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Yükseköğretim Kurumları Sınavı Temel Yeterlilik Testi Türkçe Sorularının Okunabilirliği

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 662 - 683, 29.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1530086

Abstract

Okunabilirlik, metinlerin ölçülebilir nicel özelliklerindendir. Okunabilirlik, bir metnin okunmasının ne kadar kolay ya da zor olduğu hakkında bilgi verir. Bu bilgi dersler ve sınavlar için uygun metinlerin belirlenmesinde yardımcı olabilir. Türkçe metinlerin okunabilirliğini belirlemede yaygın olarak kullanılan Ateşman, Çetinkaya-Uzun ve Bezirci-Yılmaz olmak üzere 3 formül vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2019 ile 2023 yılları arasında yapılan Yükseköğretim Kurumları Sınavı, Temel Yeterlilik Testindeki Türkçe sorularının okunabilirliklerini Ateşman ve Bezirci-Yılmaz formülleri ile belirlemektir. Veri kümesini her yıldan 40 olmak üzere, 2019-2023 arası sorulan toplam 200 Türkçe sorusu oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulardan çalışmada kullanılan iki formülün tutarlı olduğu ve formüllerdeki okunabilirlik seviyelerinin benzerlik gösterdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Okunabilirlik formüllerine göre 2019 yılı sorularının en kolay, 2021 yılı sorularının ise en zor okunabilirlik seviyesine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Soru türlerindeki soru sayılarının yıllara göre değişkenlik gösterdiği, ses bilgisi sorularının en kolay, cümlede anlam sorularının ise en zor okunabilirlik seviyesine sahip soru türü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Soruların ağırlıklı olarak Ateşman formülüne göre zor seviyede, Bezirci-Yılmaz formülüne göre ise akademik seviyede olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Allan, S., McGhee, M., & Krienken, R. (2005). Using readability formulae for examination questions. Unpublished report commissioned by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a82217fe5274a2e8ab57a73/0305_SimonAllan_et_al_using_readability_formulae_for_examination_questions.pdf (February 13, 2024).
  • Ateşman, E. (1997). Türkçede okunabilirliğin ölçülmesi. Dil Dergisi, (58): 71-74.
  • Begeny, J. C., & Greene, D. J. (2014). Can readability formulas be used to successfully gauge difficulty of reading materials? Psychology in the Schools, 51(2): 198-215. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21740
  • Bezirci, B., & Yılmaz, A. E. (2010). A software library for measurement of readability of texts and a new readability metric for Turkish. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 12(3): 49-62. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deumffmd/issue/40831/492667
  • Bozkurt, M. Yangil, M. K., & Kösecioğulları, U. (2022). 2021 LGS Türkçe sorularının okunabilirlik açısından değerlendirilmesi. International Journal of Language Academy, 10(4): 97-107. https://doi.org/10.29228/ijla.64849
  • Budak, Y. (2005). Metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeyinin saptanmasına yönelik eleştirel bir bakış. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 21: 76-87. https://ejer.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ejer_2005_issue_21.pdf
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sınavlar üzerine düşünceler. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2): 345-356. http://www.kalemacademy.com/Cms_Data/Contents/KalemAcademyDB/Folders/SayiMakaleleri/~contents/MXT2L44R7L8HB5U6/2016-kalemueibd-11-kissayisi-makale-001-11.pdf
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (15. baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  • Çetinkaya, G. (2010). Identifying and classifying the readability levels of the Turkish texts. [Published Doctoral Thesis]. Ankara University, Ankara.
  • Deale, R. N. (1975). Assessment and testing in secondary school. Council Examinations Bulletin, 32: 19-27. Demir, T. (2008). İlköğretim yedinci Class Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeylerinin tespit edilmesine yönelik bir değerlendirme. 1-3 Eylül 2008 Sakarya, XVII. Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi, Sakarya Üniversitesi.
  • Dubay, W. H. (2004). The principles of readability. Impact Information.
  • Duff, D. (2019). The effect of vocabulary intervention on text comprehension: Who benefits? Language, speech, and hearing services in schools, 50(4): 562-578. https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_LSHSS-VOIA-18-0001
