jnse Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering 1304-2025 Millî Savunma Üniversitesi 10.56850/jnse.1780952 Industrial Engineering Manufacturing Management Technology Management and Business Models Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering (Other) Endüstri Mühendisliği İmalat Yönetimi Teknoloji Yönetimi ve İş Modelleri Üretim ve Endüstri Mühendisliği (Diğer) GİRİŞİMCİLİK ARAŞTIRMA EĞİLİMLERİNİN AĞ VERİ HARİTALARI ARACILIĞIYLA KAPSAMLI BİR ANALİZİ A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH TRENDS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH NETWORK DATA MAPS https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0985-8148 Bölükbaş Ufuk YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MAKİNE FAKÜLTESİ, ENDÜSTRİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, ENDÜSTRİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ PR. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7907-6328 Sönmez Mustafa YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MAKİNE FAKÜLTESİ, ENDÜSTRİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, ENDÜSTRİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ ANABİLİM DALI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-0763 Gül Nezihe Nazlı Wageningen University & Research https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2227-0063 Biderci Hilal YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MAKİNE FAKÜLTESİ, ENDÜSTRİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİ PR. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2525-7278 Guneri Ali Fuat YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MAKİNE FAKÜLTESİ, ENDÜSTRİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, ENDÜSTRİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ PR. Advanced Online Publication 23 67 09 09 2025 12 15 2025 Copyright © 2003, Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering 2003 Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering

Bu çalışma, araştırma literatüründe görsel veri sınıflandırması için pratik bir araç olarak önerilen ağ veri haritalarının rolünü, girişimcilik disiplinine odaklanarak incelemektedir. Çalışmada, yazarların yayınlarında tanımladıkları anahtar kelimeler analiz edilerek güncel araştırma eğilimlerinin tespit edilmesine odaklanılmaktadır. Web of Science'taki (WoS) bibliyografik veriler, 2010-2023 yılları arasında Sosyal Bilimler Atıf Dizini (SSCI), Genişletilmiş Bilim Atıf Dizini (SCI-E) ve Sanat ve Beşeri Bilimler Atıf Dizini'nde (A&HCI) indekslenen yayınlar ile elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada, analiz edilen grup ("girişimcilik") içindeki kapsamlı veritabanı sonuçlarına dayanarak anahtar kelimelerin var olma veya frekans değerleri ile toplam bağlantı güçlerinin grafiksel gösterimlerini oluşturmak için VOSviewer yazılımı kullanılmaktadır. Girişimcilik yönetimi alanı, girişimcilik ekosistemindeki gelişmeler, çeşitli eğilimler ve kavramlar sayesinde önemli bir ilerleme göstermektedir. Temel bulgular; inovasyon, sosyal girişimcilik, girişimcilik eğitimi ve girişimcilik niyetinin girişimcilik literatüründe en sık alıntılanan anahtar kelimeler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Önemli bulguların görselleştirilmiş halleri, bu alandaki araştırmacıların dikkatine sunulmaktadır. Farklı bir bakış açısı sunmak amacıyla girişimcilik ile makine mühendisliği arasındaki potansiyel ilişki de mevcut veritabanı kullanılarak detaylı bir şekilde analiz edilmektedir.

The paper explores the role of network data maps as a practical tool for visual data classification in complex research literature, focusing on the discipline of entrepreneurship. This paper takes a closer viewpoint at contemporary research trends by analysing keywords defined by the authors in their publications. The bibliographic data from the Web of Science is investigated for indexed publications in the Social Sciences Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index between 2010 and 2023. The study utilises VOSviewer to generate graphical representations of occurrences and total link strengths based on the comprehensive database results within the analysed group (“entrepreneurship”). The field of entrepreneurship management shows considerable progress due to developments, trends, and concepts in the entrepreneurship ecosystem. Key findings reveal that innovation, social entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, and entrepreneurial intention are the most frequently cited keywords in entrepreneurship literature. The visualisations of important findings are demonstrated to the attention of the researchers in the field. As a further study, the potential relationship between entrepreneurship and mechanical engineering is analysed.

