Case Report
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Year 2017, Volume: 07 Issue: 04, 207 - 212, 01.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.369276

Abstract

References

  • 1. Mignogna MD, Fortuna G, Leuci S, et al. Mucormycosis in immunocompetent patients: a case-series of patients with maxillary sinus involvement and a critical review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis 2011; 15(8): e533-40. 2. Chakrabarti A, Ghosh A, Prasad GS, et al. Apophysomyces elegans: an emerging zygomycete in India. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41(2):783-788. 3. Pillsbury HC, Fischer ND. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Arch Otolaryngol 1977; 103:600-4. 4. Parsi K, Itgampalli RK, Vittal R, Kumar A. Perineural spread of rhino-orbitocerebral mucourmycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2013;16(3):414-7. 5. Okhuysen PC, Rex JH, Kapusta M, Fife C. Successful treatment of extensive posttraumatic soft tissue and renal infection due to Apophysomyces elegans. Clin Infect Dis 1994;19:329-31 6. Radner AB, Witt MD, Edwards JE Jr. Acute invasive rhinocerebral zygomycosis in an otherwise healthy patient: case report and review. Clin Infect dis. 1995; 20(1):163-166. 7. Brown SR, Shah IA, Grinstead M. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Am J Rhinol. 1998; 12(4):289-292. 8. Fairley C, Sullivan TJ, Bartley P, Allworth T, Lewandowski R. Survival after rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in an immunocompetent patient. Ophthalmology. 2000; 107(3):555-558. 
9. Rao SS, Panda NK, Pragache G, Chakrabarti A, Saravanan K. Sinoorbital mucormycosis due to Apophysomyces elegans in immunocompetent individuals-an increasing trend. Am J Otolaryngol. 2006; 27(5): 366-369 10. Schütz P, Behbehani JH, Khan ZU, et al. Fatal rhino-orbito-cerebral zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans in a healthy patient. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64(12):1795-802. 11. Garcia-Covarrubias L, Bartlett R, Barratt DM, Wassermann RJ. Rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis attributable to Apophysomyces elegans in an immunocompetent individual: case report and review of the literature. J Trauma 2001; 50(2):353-7. 12. Prabhu RM, Patel R. Mucormycosis and entomophthoramycosis: a review of the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004;10 Suppl 1:31-47. 13. Chakrabarti A, Panda N, Varma SC, et al. Craniofacial Zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Mycoses 1997;40(11-12): 419 - 21. 14. Biswas D, Kotwal A, Kakati B, Ahmad S. Amphotericin B Resistant Apophysomyces elegans Causing Rhino-oculo-Cerebral Mucormycosis in an immunocompetent host. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9(8):DD01-2. 15. Liang KP, Tleyjeh IM, Wilson WR, Robert GD, Temesgen Z. Rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44(3):892-8. 16. Kimura M, Smith MB, McGinnis MR. Zygomycosis due to Apophysomyces elegans: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1999;123(5):386–90. 
 17. Gomes MZ, Lewis RE, Kontoyiannis DP. Mucormycosis caused by unusual mucormycetes, non-Rhizopus, Mucor and Lichtheimia species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011; 24(2):411-445. 18. Chakrabarti A, Shivaprakash MR, Curfs-Breuker I, Baghela A, Klaassen CH, Meis JF.Apophysomyces elegans: epidemiology, amplified fragment length polymorphism typing, and in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern. J. Clin. Microbiol 2010; 48:4580-4585.

Apophysomyces elegans Caused Rhino-Orbito Mucormycosis: An Emerging Infection in Immunocompetent Individuals

Year 2017, Volume: 07 Issue: 04, 207 - 212, 01.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.369276

Abstract

Mucormycosis is a rare
necrotizing angioinvasive infection caused by fungi of the class Zygomycetes
(order Mucorales). It predominantly occurs in immunocompromised/ predisposed
individuals. Recent surge in its incidence in healthy individuals has emphasized
the need to reconsider our age-old presumption of 'mucormycosis as a classical
opportunistic infection'. Apophysomyces elegans has emerged as a pathogen
causing invasive Rhino-Orbitocerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM), mostly in
immunocompetent individuals. Mostly resistant to commonly used azoles and
echinocandins, management of A elegans
associated ROCM solely depends on radical debridement and Amphotericin B.
Recent reports of Amphotericin B resistant A
elegans
strains is disturbing. Till date only 12 cases of ROCM in
immunocompetent/ otherwise healthy individuals attributable to A elegans has been reported.



Our main objective is to
delineate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of
immunocompentent/ otherwise healthy individuals suffering from A elegans caused ROCM. We also report
four new cases of A. elagans caused ROCM.
J Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 7(4):207-212