  • Durukan, E. (2014). Metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeyleri ile öğrencilerin okuma becerileri arsındaki ilişki. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 2(3), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.26659
  • Eşme, İ. (2014). Transition to higher education in Turkey. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 4(3): 148-157. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/yuksekogretim/issue/41152/497500
  • Grape, C. (February 6, 2024). How to improve readability score [Use AI & other tools]. Retrieved from https://www.wordtune.com/blog/increase-readability
  • Güneş, E. (2023). Examination of high school transition system (LGS) science course questions according to the renovated bloom taxonomy and levels of readability. [Published Master Thesis]. Balıkesir University, Balıkesir.
  • Keskinkılıç, F., & Karataş, S. (2023). The relationship between readability and text design in educational websites. Kastamonu Education Journal, 31(4): 600-610. https://doi.org/10.24106/KEFDERGI-2023-0070
  • Kılcı, E. (2003). University admission exam system and its effect. Educational Administration in Theory and Practice, 33: 108-131. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kuey/issue/10364/126868
  • Kösecioğulları, U., Sarıçam, İ., & Topçuoğlu Ünal, F. (2020). 2019-LGS Türkçe sorularının okunabilirlik açısından incelenmesi. International Journal of Language Academy, 8(3): 200-206. https://doi.org/10.29228/ijlet.44064
  • Lüle Mert, E. (2013). The readability of the texts in the Turkish textbooks in Turkey. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 9(3): 87-98. https://doi.org/10.17860/efd.14421
  • ÖSYM. (2024). Yükseköğretim Kurumları Sınavı. https://www.osym.gov.tr/TR,29144/2024.html
  • Özcan, E. (2013). The readibility of the course book used for the 6.-7. grade Turkish and Turk culture course and its eligibility to the target learners’ age level: A case from France. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 1(2): 16-24. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.76112
  • Reyhanlıoğlu, Ç., & Tiryaki, İ. (2021). An overview of the assessment and evaluation practices carried out in Turkey. International Journal of Turkish Educational Studies, (16): 70-93. https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.766689
  • Sarıçam, İ., Kösecioğulları, U., & Bozkurt, M. (2021). 2020-LGS Türkçe sorularının okunabilirlik açısından incelenmesi. International Journal of Language Academy, 9(1): 321-333. https://doi.org/10.29228/ijla.49671
  • Solmaz, E. (2009). The effects of sentence lenght, word lenght and vocabulary items on readability of Turkish text in 4th and 5th grade students. [Published Master Thesis]. Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Şimşek, S. (2000). Fen bilimlerinde değerlendirmenin önemi. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 148. https://dhgm.meb.gov.tr/yayimlar/dergiler/Milli_Egitim_Dergisi/148/icindekiler.htm
  • Tennent, W. (2014). Understanding reading comprehension: Processes and practices. Sage Publications. Texthelp. (February 5, 2024). What is readability? Retrieved from https://www.texthelp.com/resources/digital accessibility-guide/what-is-readability/
  • Tezbaşaran, A. A. (1994). ÖSYS testlerinde yoklanmak istenen bilişsel davranışlar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 10: 79-84. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hunefd/issue/7827/102913
  • Ulusoy, M. (2009). Using cloze test to measure students’ reading levels and readability of texts. The Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 7(1): 105-126. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tebd/issue/26140/275303
  • Vajjala, S., & Meurers, D. (2014). Readability assessment for text simplification: From analysing documents to identifying sentential simplifications. ITL-International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 165(2): 194-222. https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.165.2.04vaj
  • West, J. (February 6, 2024). Readability of text. Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/view/all-about-reading-joycewest/determing-the-readability-of-text

Readability Of Higher Education Institutions Exam Basic Proficiency Test Turkish Questions

