jnse Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering 1304-2025 Millî Savunma Üniversitesi 10.56850/jnse.1830251 Electrical Machines and Drives Elektrik Makineleri ve Sürücüler COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MOTORS USED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES ELEKTRIKLI ARAÇLARDA KULLANILAN MOTORLARIN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALIZI https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2438-5262 Göndelen Burak MİLLİ SAVUNMA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DENİZ HARP OKULU https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-6945 Karakaya Abdulhakim KOCAELI UNIVERSITY Advanced Online Publication 95 122 11 25 2025 01 06 2026 Copyright © 2003, Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering 2003 Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are preferred for electric vehicle (EV) drive systems due to their high efficiency and high torque density. Synchronous reluctance motors (SynRM) and permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motors (PMa-SynRM), on the other hand, offer a cost-effective alternative that reduces the use of rare earth elements. On the other hand, in electrically driven synchronous machine (EESM) topologies, there is the advantage of greater flexibility in field weakening. Asynchronous motors (IM), another type of motor used in EVs, stand out as a robust and cost-effective alternative requiring less material. Also, brushless DC motors (BLDCM) used in EVs offer easier controllability and high dynamic response capability but exhibit lower efficiency and more pronounced torque ripple behavior compared to PMSM motors. On the other hand, the switched reluctance motor (SRM) used in EVs stands out for its robustness and simple structure, but it has been observed to exhibit high noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) behavior. Axial flow permanent magnet motors (AFPM), while showing promising results in terms of specific power density, require improvements in thermal and mechanical design. In this study, the types of motors used in EVs have been comprehensively compared and analyzed. This analysis is based on the efficiency, torque density, cost, and operating characteristics of the motors. Alternative motor types have been identified for PMSM, which is at the center of the compared motors, in terms of increased efficiency and cost reduction. Additionally, new focal points have been presented for scientific studies to be conducted.

Daimi mıknatıslı senkron motorlar (PMSM), yüksek verimlilikleri ve yüksek tork yoğunlukları nedeniyle elektrikli araç (EV) tahrik sistemleri için tercih edilmektedir. Senkron relüktans motorlar (SynRM) ve daimi mıknatıslı senkron relüktans motorlar (PMa-SynRM) ise, nadir toprak elementlerinin kullanımını azaltan uygun maliyetli bir alternatif sunmaktadır. Diğer taraftan elektrikle tahrik edilen senkron makine (EESM) topolojilerinde, alan zayıflatmada daha fazla esneklik avantajı bulunmaktadır. EV’lerde kullanılan diğer motorlardan biri olan asenkron motorlar (IM), daha az malzeme gerektiren sağlam ve uygun maliyetli bir alternatif olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca EV’lerde kullanılan fırçasız doğru akım motorları (BLDCM), daha kolay kontrol edilebilirlik ve yüksek dinamik tepki kabiliyeti sunarken PMSM motorlarına kıyasla daha düşük verimlilik ve daha belirgin tork dalgalanması davranışı sergilemektedir. Diğer taraftan EV’lerde kullanılan anahtarlamalı relüktans motor (SRM), sağlamlık ve basit yapısı ile öne çıkmakta, ancak yüksek gürültü, titreşim ve sertlik (NVH) davranışına sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Eksenel akışlı daimi mıknatıslı motorlar (AFPM) ise, spesifik güç yoğunluğu açısından umut verici sonuçlar gösterse de termal ve mekanik tasarımın iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, EV’de kullanılan motor tipleri kapsamlı bir şekilde karşılaştırılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu analizde, motorların verimlilik, tork yoğunluğu, maliyet ve işletim özellikleri temel alınmıştır. Karşılaştırılan motorların merkezinde olan PMSM için verimlilik artışı ve maliyet azaltımı yönünden alternatif motor tipleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, yapılacak bilimsel çalışmalar için yeni odak noktaları sunulmuştur.

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