from:http://www.fda.gov/fdac/ features/2006/406_sweeteners.html.
  • Deshpande A, Jadad AR. The impact of polyolcontaining chewing gums on dental caries:A systematic review of original randomized controlled trials and observational studies. J Am Dent Assoc 2008;139(12):1602-1614.
  • Raben A, Richelsen B. Artificial sweeteners: A place in the field of functional foods? Focus on obesity and related metabolic disorders. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2012;15(6):597-604.
  • Aguirre-Zero O, Zero DT, Proskin HM. Effect of chewing xylitol chewing gum on salivary flow rate and the acidogenic potential of dental plaque. Caries Res 1993;27(1):55-59.
  • Nadimi H, Wesamaa H, Janket SJ, Bollu P, Meurman JH. Are sugar-free confections really beneficial for dental health? Br Dent J 2011;211(7):E15.
  • Guideline on xylitol use in caries prevention. Handbook of Pediatric Dentistry. 4th ed. Chicago:American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry 2011:166–169.
  • Randhawa S, Bahna SL. Hypersensitivity reactions to food additives. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;9(3):278-283.
  • Rietschel RL , Fowler JF Jr. Fisher´s contact dermatitis.5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.
  • Ditrichova D, Kapralova S, Tichy M, Ticha V, Dobesova J, Justova E, Eber M, Pirek P. Oral lichenoid lesions and allergy to dental materials. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2007;151(2):333-339.
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There are 84 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Damla Tuncer Budanur

Murat Cengizhan Yaş This is me

Elif Sepet

Publication Date April 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 50 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tuncer Budanur, D., Yaş, M. C., & Sepet, E. (2016). POTENTIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FOOD ADDITIVES IN ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, 50(2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.72103
AMA Tuncer Budanur D, Yaş MC, Sepet E. POTENTIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FOOD ADDITIVES IN ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. April 2016;50(2):61-69. doi:10.17096/jiufd.72103
Chicago Tuncer Budanur, Damla, Murat Cengizhan Yaş, and Elif Sepet. “POTENTIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FOOD ADDITIVES IN ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 50, no. 2 (April 2016): 61-69. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.72103.
EndNote Tuncer Budanur D, Yaş MC, Sepet E (April 1, 2016) POTENTIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FOOD ADDITIVES IN ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 50 2 61–69.
IEEE D. Tuncer Budanur, M. C. Yaş, and E. Sepet, “POTENTIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FOOD ADDITIVES IN ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS”, J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 61–69, 2016, doi: 10.17096/jiufd.72103.
ISNAD Tuncer Budanur, Damla et al. “POTENTIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FOOD ADDITIVES IN ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 50/2 (April 2016), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.72103.
JAMA Tuncer Budanur D, Yaş MC, Sepet E. POTENTIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FOOD ADDITIVES IN ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. 2016;50:61–69.
MLA Tuncer Budanur, Damla et al. “POTENTIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FOOD ADDITIVES IN ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, vol. 50, no. 2, 2016, pp. 61-69, doi:10.17096/jiufd.72103.
Vancouver Tuncer Budanur D, Yaş MC, Sepet E. POTENTIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FOOD ADDITIVES IN ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. 2016;50(2):61-9.