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 662 - 683, 29.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1530086

Abstract

Readability is a measurable quantitative feature of texts. Readability gives information about how easy or difficult a text is to read. This information can help decide appropriate texts for courses and exams. There are 3 formulas, called Ateşman, Çetinkaya-Uzun, and Bezirci-Yılmaz, which are widely used in determining the readability of Turkish texts. The purpose of this study is to determine the readability of the Turkish questions in the Higher Education Institutions Exam, the Basic Proficiency Test conducted between 2019-2023 with Ateşman and Bezirci-Yılmaz formulas. The dataset consists of a total of 200 questions, 40 from each year, asked between 2019 and 2023. According to the findings, it was revealed that both formulas used in the study were consistent and the readability levels of the formulas were similar. According to the used formulas, it was observed that the questions in 2019 were the easiest and the test questions in 2021 were the most difficult to read. It has been determined that the number of questions in question types varies over the years, phonics questions are the question type with the easiest, and questions related to sentence meaning are the most difficult readability level. It was concluded that the questions were mainly at the difficult level according to the Ateşman formula, and at the academic level according to the Bezirci-Yılmaz formula.

References

  • Allan, S., McGhee, M., & Krienken, R. (2005). Using readability formulae for examination questions. Unpublished report commissioned by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a82217fe5274a2e8ab57a73/0305_SimonAllan_et_al_using_readability_formulae_for_examination_questions.pdf (February 13, 2024).
  • Ateşman, E. (1997). Türkçede okunabilirliğin ölçülmesi. Dil Dergisi, (58): 71-74.
  • Begeny, J. C., & Greene, D. J. (2014). Can readability formulas be used to successfully gauge difficulty of reading materials? Psychology in the Schools, 51(2): 198-215. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21740
  • Bezirci, B., & Yılmaz, A. E. (2010). A software library for measurement of readability of texts and a new readability metric for Turkish. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 12(3): 49-62. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deumffmd/issue/40831/492667
  • Bozkurt, M. Yangil, M. K., & Kösecioğulları, U. (2022). 2021 LGS Türkçe sorularının okunabilirlik açısından değerlendirilmesi. International Journal of Language Academy, 10(4): 97-107. https://doi.org/10.29228/ijla.64849
  • Budak, Y. (2005). Metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeyinin saptanmasına yönelik eleştirel bir bakış. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 21: 76-87. https://ejer.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ejer_2005_issue_21.pdf
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sınavlar üzerine düşünceler. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2): 345-356. http://www.kalemacademy.com/Cms_Data/Contents/KalemAcademyDB/Folders/SayiMakaleleri/~contents/MXT2L44R7L8HB5U6/2016-kalemueibd-11-kissayisi-makale-001-11.pdf
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (15. baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  • Çetinkaya, G. (2010). Identifying and classifying the readability levels of the Turkish texts. [Published Doctoral Thesis]. Ankara University, Ankara.
  • Deale, R. N. (1975). Assessment and testing in secondary school. Council Examinations Bulletin, 32: 19-27. Demir, T. (2008). İlköğretim yedinci Class Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeylerinin tespit edilmesine yönelik bir değerlendirme. 1-3 Eylül 2008 Sakarya, XVII. Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi, Sakarya Üniversitesi.
  • Dubay, W. H. (2004). The principles of readability. Impact Information.
  • Duff, D. (2019). The effect of vocabulary intervention on text comprehension: Who benefits? Language, speech, and hearing services in schools, 50(4): 562-578. https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_LSHSS-VOIA-18-0001
  • Durukan, E. (2014). Metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeyleri ile öğrencilerin okuma becerileri arsındaki ilişki. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 2(3), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.26659
  • Eşme, İ. (2014). Transition to higher education in Turkey. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 4(3): 148-157. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/yuksekogretim/issue/41152/497500