References

  • 1. Mignogna MD, Fortuna G, Leuci S, et al. Mucormycosis in immunocompetent patients: a case-series of patients with maxillary sinus involvement and a critical review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis 2011; 15(8): e533-40. 2. Chakrabarti A, Ghosh A, Prasad GS, et al. Apophysomyces elegans: an emerging zygomycete in India. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41(2):783-788. 3. Pillsbury HC, Fischer ND. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Arch Otolaryngol 1977; 103:600-4. 4. Parsi K, Itgampalli RK, Vittal R, Kumar A. Perineural spread of rhino-orbitocerebral mucourmycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2013;16(3):414-7. 5. Okhuysen PC, Rex JH, Kapusta M, Fife C. Successful treatment of extensive posttraumatic soft tissue and renal infection due to Apophysomyces elegans. Clin Infect Dis 1994;19:329-31 6. Radner AB, Witt MD, Edwards JE Jr. Acute invasive rhinocerebral zygomycosis in an otherwise healthy patient: case report and review. Clin Infect dis. 1995; 20(1):163-166. 7. Brown SR, Shah IA, Grinstead M. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Am J Rhinol. 1998; 12(4):289-292. 8. Fairley C, Sullivan TJ, Bartley P, Allworth T, Lewandowski R. Survival after rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in an immunocompetent patient. Ophthalmology. 2000; 107(3):555-558. 
9. Rao SS, Panda NK, Pragache G, Chakrabarti A, Saravanan K. Sinoorbital mucormycosis due to Apophysomyces elegans in immunocompetent individuals-an increasing trend. Am J Otolaryngol. 2006; 27(5): 366-369 10. Schütz P, Behbehani JH, Khan ZU, et al. Fatal rhino-orbito-cerebral zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans in a healthy patient. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64(12):1795-802. 11. Garcia-Covarrubias L, Bartlett R, Barratt DM, Wassermann RJ. Rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis attributable to Apophysomyces elegans in an immunocompetent individual: case report and review of the literature. J Trauma 2001; 50(2):353-7. 12. Prabhu RM, Patel R. Mucormycosis and entomophthoramycosis: a review of the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004;10 Suppl 1:31-47. 13. Chakrabarti A, Panda N, Varma SC, et al. Craniofacial Zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Mycoses 1997;40(11-12): 419 - 21. 14. Biswas D, Kotwal A, Kakati B, Ahmad S. Amphotericin B Resistant Apophysomyces elegans Causing Rhino-oculo-Cerebral Mucormycosis in an immunocompetent host. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9(8):DD01-2. 15. Liang KP, Tleyjeh IM, Wilson WR, Robert GD, Temesgen Z. Rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44(3):892-8. 16. Kimura M, Smith MB, McGinnis MR. Zygomycosis due to Apophysomyces elegans: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1999;123(5):386–90. 
 17. Gomes MZ, Lewis RE, Kontoyiannis DP. Mucormycosis caused by unusual mucormycetes, non-Rhizopus, Mucor and Lichtheimia species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011; 24(2):411-445. 18. Chakrabarti A, Shivaprakash MR, Curfs-Breuker I, Baghela A, Klaassen CH, Meis JF.Apophysomyces elegans: epidemiology, amplified fragment length polymorphism typing, and in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern. J. Clin. Microbiol 2010; 48:4580-4585.
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Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Case Report
Authors

N. Dhaneshwor Singh This is me

Nishi Sharma This is me

Lobzang Dawa This is me

Shalini Malhotra This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 07 Issue: 04

Cite

APA Singh, N. D., Sharma, N., Dawa, L., Malhotra, S. (2017). Apophysomyces elegans Caused Rhino-Orbito Mucormycosis: An Emerging Infection in Immunocompetent Individuals. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 07(04), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.369276
AMA Singh ND, Sharma N, Dawa L, Malhotra S. Apophysomyces elegans Caused Rhino-Orbito Mucormycosis: An Emerging Infection in Immunocompetent Individuals. J Microbil Infect Dis. December 2017;07(04):207-212. doi:10.5799/jmid.369276
Chicago Singh, N. Dhaneshwor, Nishi Sharma, Lobzang Dawa, and Shalini Malhotra. “Apophysomyces Elegans Caused Rhino-Orbito Mucormycosis: An Emerging Infection in Immunocompetent Individuals”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 07, no. 04 (December 2017): 207-12. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.369276.
EndNote Singh ND, Sharma N, Dawa L, Malhotra S (December 1, 2017) Apophysomyces elegans Caused Rhino-Orbito Mucormycosis: An Emerging Infection in Immunocompetent Individuals. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 07 04 207–212.
IEEE N. D. Singh, N. Sharma, L. Dawa, and S. Malhotra, “Apophysomyces elegans Caused Rhino-Orbito Mucormycosis: An Emerging Infection in Immunocompetent Individuals”, J Microbil Infect Dis, vol. 07, no. 04, pp. 207–212, 2017, doi: 10.5799/jmid.369276.
ISNAD Singh, N. Dhaneshwor et al. “Apophysomyces Elegans Caused Rhino-Orbito Mucormycosis: An Emerging Infection in Immunocompetent Individuals”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 07/04 (December 2017), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.369276.
JAMA Singh ND, Sharma N, Dawa L, Malhotra S. Apophysomyces elegans Caused Rhino-Orbito Mucormycosis: An Emerging Infection in Immunocompetent Individuals. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2017;07:207–212.
MLA Singh, N. Dhaneshwor et al. “Apophysomyces Elegans Caused Rhino-Orbito Mucormycosis: An Emerging Infection in Immunocompetent Individuals”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, vol. 07, no. 04, 2017, pp. 207-12, doi:10.5799/jmid.369276.
Vancouver Singh ND, Sharma N, Dawa L, Malhotra S. Apophysomyces elegans Caused Rhino-Orbito Mucormycosis: An Emerging Infection in Immunocompetent Individuals. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2017;07(04):207-12.