 Entrepreneurship Incubation Centre Innovation Management Network Data Maps Technology Management Girişimcilik Kuluçka Merkezi İnovasyon Yönetimi Ağ Veri Haritaları Teknoloji Yönetimi Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK) 122G192 Acs, ZJ., Stam, E., Audretsch, DB., & O’Connor, A. (2017). “The lineages of the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach”. Small Business Economics, 49(1), pp. 1-10. Adro, F.D., & Fernandes, C. (2022). “Social entrepreneurship and social innovation: Looking inside the box and moving out of it” Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 35(4), pp. 704-730. Ahmed, T., Chandran, V. G. R., Klobas, J. E., Liñán, F., & Kokkalis, P. (2020). “Entrepreneurship education programmes: How learning, inspiration and resources affect intentions for new venture creation in a developing economy”. International Journal of Management Education, 18(1), 100327. Alvord, S. H., Brown, L. D., & Letts, C. W. (2004). “Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation: An exploratory study”. The Journal of Applied Behavioural Science, 40(3), pp. 260-282. Audretsch, D. B. (2007). “Entrepreneurship capital and economic growth”. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23(1), pp. 63–78. Azadnia, A. H., Stephens, S., Ghadimi, P., & Onofrei, G. (2022). “A comprehensive performance measurement framework for business incubation centres: Empirical evidence in an Irish context”. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(5), pp. 2437-2455. Azam Roomi, M., Harrison, P., & Beaumont‐Kerridge, J. (2009). “Women‐owned small and medium enterprises in England: Analysis of factors influencing the growth process”. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16(2), pp. 270-288. Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). “The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta-analytic review”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), pp. 217-254. Becker, G. S., Murphy, K. M., & Tamura, R. (1990). “Human capital, fertility, and economic growth”. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), pp. 12–37. Bican, P. M., & Brem, A. (2020). “Digital business model, digital transformation, digital entrepreneurship: Is there a sustainable “digital” ?”. Sustainability, 12(13), 5239. Bird, B. (1988). “Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention”. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), pp. 442-453. Bischoff, K., Volkmann, C. K., & Audretsch, D. B. (2018). “Stakeholder collaboration in entrepreneurship education: an analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystems of European higher educational institutions”. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 43, pp. 20-46. Bogren, M., von Friedrichs, Y., Rennemo, Ø., & Widding, Ø. (2013). “Networking women entrepreneurs: fruitful for business growth?”. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(1), pp. 60-77. Bosma, N. (2013). “The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and its impact on entrepreneurship research”. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 9(2), pp. 143–248. Bouncken, R.B. & Kraus, S., (2022). “Entrepreneurial ecosystems in an interconnected world: emergence, governance and digitalization”. Review of Managerial Science, 16(1), pp. 1–14. Brown, R., Mawson, S., & Rowe, A., (2019). “Start-ups, entrepreneurial networks and equity crowdfunding: A processual perspective”. Industrial Marketing Management, 80, pp. 115-125. Brunhaver, S. R., Lande, M., Sheppard, S. D., & Edward Carryer, J. (2012). “Fostering an enterprising learning ecology for engineers”. International Journal of Engineering Education, 28(2), 355. Busulwa, R., Birdthistle, N., & Dunn, S. (2020). Startup Accelerators: A Field Guide. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 25 p. Cardella, G.M., Hernández-Sánchez, B.R., Monteiro, A.A. & Sánchez-García, J.C. (2021). “Social entrepreneurship research: Intellectual structures and future perspectives”. Sustainability, 13(14), 7532. Cavallo, A., Ghezzi, A., & Balocco, R. (2019). “Entrepreneurial ecosystem research: present debates and future directions”. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(4), pp. 1291-1321. Cobo, M.J., López‐Herrera, A.G., Herrera‐Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). “Science mapping software tools: Review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(7), pp. 1382-1402. Cohen, B., & Winn, M.I. (2007). “Market imperfections, opportunity and sustainable entrepreneurship”. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), pp. 29-49. Covin, J.G., & Slevin, D.P. (1991). “A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(1), pp. 7-26. Cubero, J.N., Gbadegeshin, S.A., & Consolacion, C. (2021). “Commercialization of disruptive innovations: Literature review and proposal for a process framework”. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 5(3), pp. 127-144. DeTienne, D.R., & Chandler, G.N. (2004). “Opportunity identification and its role in the entrepreneurial classroom: A pedagogical approach and empirical test”. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(3), pp. 242–257. Deveci, M., Kuvvetli, Y., & Akyurt, İ. Z. (2020). “Survey on military operations of fuzzy set theory and its applications”. Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering, 16(2), 117-141. Dey, P. (2014). Governing the social through ‘social entrepreneurship’: A Foucauldian view of the ‘art of governing’ in advanced liberalism. Social Innovation & Social Entrepreneurship: Context and Theories, Tilde University Press, Melbourne, Australia, 55 p. Dichter, G., & EBN Teams. (2010). “The Smart Guide to Innovation-Based Incubators”. European Union Regional Policy, Brussels, Belgium, 39 p. Doh, S., & Zolnik, E.J. (2011). “Social capital and entrepreneurship: An exploratory analysis”. African Journal of Business Management, 5(12), 4961. Douglas, E.J. (2013). “Reconstructing entrepreneurial intentions to identify predisposition for growth”. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(5), pp. 633–651. Dufays, F., & Huybrechts, B. (2014). “Connecting the dots for social value: A review on social networks and social entrepreneurship”. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 5(2), pp. 214-237. Duval-Couetil, N., Reed-Rhoads, T., & Haghighi, S. (2012). “Engineering students and entrepreneurship education: Involvement, attitudes and outcomes”. International Journal of Engineering Education, 28(2), 425. Elfring, T., & Hulsink, W. (2003). “Networks in entrepreneurship: The case of high-technology firms”. Small Business Economics, 21, pp. 409-422. Estep, J., Daim, T., & Shaygan, A. (2021). “R&D project evaluation: Technology transfer focus”. The Electricity Journal, 34(2), 106904. Faling, M., Biesbroek, R., Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S., & Termeer, K. (2019). “Policy entrepreneurship across boundaries: A systematic literature review”. Journal of Public Policy, 39(2), pp. 393–422. Fonseca, L.M., Domingues, J.P., & Dima, A.M. (2020). “Mapping the sustainable development goals relationships”. Sustainability, 12(8), 3359. Gigauri, I. (2021). “New economic concepts shaping business models in post-pandemic era”. International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Economy, 1 (33). Girard, J., & Girard, J. (2015). “Defining knowledge management: Toward an applied compendium”. Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, 3(1), pp. 1-20. Groen, A., Cook, G. & Van der Sijde, P. (2015). New technology-based firms in the new millennium. Emerald Group Publishing, Leeds, England, 97 p. Gudanowska, A.E. (2017). “A map of current research trends within technology management in the light of selected literature”. Management and Production Engineering Review, 8(1), pp. 78-88. Hall, J.K., Daneke, G.A., & Lenox, M.J. (2010). “Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future directions”. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), pp. 439-448. Iacobucci, D., & Perugini, F. (2021). “Entrepreneurial ecosystems and economic resilience at local level”. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 33(9-10), pp. 689-716. Kamaludin, M.F., Xavier, J.A., & Amin, M. (2024). “Social entrepreneurship and sustainability: A conceptual framework”. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 15(1), pp. 26-49. Karlsen, A. (2011). “Cluster creation by reconfiguring communities of practice”. European Planning Studies, 19(5), pp. 753-773. Kiran, R., & Bose S. (2020). “Stimulating Business Incubation Performance: Role of Networking, University Linkage and Facilities”. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 32(12), pp. 1407-1421. Koe, W.L. (2016). “The relationship between Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) and entrepreneurial intention”. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 6(1), 13. König, W. (2017), “Engineering professors as entrepreneurs: the case of Franz Reuleaux (1829–1905) and Alois Riedler (1850–1936)”. History and Technology, 33(1), pp. 53-69. Krueger, N.F., Reilly, M.D., & Carsrud, A.L. (2000). “Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions”. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), pp. 411-432. Lee, S.H., & Wong, P.K. (2004). “An exploratory study of technopreneurial intentions: a career anchor perspective”. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(1), pp. 7–28. Lesáková, Ľ., Ondrušová, A., & Vinczeová, M. (2019). “Factors determining profitability of small and medium enterprises in selected industry of mechanical engineering in the Slovak Republic: the empirical study”. Business Administration and Management, 12(2). Liguori, E., Bendickson, J., Solomon, S., & McDowell, W.C. (2019). “Development of a multi-dimensional measure for assessing entrepreneurial ecosystems”. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 31(1-2), pp. 7-21. Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J.C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J.M. (2011). “Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: A role for education”. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), pp. 195-218. López-Rubio, P., Chaparro-Banegas, N., Mas-Tur, A., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2025). “The road to national competitiveness is paved with innovation and entrepreneurship: A qualitative comparative analysis”. Policy Studies, 46(3), pp. 415-436. Mackenzie, C. (2004). “Policy entrepreneurship in Australia: a conceptual review and application”. Australian Journal of Political Science, 39(2), pp. 367–386. Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2006). “Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight”. Journal of World Business, 41(1), pp. 36-44. McMullan, W.E., Long, W.A., & Graham, J.B. (1986). “Assessing economic value added by university-based new-venture outreach programs”. Journal of Business Venturing, 1(2), pp. 225-240. Min, J.W., Kim, Y., & Vonortas, N.S. (2020). “Public technology transfer, commercialization and business growth”. European Economic Review, 124, 103407. Muñoz-Guijosa, J. M., Paz, E. B., Fe Verdu-Rios, M., Diaz-Lantada, A., Lafont, P., Echavarri, J., ... & Munoz, J. (2009). “Application of process re-engineering methods to enhance the teaching-learning process in a Mechanical Engineering Department”. International Journal of Engineering Education, 25(1), 102. Nabi, G., Holden, R., & Walmsley, A. (2006). “Graduate career-making and business start-up: A literature review”. Education and Training, 48(5), pp. 373–385. Nicholls, A. (2010). “The legitimacy of social entrepreneurship: Reflexive isomorphism in a pre–paradigmatic field”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(4), pp. 611-633. Nichols, S. P., & Armstrong, N. E. (2003). “Engineering entrepreneurship: Does entrepreneurship have a role in engineering education?”. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 45(1), pp. 134-138. Nowiński, W., Haddoud, M. Y., Lančarič, D., Egerová, D., & Czeglédi, C. (2019). “The impact of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and gender on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in the Visegrad countries”. Studies in Higher Education, 44(2), pp. 361–379. Onyeocha, E. I., Nwaigwe, K. N., Ogueke, N. V., & Anyanwu, E. E. (2020). “Design and construction of an integrated tetrafluoroethane (R134a) refrigerator-waste heat recovery dryer for fabric drying in tropical regions”. Heliyon, 6(9). Peterman, N.E., & Kennedy, J. (2003). “Enterprise education: Influencing students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(2), pp. 129-144. Quero, M. J., Díaz-Méndez, M., Ventura, R., & Gummesson, E. (2022). “Co-patenting, co-ownership, and co-ideation as drivers for university business innovation: the case of public universities in Spain”. The TQM Journal, 34(7), pp. 115-133. Rodriguez-Marin, M., Saiz-Alvarez, J.M., & Huezo-Ponce, L. (2022). “A Bibliometric Analysis on Pay-per-Click as an Instrument for Digital Entrepreneurship Management Using VOSviewer and SCOPUS Data Analysis Tools”. Sustainability, 14(24), 16956. Rosário, A.T., Raimundo, R.J., & Cruz, S.P. (2022). “Sustainable Entrepreneurship: a literature review”. Sustainability, 14(9), 5556. Roundy, PT., Brockman, BK., & Bradshaw, M., (2017). “The resilience of entrepreneurial ecosystems”. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8, pp. 99-104. Sandhu, K., Sarkar, P., & Subburaj, K. (2025). “Understanding entrepreneurial thinking for designers: Perspectives from entrepreneurs, academicians, product designers, and students”. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 56, 101728. Sarri, K., & Trihopoulou, A. (2005). “Female entrepreneurs' personal characteristics and motivation: a review of the Greek situation”. Women in Management Review, 20(1), pp. 24-36. Schaltegger, S., & Wagner, M. (2011). “Sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation: categories and interactions”. Business Strategy and the Environment, 20(4), pp. 222-237. Schlange, L.E. (2009). “Stakeholder identification in sustainability entrepreneurship: the role of managerial and organisational cognition”. Greener Management International, 55, pp. 13-32. Seelos, C., & Mair, J. (2005). “Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business models to serve the poor”. Business Horizons, 48(3), pp. 241-246. Silva Júnior, C.R., Siluk, J.C.M., Neuenfeldt Júnior, A., Francescatto, M., & Michelin, C. (2022). “A competitiveness measurement system of Brazilian start-ups”. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 72(10), pp. 2919-2948. Silva, A., & Faria, L. (2012) “Two Approaches to Design Teaching in a Mechanical Engineering Curriculum”. Int. Journal of Engineering Education, 28(2), 474. Smilor, R.W. (1987). “Managing the incubator system: Critical success factors to accelerate new company development”. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 34(3), pp. 146–155. Soares, T.J., & Torkomian, A.L. (2021). “TTO's staff and technology transfer: Examining the effect of employees' individual capabilities”. Technovation, 102, 102213. Solano, G., Larrañeta, B., & Aguilar, R. (2020). “Absorptive capacity balance and new venture performance: cultivating knowledge from regional clusters”. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 32(11), pp. 1264-1276. Spigel, B., & Stam, E. (2018). Entrepreneurial ecosystems, SAGE Handbook of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. Sage Publication, London, 21 p. Stefan, D., Vasile, V., Oltean, A., Comes, C.A., Stefan, A.B., Ciucan-Rusu, L., & Timus, M. (2021). “Women entrepreneurship and sustainable business development: Key findings from a SWOT–AHP analysis”. Sustainability, 13(9), 5298. Strobel, N., & Kratzer, J. (2017). “Obstacles to innovation for SMEs: Evidence from Germany”. International Journal of Innovation Management, 21(03), 1750030. Sullivan Mort, G., Weerawardena, J., & Carnegie, K. (2003). “Social entrepreneurship: Towards conceptualisation”. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8(1), pp. 76-88. Sung, C. S., & Park, J. Y. (2018). “Sustainability orientation and entrepreneurship orientation: Is there a tradeoff relationship between them?”. Sustainability, 10(2), 379. Thompson, J., & Doherty, B. (2006). “The diverse world of social enterprise: A collection of social enterprise stories”. International Journal of Social Economics, 33(5-6), pp. 361-375. Thorgren, S., & Wincent, J. (2015). “Passion and habitual entrepreneurship”. International Small Business Journal, 33(2), pp. 216–227. Thurik, R., & Wennekers, S. (2004). “Entrepreneurship, small business and economic growth”. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 11(1), pp. 140-149. Thursby, J.G., & Thursby, M.C. (2002). “Who is selling the ivory tower? Sources of growth in university licensing”. Management Science, 48(1), pp. 90-104. Thottoli, M.M., Cruz, M.E., & Al Abri, S.S.S. (2025). “The incubation revolution: transforming entrepreneurial education with artificial intelligence”. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 19(1), pp. 2-23. Trabskaia, I., Gorgadze, A., Raudsaar, M., & Myyryläinen, H. (2023). “A Bibliometric Analysis of Social Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems”. Administrative Sciences, 13(3), 75. Udell, G.G. (1990). “Are business incubators really creating new jobs by creating new business and new products”. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 7(2), pp. 108-122. Unger, J.M., Rauch, A., Frese, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). “Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review”. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), pp. 341-358. Van Weele, M.A., Steinz, H.J., & Van Rijnsoever, F.J., (2018). “Start-up communities as communities of practice: Shining a light on geographical scale and membership”. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 109(2), pp. 173–188. Welter, F., & Lasch, F. (2008). “Entrepreneurship research in Europe: Taking stock and looking forward”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(2), pp. 241–248. Yasar, M., & Rejesus, R.M. (2020). “International linkages, technology transfer, and the skilled labor wage share: Evidence from plant-level data in Indonesia”. World Development, 128, 104847. Yu, Y., Qin, Y., Xu, Z., & Škare, M. (2022). “Bibliometric analysis of strategic entrepreneurship literature”. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 18(4), pp. 1475-1502.