  • Grape, C. (February 6, 2024). How to improve readability score [Use AI & other tools]. Retrieved from https://www.wordtune.com/blog/increase-readability
  • Güneş, E. (2023). Examination of high school transition system (LGS) science course questions according to the renovated bloom taxonomy and levels of readability. [Published Master Thesis]. Balıkesir University, Balıkesir.
  • Keskinkılıç, F., & Karataş, S. (2023). The relationship between readability and text design in educational websites. Kastamonu Education Journal, 31(4): 600-610. https://doi.org/10.24106/KEFDERGI-2023-0070
  • Kılcı, E. (2003). University admission exam system and its effect. Educational Administration in Theory and Practice, 33: 108-131. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kuey/issue/10364/126868
  • Kösecioğulları, U., Sarıçam, İ., & Topçuoğlu Ünal, F. (2020). 2019-LGS Türkçe sorularının okunabilirlik açısından incelenmesi. International Journal of Language Academy, 8(3): 200-206. https://doi.org/10.29228/ijlet.44064
  • Lüle Mert, E. (2013). The readability of the texts in the Turkish textbooks in Turkey. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 9(3): 87-98. https://doi.org/10.17860/efd.14421
  • ÖSYM. (2024). Yükseköğretim Kurumları Sınavı. https://www.osym.gov.tr/TR,29144/2024.html
  • Özcan, E. (2013). The readibility of the course book used for the 6.-7. grade Turkish and Turk culture course and its eligibility to the target learners’ age level: A case from France. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 1(2): 16-24. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.76112
  • Reyhanlıoğlu, Ç., & Tiryaki, İ. (2021). An overview of the assessment and evaluation practices carried out in Turkey. International Journal of Turkish Educational Studies, (16): 70-93. https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.766689
  • Sarıçam, İ., Kösecioğulları, U., & Bozkurt, M. (2021). 2020-LGS Türkçe sorularının okunabilirlik açısından incelenmesi. International Journal of Language Academy, 9(1): 321-333. https://doi.org/10.29228/ijla.49671
  • Solmaz, E. (2009). The effects of sentence lenght, word lenght and vocabulary items on readability of Turkish text in 4th and 5th grade students. [Published Master Thesis]. Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Şimşek, S. (2000). Fen bilimlerinde değerlendirmenin önemi. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 148. https://dhgm.meb.gov.tr/yayimlar/dergiler/Milli_Egitim_Dergisi/148/icindekiler.htm
  • Tennent, W. (2014). Understanding reading comprehension: Processes and practices. Sage Publications. Texthelp. (February 5, 2024). What is readability? Retrieved from https://www.texthelp.com/resources/digital accessibility-guide/what-is-readability/
  • Tezbaşaran, A. A. (1994). ÖSYS testlerinde yoklanmak istenen bilişsel davranışlar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 10: 79-84. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hunefd/issue/7827/102913
  • Ulusoy, M. (2009). Using cloze test to measure students’ reading levels and readability of texts. The Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 7(1): 105-126. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tebd/issue/26140/275303
  • Vajjala, S., & Meurers, D. (2014). Readability assessment for text simplification: From analysing documents to identifying sentential simplifications. ITL-International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 165(2): 194-222. https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.165.2.04vaj
  • West, J. (February 6, 2024). Readability of text. Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/view/all-about-reading-joycewest/determing-the-readability-of-text
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Linguistics (Other), Turkish Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Fatih Karaca 0000-0002-7612-1437

Münir Şahin 0000-0001-5722-496X

Early Pub Date October 29, 2024
Publication Date October 29, 2024
Submission Date August 8, 2024
Acceptance Date October 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karaca, M. F., & Şahin, M. (2024). Readability Of Higher Education Institutions Exam Basic Proficiency Test Turkish Questions. Journal of Language Education and Research, 10(2), 662-683. https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1530086

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Journal of Language Education and Research (JLERE)
Dil Eğitimi ve Araştırmaları Dergisi

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ISSN: 2149-5602
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